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The development of information technology in the era of the Industrial Revolution 5.0 has brought significant changes to the world of education, including guidance and counseling services in schools. The use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots is an innovation that can improve the effectiveness, accessibility, and interactivity of services for students. However, on the other hand, the use of this technology also raises challenges related to ethics, privacy, and the decline of humanistic values in counseling interactions. Based on this, this study aims to analyze the positive and negative impacts of chatbots on the effectiveness of guidance and counseling services in schools. This study uses library research. Data were collected from various sources, such as books and journals related to the impact and role of chatbot use in guidance and counseling services. The results of the study show that the use of chatbots has negative and positive impacts that are very helpful and beneficial in guidance and counseling services in the current digital era, but they only function as a supporting tool and cannot replace the role of human counselors.

The digital era has transformed communication patterns among millennials and Gen Z in Indonesia. This study analyzes the phenomenon of code-mixing and code-switching on social media among students at STIE Balikpapan as representatives of the digital generation in a multiethnic environment. Employing a qualitative method with a virtual ethnography approach, data were collected through six months of virtual participant observation and systematic digital documentation across multiple social media platforms. The findings reveal that code-mixing predominantly occurs in intra-sentential and intra-lexical forms, while code-switching takes inter-sentential forms according to communication contexts. The primary factors driving mixed language use are social identity, communication efficiency, and audience adaptation. Balikpapan's multiethnic context enriches these practices through interactions among Indonesian, regional languages, and English. These findings contribute to the field of digital sociolinguistics and serve as a reference for language learning in higher education institutions and the development of Indonesian language policies.  

This study aims to analyze digital communication planning through Instagram to market MAKA Cavalry products at the MAKA Showroom in Gading Serpong . As a local automotive company producing electric motorcycles, MAKA Motors faces significant challenges from competitors and the importance of building brand awareness through digital media. The study used a qualitative approach using Regina Luttrell's Circular Model of SOME (Share, Optimize, Manage, Engage) as the foundation for its digital communication strategy. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of the activity of the @ makamotorsgadingserpong_vina Instagram account. The results show that a structured digital communication plan through Instagram can increase visibility, audience interaction, and brand image of MAKA Cavalry products. The strategies implemented include creating relevant and visually appealing content, optimizing posting times and hashtags, consistent account management, and encouraging audience engagement through two-way interactions. This study highlights the importance of evaluating Instagram insights and adapting content to suit the needs of the target audience. These findings can serve as a reference for the local automotive industry in optimizing social media as a marketing tool for environmentally friendly technology-based products.

One of the factors that determine the success of a character-based language learning process is the interaction between teachers and students. Polite language from students can show that they have the expected character, in addition to showing that teachers have helped students behave with polite language. Classes often do not meet expectations. Many students are still unable to pronounce good words. In the last two decades, there has been a significant decline in the implementation of polite language originating from Brebes Regency. Children believe that using impolite language is acceptable to their friends and following trends in their environment because of the abundance of impolite language in society. This causes people to use Indonesian less. The purpose of this study is to determine the politeness of Indonesian language students in interacting with teachers in grade IV SDN 1 Karangdempel. This study uses a qualitative research type. The approach used in this study is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The location of this research is SDN 1 Karangdempel, Losari District, Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia 52212. Based on research that has been done on the analysis of the form of politeness in Indonesian language in interacting with teachers in the learning process is polite. Because, in the implementation of the learning process can include several maxims including: Maxim of wisdom/wisdom, maxim of generosity, maxim of praise/appreciation, maxim of humility/simplicity, maxim of agreement/agreement, and maxim of sympathy. From several existing maxims it can be concluded that the maxim of humility/simplicity is the one most frequently found in the data of politeness in Indonesian language in class IV SDN 1 Karangdempel, Brebes Regency, because that maxim is the one that occurs most often in learning activities.

This research was conducted at Malahayu 03 Elementary School, Brebes Regency. The objectives of this research are (1) To describe the impact of bullying on students' social interactions (2) To describe the factors that influence students' social interactions after experiencing bullying. This type of research uses Qualitative research using interview and Documentation techniques. Based on the results of research conducted through interviews, observations, and documentation at Malahayu 03 Elementary School, it can be concluded that bullying has a significant impact on students' social interactions, especially for victims. These impacts can be seen in the following aspects: (1) Emotional and psychological: Students who are victims of bullying show symptoms such as feelings of worthlessness, prolonged sadness, fear of expressing opinions, and experiencing pressure to be accepted by the group. (2) Decreased social interaction: Victims tend to be alone, avoid group activities, and withdraw from the social environment of the class. (3) Decrease in academic achievement: It was found that victims of bullying experienced a decline in academic grades and difficulty concentrating while studying, as a result of the mental pressure they experienced. (4) School environment: The existence of a culture of seniority and the lack of serious handling by the school towards perpetrators of bullying causes victims to feel increasingly unsafe.

The local cosmetics industry in Indonesia continues to grow rapidly and has become increasingly popular among Generation Z. However, the boycott issue against ESQA Cosmetics, triggered by a controversy involving one of its founders, has led to a decline in consumer trust. This study aims to examine the influence of social media marketing on purchase intention through brand trust in the case of ESQA Cosmetics. The research was conducted in Bali using a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. Data were collected through an online questionnaire involving 110 Generation Z respondents who had never purchased ESQA products but had interacted with ESQA’s official social media account (@esqacosmetics). Data analysis was performed using SmartPLS with mediation testing to examine the relationships among variables. The results indicate that social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention through brand trust, suggesting that the effectiveness of social media strategies can strengthen brand trust and ultimately increase consumer purchase intention. This finding highlights that brand trust serves as a key psychological mechanism linking social media marketing to purchase behavior. The study recommends that ESQA Cosmetics enhance interaction and transparency in its social media communication, provide prompt responses to consumers, and emphasize the authenticity and benefits of its products to rebuild trust and strengthen purchase intention following the boycott issue.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using the Telegram application as an innovative digital learning medium in the Malay Culture course at Universitas Riau. The integration of technology in education has become essential in enhancing learning outcomes and student engagement, particularly in cultural-based subjects that require active interaction and collaboration. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the Telegram application provides significant benefits in facilitating the learning process. It enables efficient distribution of learning materials, smooth communication between lecturers and students, and the creation of interactive discussion spaces. Moreover, Telegram’s features—such as group chats, file sharing, and polls—encourage student participation, improve accessibility to resources, and foster collaborative learning. The study also found that students felt more motivated, independent, and responsible in managing their learning activities through this platform. Overall, the use of Telegram has proven to be effective, practical, and adaptable in supporting the teaching and learning process of the Malay Culture course. Therefore, it is recommended that Telegram be utilized not only in cultural studies but also across other academic disciplines to enhance the quality of online and blended learning environments.

This paper presents a narrative review focusing on the significance of in silico methodologies in identifying and evaluating natural bioactive compounds as promising antidiabetic agents. By examining scientific publications from 2020 to 2025, the review highlights substantial evidence that various plant-derived metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and glycosides from Orthosiphon stamineus, Moringa oleifera, Syzygium polyanthum, Tinospora crispa, and Albizia saman demonstrate notable affinity toward several crucial enzymes implicated in type 2 diabetes, including DPP-4, SGLT-2, α-glucosidase, and PTP1B. Findings from molecular docking analyses and ADMET simulations indicate that many of these compounds exhibit favorable pharmacokinetic behavior, strong receptor interactions, and minimal toxicity, suggesting their potential as multitarget natural therapeutics with synergistic modes of action. Utilizing in silico screening as an initial step effectively predicts biological activity and pharmacological profiles prior to experimental validation through in vitro and in vivo testing, thus reducing both time and research expenditure. The synergy between computational modeling, medicinal chemistry, and phytochemical exploration establishes a scientific framework that supports the advancement of rational, safe, and sustainable herbal-based antidiabetic drug development derived from Indonesia’s vast biodiversity and encourages self-reliance within the national pharmaceutical sector.

This study aims to determine the effect of digital media use on children's academic achievement. Rapid technological developments have made digital media a crucial part of the modern educational process. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study provides an in-depth description of how digital media is used in learning activities and its impact on student learning outcomes. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation of students, teachers, and parents involved in the technology-based learning process. The results indicate that digital media plays a significant role in increasing children's interest and motivation in learning, enriching their knowledge base, and helping them understand the material more effectively. However, the study also found that excessive, unsupervised use of digital media can lead to decreased concentration, the development of procrastination, and decreased social interaction among students. Therefore, the use of digital media needs to be balanced with guidance and supervision from teachers and parents to ensure its use remains aligned with educational goals. In conclusion, digital media has significant potential to improve children's academic achievement when used wisely, purposefully, and in accordance with each student's individual learning needs.

This research aims to understand how public perceptions and responses to social conflict are shaped in the digital era, marked by advances in information and communication technology. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and library research methods, this study analyzes various literature, journals, and previous research findings that address the relationship between digital media, social perceptions, and conflict dynamics. The results indicate that digital media plays a central role in shaping public perspectives on social conflict. Rapid, widespread, and interactive access to information makes it easier for people to engage in social issues, both actively through online campaigns and passively as observers. However, this phenomenon also poses challenges in the form of perceptual bias, the spread of hoaxes, and increased social polarization due to the dominance of certain narratives in the digital space. On the other hand, digital media also opens up opportunities for collective awareness, social empathy, and public participation in conflict resolution efforts. Therefore, improving digital literacy and media ethics are crucial factors in building a critical, rational, and peaceful society amidst the complexity of social interactions in cyberspace.

Early childhood represents a golden period that is vital for the development of all aspects of a child’s abilities, particularly language skills. Speaking ability plays a central role as it serves as a child’s primary means of communication and social interaction. However, not all children achieve speech milestones appropriate for their age. Speech delays can negatively affect social, emotional, and academic growth if not identified early. This study aims to identify speech delays in early childhood through classroom interactions and to analyze the role of teachers in early detection and stimulation of language skills. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study involved ten children aged 4–6 years at Siti Khadijah Kindergarten. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Findings revealed that two children showed signs of speech delay, characterized by limited vocabulary, unclear pronunciation, and difficulty forming simple sentences. The main contributing factors were a lack of verbal stimulation at home and excessive gadget use, which reduced direct communication. Activities such as circle time, role-playing, and storytelling were found effective for detecting and stimulating speech development. Teachers play a crucial role as early detection agents, working collaboratively with parents to ensure continuous stimulation at home. Strengthening teachers’ capacity to observe, identify, and support children with speech delays is essential for promoting optimal language development.

Symbolic interactionism is an approach that examines how symbols and meanings are created through interactions between individuals within a learning context. This approach explores how individuals use symbols to communicate, interact, and understand the world around them. In the context of the learning process, symbolic interactionist analysis can provide a deep understanding of how learning occurs through interactions between teachers and students, as well as among students themselves. Through this analysis, we can observe how symbols such as language, gestures, and expressions are used to communicate ideas and concepts being taught in the classroom. Additionally, symbolic interactionist analysis can also help us understand how individuals construct their identities within the learning environment. In the modern era of education, the interaction between teachers and students has become one of the crucial aspects of the learning process. Through social interaction and the use of symbols, individuals can shape their perceptions of themselves and how they are viewed by others. This can affect their motivation and engagement in learning. Thus, symbolic interactionist analysis offers valuable insights into understanding the learning process and how interactions between individuals play a key role in the construction of meaning and understanding. Through this understanding, we can improve the quality of learning and provide more meaningful learning experiences for students. Communication does not only occur through words but also through nonverbal communication, including facial expressions, body movements, and other gestures. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how symbolic interactionism plays a role in learning and how nonverbal communication influences the dynamics of classroom interaction.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Discovery Learning model that utilizes the surrounding environment in improving the learning outcomes of Biology Science on plant material and its functions in grade 3 students of MI Al Barokah Jember. This approach refers to David A. Kolb's experiential learning theory and Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky's constructivism theory, which emphasizes the importance of active student involvement through real-life experiences and social interactions. This study uses a Classroom Action Research (CAR) model with four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 24 students, with data obtained through observation, learning outcome tests (pre-test and post-test), and reflective interviews. Data analysis was carried out using quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The results showed a significant increase in students' conceptual understanding, with an average pre-test score of 60 increasing to 82 in the post-test, and 83% of students showed improved learning outcomes. Student activity also increased, with more students actively involved in observations, discussions, and presentations. As many as 80–85% of students were able to explain the functions of plant parts based on direct observation. Students responded positively to this lesson, but there were limitations in the variety of plants and the timeframe. It is recommended to reinforce initial understanding with visual aids and allow more time for group discussions.

In today's world, the crisis of moral integrity and low quality of leadership have become one of the most serious challenges in education and social life. This study aims to examine how Christian Religious Education and family interactions contribute to the formation of a culture of quality that supports the growth of leadership character based on faith, responsibility, and a spirit of service. The approach used is a reflective literature study with a review of eleven journals, sixteen books or other sources from theological and educational philosophy perspectives, and leadership studies. The results of the study show that Christian Religious Education not only fosters spiritual awareness and ethical thinking skills, but also strengthens students' commitment to excellence as a manifestation of living faith, hence the emphasis is on the active role of parents. The integration of faith education and family interaction creates a culture of quality that encourages continuous growth, self-reflection, and integrity in leadership. The novelty in this study is the formation of an integrated culture of quality.

The role of Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School's policy in instilling an attitude of tasamuh (tolerance) among students amidst the challenges of the digital era is the subject of this research. In addition to offering many conveniences, the digital era has also become a tool for spreading exclusive ideologies, hoaxes, and hatred that threaten tolerance. As an Islamic educational institution, Islamic boarding schools have a responsibility to protect their students. This research collected data through in-depth interviews with Islamic boarding school leaders, ustadz, and students, as well as observation activities and analysis of policy documents (qanun). A qualitative approach, case study method, was used. The results of the study show that Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School implements three levels of policy: (1) Curricular Policy that focuses on the study of moderate yellow books (fiqh muqaranah and tasawuf) as the theological basis of tasamuh; (2) Student Policy that encourages discussion and interaction (such as bahtsul masail) with strict sanctions for bullying; and (3) Digital Adaptive Policy that establishes strict regulations on the use of gadgets and the "Ngaji Cyber-Akhlaq" program.

This community service program was carried out in Dolok Kahean Village, Tapian Dolok District, Simalungun Regency, with the main focus on optimizing digital literacy to increase the competitiveness of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The purpose of this program is to strengthen the competitive position of MSMEs, especially Rengginang Ibu Saliem, who still rely on conventional marketing systems and have a minimal understanding of business digitalization. The method used is a participatory and educational approach, carried out in four systematic stages: needs assessment, material design, program implementation, and mentoring and evaluation. The results of the activity showed significant achievements, with an increase in digital literacy understanding by 80% based on a comparison of pre-service and post-service. In practice, partners have succeeded in forming a business digital identity, namely @rengginanghuta_ibusaliem Instagram accounts, and are able to run digital marketing starting from content processes to customer interaction. Theoretically, these findings strengthen the argument that digital literacy is an essential foundation in facing the challenges of the digital economy, where increased competitiveness is not only influenced by technical skills, but also by changes in mindset and business independence. The implication of this program is that local MSMEs now have adequate capabilities and platforms to expand market reach beyond the village boundaries.

The climate crisis is no longer just a concern for environmental activists, but has evolved into a strategic threat affecting global stability. The climate crisis is now worsening into a serious threat to the sustainability of human life and the existing ecosystems on Earth. In his book, "The Uninhabitable Earth," Arne Naess provides deep insights thru the Deep Ecology approach, which emphasizes the intrinsic value of all forms of life. This study explores the relationship between the environment and cosmology and its impact on human policies and behavior toward nature. By analyzing the interaction between humans and the environment, we show that a paradigm shift toward a holistic understanding can offer sustainable solutions to this climate crisis. The impact of the climate crisis is highly complex and widespread, leading to unstable weather patterns. These unstable weather patterns threaten agriculture, food security, and also result in more frequent and severe natural disasters. We need to explore the root causes of the current climate crisis, the impacts that have already occurred and may come, and the efforts that can be made by individuals, communities, and the international community to address such challenges. This research strongly highlights the importance of collective consciousness and moral responsibility in protecting the planet, while also inviting readers to reflect on their position within the broader web of life. Thru this approach, it is hoped that synergy between human development and environmental sustainability can be achieved.

Bullying is an aggressive act that is often repeated and directed at individuals in a weaker position, causing detrimental effects on psychological aspects, particularly children's self-esteem. When children's self-esteem is low, they tend to consider themselves worthless and choose to avoid social interaction. This study aims to analyze the correlation between Bullying behavior and self-esteem levels among elementary school students. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. All 97 students in grades IV, V, and VI at SD Negeri 11 Banda Aceh were used as research subjects through total sampling. The questionnaire used included indicators of Bullying behavior and self-esteem levels. Based on the data obtained, of the 54 students identified as experiencing high levels of Bullying behavior, 44 children or 45.4% showed low self-esteem. On the other hand, of the 43 students who were exposed to low levels of Bullying, 35 of them, or about 36.1%, had high self-esteem. The chi-square test in this study produced a p-value of 0.000, indicating a significant relationship between Bullying patterns and self-esteem levels in children. Thus, it can be concluded that an increase in Bullying experiences in the school environment has an impact on the decline in students' self-esteem.

This community service (PKM) aims to improve the English language competency of students of SMK Negeri 3 Palangka Raya specifically English For Specific Purpose (ESP). The increasingly global needs of the fashion and textile industry, both for export and import and interaction with foreign clients, require graduates to have English communication skills that are not only general, but also specific according to the terminology of design, production, and marketing of fashion products. The methods used are interactive training, and Role-Play simulations, and direct practical assistance with a focus on design presentations, negotiations with clients or suppliers, and technical terminology for sewing patterns in English. The results of the PKM show an average increase in specific vocabulary mastery of 25% as well as a significant increase in student self-confidence in using English for work scenarios, as well as a better understanding of professional terms in the field of Fashion Design. This activity is recommended to be continued as a regular school program to bridge the gap between the general English curriculum and the demands of actual work competencies in the fashion industry

This study aims to improve the interpersonal intelligence of children aged 5–6 years through the implementation of the edutainment method at TKIT Darul Qur’an Madani, Parepare. The research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) with Kurt Lewin’s model, conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects were 14 children from group B who initially showed low social interaction, cooperation, and empathy with peers. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and anecdotal notes, then analyzed descriptively using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The findings revealed a significant improvement in children’s interpersonal intelligence. In the first cycle, most children were categorized as Beginning to Develop and Developing as Expected. However, in the second cycle, through edutainment activities based on role playing with professional themes, 85% of the children achieved the Very Well Developed category. These results indicate that the edutainment method is effective in creating enjoyable, interactive, and meaningful learning experiences, which encourage children to communicate, collaborate, understand emotions, and develop empathy.