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Wewewa Timur District is an administrative area in Southwest Sumba Regency that has great potential to improve the quality of public services. However, in practice, services at the sub-district level are still faced with various obstacles, such as slow administrative processes, manual data recording, and lack of coordination between service departments. This makes it difficult for government officials to cause problems and has a direct impact on public satisfaction as service recipients. As a solution, the development of a Web-Based Integrated Service Information System is the right step to address community needs and support government performance in Wewewa Timur District. Through this system, the public can access various services on a single digital platform without having to come directly to the sub-district office, and helps officials in accelerating administrative processes. This study uses a software engineering approach to design and implement a Web-Based Integrated Service Information System in Wewewa Timur District. The method used is the Waterfall method, which is a classic method in software engineering with sequential and systematic stages, from needs analysis to system maintenance. Test results using the black box method showed that the software could identify malfunctioning functions, interface errors, data structure errors, and access to external databases, while also producing expected output. Therefore, this system is considered effective in improving the quality of public services in Wewewa Timur District.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMNeg) in Makariki possess regional economic potential. However, business managers face cash flow recording obstacles. They have not implemented standard bookkeeping. This community service aims to provide training and mentoring in financial document preparation using the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities framework. The implementation method consists of preparation, execution, and evaluation stages. The execution stage includes initial testing, material presentation, interactive discussion, and final testing. Evaluation results indicate this program resolves participants' financial literacy problems. Participants' understanding regarding bookkeeping accounts and calculating profit and loss increased. Participants can compile drafts of income statements, financial positions, and supporting notes independently. In conclusion, intensive mentoring changes participants' mindsets from conventional management to a more structured one. Systematic bookkeeping helps participants separate personal and business assets. These records also serve as administrative requirements to access additional capital from banks or government assistance programs. This program supports the transparency and accountability of village fund management through BUMNeg.

Cohabitation—defined as the practice of two unmarried individuals living together in an intimate relationship—presents a growing normative challenge in Indonesian society, which maintains a theistic constitutional foundation while navigating rapid social change. This article examines cohabitation through three juridical lenses: first, the regulatory architecture through which Indonesian law prohibits cohabitation; second, the criminalization framework established under Law Number 1 of 2023 on the National Criminal Code; and third, the practical and theoretical problems that emerge in law enforcement. Employing a normative legal research methodology that integrates statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study finds that prohibitions against cohabitation are embedded across multiple regulatory layers—spanning marriage law, customary law, codified Islamic law, and regional legislation. The National Criminal Code, through Articles 412 and 413, introduces for the first time an explicit criminalization of cohabitation within Indonesia's post-independence penal codification. Nevertheless, the complaint-based offense structure, evidentiary challenges, and persistent tension between formal norms and social realities produce a substantial implementation gap. The study concludes that legal effectiveness in addressing cohabitation requires coordinated action across criminal enforcement, family institution strengthening, and sustained legal literacy programs.

Gastric health problems such as gastritis and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) remain common, particularly among children and adolescents, due to irregular eating patterns, excessive consumption of spicy and acidic foods, and a lack of understanding of healthy lifestyles and proper nutrition. The partner of this Community Service Program (PKM) was LKSA Santa Anna Orphanage in Bojonegoro, where limited knowledge regarding gastric health, differences between gastritis and GERD, and preventive efforts was identified among the residents. This PKM activity aimed to increase partners’ knowledge and awareness of gastric health maintenance through the application of healthy eating patterns, balanced nutrition, and appropriate lifestyle practices. The program included educational sessions, interactive discussions, and simple demonstrations to enhance participants’ understanding and engagement. Previous studies indicate that health education and regular eating habits are effective in preventing gastric disorders; therefore, this socialization activity is expected to encourage positive and sustainable healthy behavioral changes, improve daily dietary habits, and support long-term gastric health and overall well-being.

Women's leadership plays an important role in the success of organizations, including in the government sector at the sub-district level. Leaders not only act as directors but also as mentors who are able to understand the needs and character of their subordinates. The female head of TG Sub-district in Surabaya City demonstrates the application of reciprocal relationships between leaders and subordinates through a system of rewards and punishments according to performance achievements, actively monitors subordinate performance, identifies work standard errors, and takes corrective actions. The study aims to analyze the application of transactional leadership style by the female head of TG Sub-district in Surabaya City using Bernard M. Bass's (1990) theory. The type of research used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. Samples were determined using purposive sampling, and data sources included primary and secondary data. The research results indicate that the transactional leadership style of the female village head in TG Village is not yet fully optimal. The application of Contingent Reward can increase motivation and employee performance control, but its implementation in the community is still limited. Management by Exception (Active) carried out on employees has not been consistent, and its application in the community is also not sufficiently felt. Management by Exception (Passive) and Laissez-Faire are shown through corrective actions after problems arise and the freedom to take initiative and make decisions according to standards and policies. The implementation of transactional leadership by female village heads needs to be improved, especially in strengthening the mechanisms of reward and punishment as well as the consistency of supervision of employees and the community so that the leadership implementation runs more optimally.

Business digitalization has become an integral part of the modern economic development in Indonesia, providing significant convenience for business actors while presenting legal risks that require clear legal protection and certainty. This research uses normative legal methods with legislative and conceptual approaches, and utilizes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The results of the study show that legal protection for business actors in digital-based business agreements is regulated in various regulations, including Article 1320 and Article 1338 of the Civil Code, the Consumer Protection Law, the Law on the Prohibition of Monopoly Practices, the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions and their amendments, Government Regulations on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions, the Personal Data Protection Law, and the Trade Minister Regulation on Trade Through an electronic system. However, existing regulations still face challenges in the form of overlapping rules and have not fully answered new problems such as automated contracts, the use of artificial intelligence, and the dynamics of digital platforms. Therefore, adaptive regulatory reforms, strengthening the principle of fairness in digital contracts, increasing supervision of platform operators, and legal and digital literacy for business actors are needed. These efforts are expected to be able to protect business actors, especially MSMEs, from harmful standard clauses and ensure the timely and effective resolution of digital business disputes.

Negeri Haruru in Central Maluku Regency currently faces dual environmental challenges: unmanaged household organic waste and the frequent occurrence of surface water puddles during periods of high rainfall. This community service activity aims to educate and provide practical skills to junior high school students in Negeri Haruru regarding the implementation of 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) through the innovation of Biopore Infiltration Holes (LRB) using recycled plastic bottles as a cost-effective alternative to conventional liners. This innovation is designed to reduce plastic waste while simultaneously managing organic waste and improving soil water infiltration capacity independently at the household level. The implementation method involved participatory socialization, interactive discussions, and hands-on demonstrations of constructing biopore installations. The results indicated a significant increase in students' understanding of the role of soil fauna as decomposing agents and their technical ability to assemble used plastic bottles into functional biopore modules. The implementation of this innovation proved effective in maintaining the structural integrity of the infiltration holes and facilitating the biological decomposition of organic waste into compost. This program is expected to serve as a sustainable community-based environmental management model to minimize puddles and address waste problems in Negeri Haruru through a low-cost, appropriate technology approach.

This community service activity aims to enhance the capacity of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in preparing financial statements based on the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) through the digitalization of financial recording in UMKM Pasadana. The main problems faced by the partners include low accounting literacy, unstructured and simple financial recording practices, and the limited utilization of digital technology in financial management. The implementation method adopts a participatory approach consisting of several stages, namely socialization, training, mentoring, and evaluation. The training focuses on understanding the basic concepts of SAK EMKM and the practical use of simple and applicable digital financial recording applications. Mentoring is conducted directly to ensure that MSME actors are able to implement financial recording independently and sustainably. The results of the activity indicate an improvement in the knowledge and skills of MSME actors in conducting systematic financial recording in accordance with SAK EMKM principles. In addition, MSME actors begin to adopt digital technology in recording transactions, which improves efficiency, accuracy, and transparency of financial statements. This activity also encourages a shift in mindset, where financial recording is no longer viewed as merely administrative, but as a basis for business decision-making. Thus, this community service activity provides a practical contribution to improving the quality of MSME financial management through the integration of accounting literacy and sustainable digital technology utilization.

Education plays an important role in shaping the quality of human resources, particularly in developing students' critical thinking skills. In the learning process at school, teachers not only act as providers of information but also as facilitators who are able to create active, creative, and participatory learning environments. However, in practice, the learning process is still often dominated by one-way lecture methods, which tend to make students passive and less involved in the learning process. This condition affects the development of students’ critical thinking skills. Therefore, learning strategies that actively involve students are needed, one of which is through the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL).This study aims to analyze the strategies used by Islamic Religious Education teachers in implementing Problem Based Learning and its impact on students’ critical thinking skills at SMA Pembangunan V YAPIS Waena. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing.The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Problem Based Learning is carried out through several stages, including presenting problems related to daily life, group discussions, problem analysis, and the presentation of discussion results by students. The implementation of this learning model increases students’ activeness in the learning process and encourages the development of critical thinking skills, such as identifying problems, analyzing information, expressing opinions, and drawing logical conclusions. Therefore, Problem Based Learning can be considered an effective learning strategy for improving students’ critical thinking skills in Islamic Religious Education learning.

Limited readiness for breastfeeding among third-trimester pregnant women may affect the success of breastfeeding practices. Insufficient knowledge regarding proper breastfeeding techniques can lead to various lactation-related problems, including incorrect breastfeeding positions, poor infant attachment, and ineffective breastfeeding. Therefore, effective educational interventions are needed to improve breastfeeding readiness during pregnancy. This community service program aimed to strengthen breastfeeding readiness among third-trimester pregnant women through e-booklet-based education on breastfeeding techniques in the working area of Kelapa Community Health Center. The program was conducted in June 2025 and involved 20 third-trimester pregnant women. Educational activities were delivered through interactive lectures, discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and the distribution of e-booklets. Evaluation was carried out using pre-tests and post-tests to assess changes in participants’ knowledge and attitudes after the intervention. The results showed an improvement in participants’ knowledge, with the proportion of women in the good knowledge category increasing from 20.0% to 75.0%, while the poor knowledge category decreased from 30.0% to 0%. Positive attitudes toward breastfeeding also increased from 40.0% to 85.0% following the educational intervention. The use of e-booklets as educational media facilitated participants’ understanding of breastfeeding materials and enabled independent review of the information after the program. This community service activity demonstrates that e-booklet-based breastfeeding education is effective in improving knowledge, fostering positive attitudes, and strengthening breastfeeding readiness among third-trimester pregnant women

This community service activity aims to strengthen government governance and adaptive digital human resource (HR) capacity of civil servants (ASN) in sub-districts of South Pontianak District, Pontianak City. The main problems identified through preliminary surveys were the low awareness and willingness of apparatuses to adapt to digital technology, as well as the absence of standardized operating procedures (SOPs) in internal administrative governance. Methods employed included reflective discussion, interactive lectures and discussions, and SOP drafting assistance. Evaluation was conducted using the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product) along with pre-test and post-test instruments comprising 20 questions. The activity involved 18 apparatuses representing five sub-districts (Banua Melayu Darat, Banua Melayu Laut, Akcaya, Kota Baru, and Parit Tokaya) and one district representative. Results showed an increase in participants' average score from 75.00 (pre-test) to 86.47 (post-test), representing a 16% improvement. Additionally, the activity produced five internal administrative SOP documents and a Follow-Up Action Plan (RKTL) from each sub-district as a commitment to digital transformation implementation. In conclusion, education-based intervention and technical assistance proved effective in improving sub-district apparatus competency in supporting digital bureaucratic reform.

Protecting the rights of children in inheritance cases is very important in Indonesian civil law. It involves things like legal ability, who takes care of the child, and making sure the child's rights are properly respected and met. This study looks into how the law protects young people in fights over inheritance, including how guardians are used, any problems where someone might benefit unfairly, and how judges should make sure the child's best interests are always considered. The study uses a normative legal approach, looking at laws and ideas by checking related civil law rules and child protection guidelines. The study shows that children cannot make their own legal decisions in court and need their parents or guardians to act on their behalf. But in real situations, there can be problems where the parents' interests might conflict with what's best for the child, which could affect the child's right to inherit property. Judges are important in checking if the guardian has the right to be in the case and making sure the claim doesn't harm the child. Legal protection in inheritance matters needs to be both official, by having proper representatives, and real, by ensuring fair treatment, clear laws, and special care for children's rights as legal beings who need extra protection.

This study analyzes junior high school students' errors in solving mathematics problems involving integers. This study was conducted through a systematic literature review of 12 related research articles published between 2021 and 2026. The analysis shows that students' errors in integers include contextual, procedural, and technical (calculation) errors. The most common conceptualization errors were found in the understanding of positive and negative signs and the rules for mixed operations. The main causes of errors are a lack of in-depth conceptual understanding, the habit of memorizing without understanding, and a lack of practice using concrete media. Internal factors such as learning motivation and external factors such as learning methods and media also contribute. This study recommends that the mathematics learning process emphasize meaningful conceptual understanding, the use of concrete media, and learning strategies that engage students' mathematical connection skills. Thus, difficulties in learning integers can be minimized sustainably.

This article discusses the relationship between parenting styles and adolescents’ social behavior. Adolescence is a developmental stage characterized by increasing social demands, making the role of the family, particularly parents, crucial in shaping adolescents’ social adjustment. This study employed a literature review method by examining relevant textbooks and national and international journal articles related to parenting styles and adolescents’ social behavior. The findings indicate that parenting styles have a significant influence on adolescents’ social behavior. Authoritative or democratic parenting is identified as the most effective style in promoting positive social behaviors, such as empathy, cooperation, social concern, and adaptive social skills. In contrast, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles are associated with various social behavior problems, including aggression, social anxiety, and low social competence. Furthermore, the relationship between parenting styles and adolescents’ social behavior is mediated by internal psychological factors, such as self-control and emotional intelligence. Therefore, warm, responsive, and consistent parenting practices are essential to support optimal social development in adolescents.

Prosocial behavior is an important aspect of adolescents’ social-emotional development that needs to be optimally fostered through early detection efforts to prevent the emergence of social and mental health problems. This study employed a library research method by reviewing various journals and scientific articles related to the early detection of adolescent prosocial behavior. The findings indicate that prosocial behavior is influenced by internal factors such as empathy, emotional regulation, emotional intelligence, self-concept, and religiosity, as well as external factors including family environment, peer relationships, and education. Early detection enables school counselors to design intervention services that are aligned with students’ developmental needs. Therefore, it is essential to implement Guidance and Counseling services through the teaching of prosocial skills, empathy, communication, emotional regulation, conflict resolution training, and the enhancement of students’ self-efficacy. The use of social media to reinforce positive behavior, the provision of positive communication modules, and collaboration among teachers, parents, and the entire school community serve as systematic and sustainable strategies in shaping adolescents’ prosocial character.

Academic anxiety is one of the problems commonly experienced by students due to the pressure of assignments, demands for achievement, and concerns about learning outcomes. This article aims to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based counseling in reducing students' academic anxiety and to explain the strategic role of guidance counselors in its application in schools. This study uses a literature review method with a literature review approach. Data were obtained from various national journals relevant to the topics of academic anxiety and mindfulness, then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively through a process of collecting, classifying, and synthesizing the results of previous studies. The results of the study show that mindfulness-based counseling is effective in helping students reduce their levels of academic anxiety through conscious breathing exercises, focusing attention, and accepting learning experiences without negative judgment. In addition, guidance counselors play an important role as facilitators, program developers, role models for mindfulness practices, mental health advocates, and liaisons between schools and parents in supporting the success of interventions. By applying the right methods, mindfulness-based counseling can be an effective alternative service in helping students overcome academic anxiety when implemented systematically and continuously  by guidance counselors in schools.

Quality control is an important part of the production process to ensure that the products produced meet the set standards. This study aims to test the application of product quality control on furniture at the Hilya Furniture Store in Serang City. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation during the Practical Work Lecture (KKP) activities. The results of the study show that the quality control process at the Hilya Furniture Store is still carried out simply, starting from checking raw materials, production processes, to checking the final product before being marketed. The main problems include the limitations of the quality recording system and the lack of systematic quality control standards. In addition, the lack of the use of technology in the quality monitoring process is an obstacle in maintaining product consistency. Therefore, it is necessary to implement a more structured quality control system, including the preparation of standard operating procedures (SOPs), regular quality recording, and training for the workforce to improve product quality and customer satisfaction on an ongoing basis.

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) is an important plantation commodity that contributes to improving rural livelihoods. However, the productivity of smallholder rubber plantations remains relatively low due to various technical constraints, socio-economic conditions, and limited farmers’ knowledge and technology. This study aims to analyze the influence of technical aspects of cultivation and socio-economic aspects on farmers’ knowledge and technology in rubber cultivation in Desa Antutan, Kecamatan Tanjung Palas, Kabupaten Bulungan. This research employed a mixed methods approach with a descriptive design. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 30 rubber farmers selected using purposive sampling, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews and documentation. Quantitative data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS software, while qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing The results indicate that technical aspects of cultivation and socio-economic aspects simultaneously influence farmers’ knowledge and technology in rubber cultivation. Partially, technical cultivation aspects have a more dominant effect than socio-economic aspects. Qualitative findings reveal that the main problems faced by farmers include improper tapping techniques, aging rubber trees, rubber price fluctuations, and limited access to agricultural training and extension services.

This study aims to analyze the regulation and implementation of the authority to test laws and regulations (judicial review) in the Indonesian state system based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This study applies a normative juridical method using three main approaches, namely the statute approach, the conceptual approach, and the historical approach. The legal data collected includes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are then reviewed through qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that normatively the division of judicial review authority between the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court has been expressly regulated in Article 24A paragraph (1) and Article 24C paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The Supreme Court is given the authority to test regulations under the law against the law, and the Constitutional Court is given the authority to test laws against the 1945 Constitution. This division of authority is a manifestation of the principle of separation of powers and the mechanism of checks and balances after the third amendment to the 1945 Constitution. However, in practice, this two-roof judicial review system tends to give rise to conceptual and practical problems, such as overlapping authority and differences in decisions between the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court which have the potential to create legal uncertainty and reduce public trust in the judicial institution. Therefore, it is necessary to reorganize the authority of judicial review by strengthening coordination between institutions or unifying the authority of judicial review which is centered on one institution only in order to guarantee legal certainty, harmonization of norms, and supremacy of the constitution in the Indonesian state system.  

Occupational Safety and Health (K3) is an important aspect in protecting workers from potential accidents and health problems arising from work activities, including in the administrative sector, which is often considered low-risk. However, the Human Resources (HR) Department at PT Micro Madani Institute (MMI) Solo Branch still found several potential hazards and work risks that have not been optimally identified. This study aims to apply the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOPS) and Job Safety Analysis (JSA) methods to identify and mitigate hazards and work accident risks in the HR Department's activities at PT Micro Madani Institute (MMI) Solo Branch. The research method is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach through observation and interviews. Risk analysis used the JSA and HAZOPS methods. The results of the study show that the application of the HAZOPS method in five sections of the HR Department successfully identified 53 potential hazards and risks, consisting of 12 extreme risks, 23 high risks, 15 moderate risks, and 3 low risks with the Employee Training and Development section as the section with the largest number of risks. Meanwhile, the application of the JSA method also identified 53 potential hazards and risks from 19 work activities. The dominant risks stem from non-ergonomic work postures, prolonged sitting, intensive computer use, and high workloads. This study concludes that the JSA and HAZOPS methods are effective in identifying potential occupational hazards and risks and can serve as the basis for control efforts to minimize workplace accidents and improve OHS implementation in the HR Department.