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The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the bioactivator MOL Jermai Jackfruit (Artocapus integra merr) on the length of time for composting. Jackfruit straw is one of the wastes that has not been used properly and is thrown away so that it can cause environmental pollution. So to avoid this problem, the Jackfruit Straw is fermented into MOL as a compost material from organic vegetable waste, fruits are thrown away and produce a bad smell. MOL Jackfruit Straw was fermented for 7 days with a brown color and smell of alcohol. The research method used experimentally by using 3 variables, namely the independent variable (long composting time), the dependent variable (MOL Straw Jackfruit) and the supporting variables EM4 and control. The results of the research composting using MOL Straw Jackfruit, EM4 and control temperature of the compost 300C, pH 7, 70% content, blackish color, smooth texture and smell like soil. The final composting process in all treatment parameters has met the SNI for compost except the water content, namely the temperature according to ground water (300C), pH 6.80-7.49, maximum water content of 50% blackish color, texture and smell like soil. The length of time for composting using MOL Straw Jackfruit dose of 10 ml 24 days, EM4 10 ml 29 days and control 42 days. Data analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test obtained a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, so H1 is accepted or there is an effect of the Jackfruit Straw MOL bioactivator on the length of time for composting.

Nowadays, there are many literary works that is transformed into an adaptation work. One of them is J.K rowling's novel entitled Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince with the same title. Using this object, this article focuses on the motives that exist in the process of adapting the novel and make it into the form of a film adaptation. During process of transformation,it arises some changes and some excisions. These changes because of the consequences of the differences in the media, the text and audiovisual. There are three issues discussed in this research. First, what are the changes that have been made by the production team, the second, the consequences of differences in media against stories in novels and films, the third, the motives that contained in the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Then, we use comparative method in this study in order to compare the differences between the novel and the film. During the process of analysis, we use the theory of adaptation and semiotic analysis. Furthermore, this article begins by classifying the differences that exist in the novel and compare it to the movie. After that, we use semiotics in order to help find the ideology that contained in the novel and the film. This ideology helps on finding the motives that contained in the film adaptation. The results of the analysis are: dominant ideology in the film adaptation is capitalism ideology that explains the economic and cultural motives in this film adaptation.    

Deixis is a pragmatic study that examines the relationship between language structure and the context of the situation in which it is used. The phenomenon of deixis can be found in everyday conversation in the form of verbal language as well as in literary works such as films or novels. In literary texts, deixis can pose an obstacle to understanding the text. The research entitled "Analysis of Deixis in the Short Stories 'Rembulan di Mata Ibu' and 'A Piece of Love in Silence' by Asma Nadia" aims to analyze the use of deixis in two short stories by Asma Nadia: "Rembulan di Mata Ibu" and "A Piece of Love in Silence." The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection technique involved carefully reading and noting elements in the short stories. The data used consists of text fragments thought to contain deictic elements, including personal deixis, time deixis, place deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. Based on the results of data collection, 55 instances of personal deixis, 17 instances of time deixis, 11 instances of place deixis, 50 instances of discourse deixis, and 4 instances of social deixis were found. Thus, the total number of deictic instances is 137. It is hoped that this research will contribute significantly to the understanding of the use of deixis in literary works and help the public better comprehend the meanings and messages contained in such works.    

The spiritual character of Christian adolescents is crucial to develop in today's context. Many incidents indicate that Christian teenagers often neglect their spiritual character; nearly 60% of them do not participate in worship, which hinders their spiritual development. This research aims to provide solutions for pastors in shaping the spiritual character of Christian adolescents. The study employs a qualitative research method involving analysis of textbooks, articles, and other sources. The significant role of pastors in shaping the spiritual character of today's Christian youth is emphasized. The findings and discussions underscore that pastors, in fostering spiritual character among Christian adolescents, should embody divine attributes such as love, patience, justice, and strength. This approach ensures effective and proper character formation.

This research aims to identify and analyze the quality comparison between steamed cakes made with palm sugar and those made with coconut sugar. The research employs an experimental method and involves 40 moderately trained panelists as the sample. Based on the quality analysis test results, the highest average scores in all aspects were achieved by the steamed cakes made with palm sugar. Specifically, for the color aspect, a score of 4.6 was in the range of brown to very dark brown categories. The blooming aspect received a score of 4.4, which was in the range of bloomed to very bloomed categories. The volume aspect received a score of 4.45, falling within the large to very large categories. The aroma aspect scored 4.5, ranging from a palm sugar aroma to a very strong palm sugar aroma. The texture aspect scored 4.5, which was in the range of soft to very soft categories. The taste aspect scored 4.4, within the sweet to very sweet categories. Based on the statistical hypothesis test with the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of α=0.005, it was found that there is a quality difference between the steamed cakes made with palm sugar and those made with coconut sugar in terms of color and aroma. However, there was no quality difference in the aspects of blooming, volume, texture, and taste

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze various forms of narrative irony contained in Shirley Jackson's short story "The Lottery." This qualitative study used an in-depth text analysis approach to the narrative of the short story. This research method involved structural analysis to identify important narrative elements such as conflict, plot, and character. Using an irony analysis approach, this study examined how Shirley Jackson used this technique to highlight contradictions in human behavior and society. This study provided a deeper understanding of how narrative ironies function in literary works to stimulate critical thinking about human nature.

This study focuses on the ability to analyze the text of a speech on the theme of cultural tourism of class X students of SMK Negeri 4 Denpasar in the 2023/2024 academic year. The purpose of this study was to determine students' ability to analyze the text of a speech on the theme of cultural tourism in Balinese language learning at school. This type of research is descriptive. The methods used in this study are the research subject determination approach method, the research subject approach method, the data collection method, the test method, the observation method, the questionnaire method, the interview method, and the data processing method. The subjects of this study were class X students of SMK Negeri 4 Denpasar. The theory used is the theory of understanding analysis, types of analysis, understanding speech, types of speech, the structure of the speech text, and the theme of cultural tourism. The results of this study are the ability to analyze the text of a speech on the theme of cultural tourism of class X students of SMK Negeri 4 Denpasar in the 2023/2024 academic year is good. This is evident from the average score that has reached the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) of 88. It is known that out of 177 students studied, 104 students have met the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) with a percentage of 58.75% and 73 students have not met the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) with a percentage of 41.24%..

Snack bars are bar-shaped products that contain carbohydrates and proteins from flour, nuts, dried fruits, and other ingredients that are processed into whole pieces and combined into one ready for consumption. Snack bar innovation with the proportion of grated coconut and tuna pindang. The purpose of this research is to meet the nutritional needs of the community by fulfilling daily protein and can be an entrepreneurial product so that it is necessary to know the organoleptic quality, nutritional content and selling price of the product. The methodology in the research is an experimental approach with quantitative analysis to fulfill the sensory quality and nutritional content of snack bars. The best proportion of snack bars with different proportions of grated coconut and pindang ikan tongkol from the sensory test was obtained from the 50:50 ratio with characteristics of rectangular shape; yellowish brown color with white spots from rengginang; grated coconut and pindang ikan tongkol aroma; crunchy texture; and taste of grated coconut and pindang ikan tongkol. Laboratory analysis of the nutritional content of the best snack bar per 100 grams contained 17.15% protein, 11.55% water content, 1.05% ash, 3.14% fat, 284.10kcal/100g energy, 64.72% carbohydrate, and 2.42% crude fiber. The selling price of snack bars with the proportion of grated coconut and tuna pindang with a percs weight of 15 grams is known to be IDR 3,000.  

This research examines how Robert Frost uses metaphorical language in three of his well-known poems: "The Road Not Taken," "My November Guest," and "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening." Personification, metaphor, symbol, exaggeration, and repetition are all often used, as the analysis makes clear. Personification is the most common figure of speech among them, lending human characteristics to inanimate things or abstract concepts in each of the three poems. This technique enhances the emotional impact of the poems and allows readers to connect more deeply with the themes and settings. The analysis of each poem explores how specific figures of speech contribute to the overall meaning. In "The Road Not Taken," metaphor and personification are used to explore the impact of life choices. "My November Guest" relies heavily on personification to portray melancholy and the beauty of autumn. "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" uses personification, hyperbole, symbol, and repetition to create a sense of isolation and reflection amidst natural beauty. Ultimately, Frost's masterful use of figurative language elevates the meaning of these poems, allowing readers to explore deeper interpretations beyond the literal text. This exemplifies his skill as a poet who effectively conveys the complexities of human experience and the natural world.

Investigates the idea of muhkam and mutasyabih stanzas in the Qur'an and the connected religious ramifications. Muhkam refrains are stanzas that have clear, unequivocal and express implications, giving a strong legitimate premise and standards in Islamic lessons. Mutasyabih verses, on the other hand, contain symbolism and metaphors that enhance the spiritual and intellectual aspects of the sacred text and have meanings that are ambiguous and necessitate in-depth analysis. This study demonstrates that muhkam verses provide Muslims with clear practical and legal guidance, whereas mutasyabih verses encourage deep reflection and the development of theological understanding by analyzing the characteristics, functions, and purposes of these two types of verses. In interpreting the Qur'an, where muhkam and mutasyabih verses complement one another in conveying the Divine message, the study emphasizes the significance of a comprehensive and holistic understanding. These verses have important theological implications for the development of contemporary Islamic thought, including a deeper comprehension of God's nature, the essence of Islamic teachings, and the dynamics of interpreting sacred tex.

Steamed bread with the substitution of mocaf flour and the addition of butterfly pea flower puree is a steamed bread made from wheat flour and substituted with mocaf flour and added with butterfly pea flower puree. This research aims to determine the effect of mocaf flour substitution and the addition of butterfly pea flower puree on the organoleptic quality of steamed bread which includes shape, color, smell, taste and texture. This type of research is a type of experimental research. The experiment was carried out with six types of treatments consisting of 20%, 30% and 40% mocaf flour substitution and the addition of 30% and 40% butterfly pea flower puree. The data collection technique uses instruments in the form of organoleptic tests including shape, color, aroma, taste and texture of steamed bread with six different treatments. The data analysis used was two-way analysis of variance and Duncan's advanced test. The results of the research show 1) the substitution of mocaf flour has an effect on the criteria for shape, color and texture. 2) the addition of butterfly pea flower puree affects the criteria for shape, color, taste and texture. 3) the interaction between the substitution of mocaf flour and the addition of butterfly pea flower puree affects the shape and texture criteria.

Political dynasty is a political power exercised by a group of people who are related by family, with the aim of obtaining power and ensuring that this power remains within the group by passing it on to other family members. This study conducts a sentiment analysis on comments related to the Supreme Court decision which is believed to pave the way for Kaesang Pangarep in support of Jokowi's political dynasty. Sentiment analysis is carried out using the Naive Bayes method, a commonly used algorithm for text classification based on probability. The data used consists of comments from videos taken from social media platforms. These comments are then categorized into positive, negative, and neutral sentiments. The results of the study show the distribution of public sentiment towards this issue, providing an overview of how the public responds to the decision. The Naive Bayes method is chosen for its simplicity and its ability to provide reasonably accurate results in text analysis.

This research aims to describe the diversity of literature-based qualitative research applied in the study of religion and religiosity in Islam. Through descriptive qualitative research methods with library data collection, this research explores a variety of research that can be used in research on religion and diversity in Islam. The results show various research from various angles that can be applied in literature-based studies of religion and diversity in Islam. First, in terms of the type of research, namely the study of revelation texts, the study of figures' thoughts, textbook analysis, and historical studies. Second, in terms of research approaches, namely theological, anthropological, sociological, historical, interpretive, biographical research, hermeneutics, and artifact studies. The three research methods are descriptive, theoretical, comparative (muqaranah), historical and critical. Fourth, in terms of research data analysis, content analysis, discourse analysis, historical analysis, critical analysis, textual analysis, narrative analysis, and narrative analysis, thematic analysis, descriptive analysis, intertextual. The implication of this research is to enrich the insight of academics and researchers in choosing appropriate research methods for studying Islamic religion and diversity and encouraging the use of more varied, combinative, and in-depth qualitative research. The suggestions include integrating more interdisciplinary approaches, methods, and analysis in studying Islamic religion and diversity to produce more comprehensive findings relevant to current developments. In addition, researchers are expected to be able to develop analytical and critical skills in evaluating literature, which will help enrich academic discourse in this field.

This research aims to analyze students' difficulties in writing stories in Indonesian language subjects in Class IV UPTD SPF SDN 61 Kampung Baru. The subjects in this research were 19 students of UPTD SPF SDN 61 Kampung Baru consisting of three students with high abilities, three students with medium abilities, and three students with low abilities. Data collection was carried out using written tests and continued with individual interviews to obtain valid data. The results of the analysis of the difficulty test for writing stories for students showed an average score of 67.63 for students. From these data it can be seen that the ability of class IV students in writing stories is still quite low. Of the 3 questions asked, many students still had difficulty answering questions related to structure and choosing words. Based on the results of interviews with 9 students, it is known that the difficulties experienced by students in the high subject category are that students have difficulty determining titles and connecting words to make a complete sentence. The difficulties experienced by moderate subjects were difficulty putting together good and interesting sentences in determining the content of the story and the noisy classroom atmosphere affecting their concentration in writing. Meanwhile, the difficulties experienced by low subjects are that they are not interested in writing a story so it is difficult to write, they have difficulty deciding what words to use, and they have no interest in writing long texts so they prefer not to do it. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the level of difficulty for students in writing stories in Indonesian language subjects is still quite low.

Mantras are spelled out as part of the cultural values of a community. In the mantra text there are various concepts of the value of spirituality and religiosity. Mantras are also part of the means of asking for help and wishes in order to be granted by God. One of the mantras discussed in this study is the “Asihan Jaran Goyang” spell. This mantra aims to overcome the soul and soul of others to love and like the person who practices the mantra. In this study, “Asihan Jaran Goyang” was positioned into a text that was discussed based on the meaning, function and context of the narrative. The method used in this study is descriptive-qualitative by placing text analysis as the object of study. In addition, it also analyzes the context of mantra narration related to the practice that is a condition for obtaining power from the spell. The results showed that the structure of the “Asihan Jaran Goyang” mantra from the use of language, majas, and themes with isotopy analysis is related to the form of belief in God. Meanwhile, the function, context of narration and creation process describe the process of chanting mantras and practices that must be fulfilled by the mantra reciter, while functions indicate the functional usefulness of mantras by mantra reciters.    

This research aims to, (1) To analyze students’ skills in writing drama texts using the Character Learning Project strategy for class XI students at Prama Artha Bandar Huluan Private Vocational School. (2) To analyze students’ skills in writing drama texts without using the Character Learning Project strategy for class XI students at Prama Artha Bandar Huluan Private Vocational School. (3) To analyze the influence of the Character Learning Project strategy on the drama text writing skills of Prama Artha Bandar Huluan Private Vocational School class students. The population in this study were class , and writing linguistic rules for drama texts. The method used in this research is a two group posttest design. Data analysis techniques use analysis prerequisite tests, normality tests, and hypothesis tests. The research results in the control class obtained an average of 71.58 and were included in the sufficient category. Meanwhile, the research results used the Character Learning Project strategy 82.19 and were included in the very good category. Through hypothesis testing, namely 2.02 7.57, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence from the use of the Character Learning Project strategy on the Drama Text Writing Skills of Class XI Students of Prama Artha Bandar Huluan Private Vocational School.

This research investigates wheter integrating the demonstration method with a TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) approach in classroom learning can improve students ability to write procedure texts. A quasi experimental pre-test post-test control group design was employed to examine this effect. The target population for this study included all fourth grade students at SDN Kedaung Wetan 2. A sample of 40 students was selected, with 20 students from class 4A assigned to the control gorup and 20 students from class 4B assigned to the experimental group. The instrument used in this study was a written test. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 27 program. Both the Paired Sample T-Test (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.001) and the Independent Samples T-Test (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.075) yielded statistically significant results (p = 0.05), indicating that the null hypothesis (Ho) can be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis (Ha). This suggest a significant difference between the learning outcomes of students receiving traditional instruction. Furthermore, the N-Gain Score analysis revealed an average improvement of 56% in the learning outcomes. This finding supports the notion that the TPACK integrated method has a positive inflluence on students ability to write procedure texts.  

This research aims to carry out semantic analysis of technical words in the field of physics. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques include library methods and observation of technical physics words, and semantic analysis using the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) and physics textbooks.

This article analyzes figurative language in the poem Provide Proven by Robert Frost. Robert Frost is one of the writers who uses various types of figurative language in his work. The purpose of using figurative language in poetry is to emphasize the meaning of the author that he wants to express. Apart from that, it is also used to beautify the sound of poetry. Data was collected from text and analyzed using descriptive-qualitative research. The results of this research show that there are five types Figurative language: metaphor, irony, personification, alliteration.

This study explores the semantic dimensions and symbolic meanings found in Buddhist religious texts by applying a hermeneutic analysis to the concept of dukkha in the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta. Commonly translated as suffering, dukkha carries broader existential implications, such as dissatisfaction, impermanence, and the inherent unsatisfactory nature of existence. Employing a qualitative hermeneutic approach combined with semantic and semiotic analysis, the research identifies three interconnected layers of meaning within dukkha: the literal level, referring to physical and mental suffering; the contextual level, which reflects the human existential condition; and the spiritual level, where dukkha becomes a gateway toward liberation. The results indicate that a nuanced understanding of the semantic richness of dukkha is crucial for a deeper comprehension of the Four Noble Truths as the core framework of Buddhist doctrine. This study contributes to interdisciplinary discourse among linguistics, religious studies, and Buddhist practice, emphasizing that sacred language functions not only to convey doctrine but also to encourage inner reflection and spiritual transformation.