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Anak dengan Down Syndrome (DS) menghadapi berbagai hambatan perkembangan, baik secara fisik, kognitif, sosial, maupun emosional, sehingga memerlukan layanan khusus. Salah satu masalah utama yang dialami adalah rendahnya keseimbangan akibat hipotonia, kelemahan otot, gangguan postural, serta keterbatasan sistem sensorimotor, yang berimplikasi pada risiko jatuh dan keterlambatan motorik. Selain itu, anak DS juga cenderung mengalami hambatan dalam sosialisasi yang berdampak pada rendahnya rasa percaya diri. Penelitian dan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di SLB D1 Surakarta ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan dan rasa percaya diri melalui intervensi menari di atas landasan dengan berbagai tekstur permukaan serta pemberian buku cerita interaktif. Metode yang digunakan meliputi baseline assessment, sosialisasi, latihan motorik, serta evaluasi melalui pre-test dan post-test terhadap pengetahuan guru pendamping dan orang tua. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada pemahaman orang tua dan guru mengenai pentingnya keseimbangan dan rasa percaya diri, dengan capaian pengetahuan baik meningkat dari 57,9% menjadi 89,5%. Selain itu, anak menunjukkan keterlibatan aktif dalam latihan yang menyenangkan, yang diyakini dapat memperbaiki kontrol postural sekaligus memupuk rasa percaya diri melalui pengalaman positif. Dengan demikian, kegiatan menari dan membaca buku cerita bergambar dapat menjadi strategi komplementer yang efektif untuk mendukung tumbuh kembang anak DS secara holistik.

Energy audits are an essential step in supporting the efficiency of electricity utilization, particularly in large-scale commercial buildings such as shopping malls. This study was conducted to measure and analyze electricity consumption at Pollux Malls Paragon Semarang using a direct measurement approach combined with historical monitoring of energy consumption. The main focus of the audit was on the lighting system and the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system from the Basement to the 6th Floor. Measurement results showed that the Energy Consumption Intensity (ECI) ranged between 39.94–45.20 kWh/m²/month, far above the national efficiency standard (maximum 18.5 kWh/m²/month), indicating a highly wasteful energy usage condition. The two main systems contributing to the largest share of consumption were HVAC and lighting, with a combined estimated share exceeding 60% of the total monthly energy use. Based on the analysis, several energy-saving opportunities were identified, including the replacement of energy-efficient lighting (LED), installation of automatic control systems (light, temperature, and timer sensors), and regular maintenance of HVAC systems. With the implementation of technical, managerial, and operational efficiency strategies, it is estimated that energy consumption savings could reach 20–30%, or around 60,000 kWh per month, without compromising visitor comfort.

Disc discs are the main component in a motorcycle braking system that functions to convert kinetic energy into heat energy through friction. The geometric design of the disc, including the diameter and number of holes, affects the effectiveness of braking as well as the heat dissipation ability. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in diameter and number of holes on disc discs on braking distance and disc temperature. The research method used was an experimental method with three variations in disc diameter (190 mm, 220 mm, and 260 mm) and three variations in the number of holes (30, 36, and 42 holes). The test was carried out through a controlled braking procedure at an initial speed of 40 km/h on flat road surfaces with stable weather conditions. Braking distance data is measured using ultrasonic sensors, while disc temperature is recorded with a high-accuracy infrared thermometer. The results showed that the diameter of the disc disc had the most significant influence on the braking distance. The larger the diameter, the greater the braking moment resulting so that the stopping distance becomes shorter. The number of holes in the disc also plays a role in heat dissipation because the holes enlarge the heat dissipation area. However, the increase in the number of holes tends to slightly increase the braking distance due to a reduction in the area of frictional contact field. The most optimal configuration is found on a 260 mm diameter disc with 42 holes, which results in the shortest braking distance of 8.25 meters and the lowest temperature rise of 4.47°C.  Statistical analysis using Two-Way ANOVA confirmed that the diameter and number of holes had a significant effect individually, but there was no significant interaction between the two. These findings confirm that the selection of the right disc dimensions is critical to improving braking performance, thermal efficiency, and rider safety.

Enhancing the efficiency of renewable energy on ships is crucial for reducing dependency on fossil fuels. This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method, aiming to design and implement a solar panel optimization system for battery charging, with a focus on increasing power efficiency and providing real-time performance monitoring. The system is designed using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology to maximize the solar panel's power output. A 200Wp solar panel with dimensions of 1290 x 760 x 30 mm was utilized. Static testing results show that the deployed sensors possess a high degree of accuracy, with an average error of 0.71% for the temperature sensor and only 1.81% for the light sensor used to monitor environmental conditions. Dynamic and system integration tests prove that the MPPT implementation significantly increases power output efficiency by 30.83% compared to a system without MPPT. Furthermore, the system with MPPT charges the battery approximately 27% faster. Additionally, the developed Modbus protocol-based monitoring system enables comprehensive and remote monitoring of key parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and light intensity via a cloud database. Data communication reliability tests confirmed the system's capability to transmit entire data packets to a Google Sheets database at a periodic interval of 15 seconds without failure. Based on these results, the developed solar panel optimization system is feasible for implementation in maritime environments to enhance the utilization efficiency of renewable energy and the operational reliability of onboard systems.

An autoimmune condition that targets the joints is rheumatoid arthritis. The joints and surrounding tissues are inflamed due to this disease. Symptoms of this arthritis include joint stiffness, edema, and persistent discomfort. Women are more likely to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis than men, especially those between the ages of 40 and 75. Chronic pain is a sensory or affective experience that lasts >3 months, has mild to severe intensity, and can begin suddenly or gradually. This is related to real or functional tissue damage. To minimize the chronic pain experienced by rheumatoid arthritis patients, this case study aims to assess the effectiveness of cutaneous stimulation, also known as skin stimulation (foot massage). The nursing care method provided to patients with rheumatoid arthritis who complained of discomfort during five morning sessions using skin stimulation therapy (Foot Massage) is described in this case study using descriptive methodology. The application questionnaire was used to measure pain levels before and after the procedure, and the Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain Scale (Raps) was used to evaluate the results. After five sessions, the patient's pain level decreased, according to the case study findings. Conclusion: Discomfort is reduced by applying cutaneous stimulation (foot massage). Since foot massage helps alleviate pain, it can be used as an intervention for RA patients experiencing chronic pain.

Labor is the process of expelling the products of conception, namely the fetus and placenta, after reaching full term and being viable in the womb. There are two types of delivery: normal delivery and caesarean section (SC). Caesarean section (SC) is a surgical procedure performed through an incision in the uterine wall to deliver the fetus. Caesarean delivery is indicate in cases of cephalopelvic disproportion, breech or transverse fetal position, fetal weight exceeding 4,000 grams, or maternal health conditions that may endanger the mother and fetus. One of the common complications following caesarean delivery is pain. Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. An intervention that can be applied to reduce post SC pain is Guided Imagery Therapy. Guided imagery therapy is a non-pharmacological intervention aimed at reducing and controlling pain by creating pleasant and relacing thoughts, focusing on breathing, and visualizing positive scenarios. This study employed a descriptive case study design using the nursing process from assessment to evaluation. The study was conducted on two patients with moderate pain (pain scale 4-6) after SC at TK II Putri Hijau Hosiptal Medan. The results showed that after the application of guided imagery therapy for three days with a duration of 40 minutes per session, pain levels decreased to mild (pain scale 1-3). In ptient I, pain decreased from a score of 5 to 3, an in patient 2, from a score of 6 to 3. In conclusion, guided imagery therapy was successfully applied in reducing post -SC pain levels and can serve as a reference for further research on pain reduction following caesarean section.

Auditory hallucinations are a common sensory perception disorder in patients with mental disorders. Dhikr therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention is proven to have a calming effect and help patients focus more on reality. A case study was conducted on one patient at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital in North Sumatra for seven days using the nursing process approach. Evaluation results with the AHRS scale showed a decrease in scores from 25 to 13. Patients experienced a decrease in the intensity of hallucinations and increased self-control. The conclusion of this case study is that dhikr therapy is effectively applied in mental nursing care as a nonpharmacological intervention to help patients control auditory hallucinations.

Modern industries require automation to enhance operational efficiency and productivity. This study designs and implements an automatic sorting system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) using a mini conveyor, ESP32 microcontroller, TCS3200 color sensor, servo motor, and the Blynk application. The system is designed to accurately detect object colors, sort objects based on color, and enable remote monitoring and control via mobile devices. Testing results indicate that the system can detect and sort objects with a high level of accuracy, although some errors occur due to changes in lighting conditions. The conveyor speed is consistently recorded at 0.335 m/s, while the system's response time, including color detection, servo movement, and application updates, operates within an optimal range. The Blynk application enhances the flexibility of real-time system control. This study demonstrates that IoT-based sorting systems can serve as an efficient solution to support industrial automation. Further development is recommended to improve color detection accuracy and expand the system's application in more complex industrial scenarios.

Mozzarella cheese is traditionally made using rennet, an enzyme derived from the stomach lining of ruminant animals that plays a key role in coagulating milk. While effective, rennet has certain limitations such as its limited availability, relatively high cost, and concerns among vegetarians and certain religious groups regarding its animal origin. As a result, alternative coagulants that are easier to obtain, plant-based, and more environmentally friendly have gained interest. One such natural ingredient is lemon juice, which contains citric acid and can mimic the coagulation effect of rennet. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of lemon juice as a rennet substitute in the production of mozzarella cheese, specifically when applied in a food product like cheese-stuffed potato balls. The research involved organoleptic testing by 30 panelists to evaluate five sensory aspects: color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptance. Several formulations were tested, and the sample containing 20 ml of lemon juice, 2 grams of citric acid, and an additional herb mix (Sample C) was rated the highest in preference across most parameters. The findings suggest that lemon juice is a viable alternative to rennet in mozzarella cheese making, particularly for small-scale or home-based production. It not only delivers acceptable sensory qualities but is also more accessible and affordable. Moreover, using lemon juice supports the development of more sustainable and vegetarian-friendly food options. In conclusion, lemon juice can successfully replace animal-based rennet, making mozzarella cheese production more inclusive, cost-effective, and environmentally conscious.

The reliability of power distribution systems is a crucial factor in ensuring stable electricity supply for industrial, commercial, and household users. Conventional protection systems often face limitations in terms of real-time monitoring, remote control, and adaptive responses to fault conditions, which can result in longer outage durations and higher operational costs. This research aims to develop a smart protection system for power distribution using Internet of Things (IoT) technology to enhance system reliability. The proposed method integrates IoT-enabled sensors, microcontrollers, and communication modules to monitor critical parameters such as voltage, current, and frequency in real time. Data are transmitted to a cloud-based platform for analysis and decision-making, enabling rapid detection of abnormalities and remote tripping of circuit breakers. The prototype was tested under various fault scenarios, including short circuits and overloads, and demonstrated faster response times compared to conventional systems. Results show that the IoT-based protection system improved fault detection accuracy, reduced downtime, and provided predictive maintenance insights through data analytics. The synthesis of these findings highlights that integrating IoT into protection mechanisms not only increases operational reliability but also supports the transition toward smart grids. In conclusion, the developed system proves effective in addressing the limitations of traditional protection systems by offering real-time monitoring, automation, and enhanced decision-making for modern power distribution networks.

Infusion Device Analyzer is a tool for testing the performance of an infusion pump and Syringe Pump. This tool measures flow and occlusion provided by the infusion pump and syringe pump. So a tool is needed to calibrate the infusion pump and syringe pump according to applicable standards so that swelling does not occur in the patient. The design of this calibration tool can also be used as student learning material so that students can understand and comprehend the working principles of the Infusion Device Analyzer. This tool is made using the Arduino Uno control system and there is an occlusion and flow measurement display along with room temperature and humidity which will be displayed on the Nextiton 4'3 Inch LCD. Accompanied by an optocoupler sensor as a liquid flow detector and an MPX5700AP sensor as a liquid pressure detector which is equipped with a DHT22 sensor as a room temperature and humidity meter. This calibrator tool is also equipped with a solenoid valve to regulate the entry of fluid to be measured between flow or occlusion measurements. The function test results show that the flowrate measurement of 10 is 12ml/h, 50 is 54ml/h, 100 is 105ml/h while the occlusion with a rate of 100 is 2.66 psi and the tolerance value for the parameters is appropriate. Therefore, the tool created is close to the desired plan and can be used as a suitable comparison of whether a Syringe Pump or Infusion Pump tool is suitable after repairs or during maintenance. This tool can also be used in learning for students to understand the parts of the working principle of this tool.

Technological advancements, particularly in microcontrollers and the Internet of Things (IoT), have brought significant changes to various aspects of life. Microcontrollers such as the ESP32, DS18B20 sensor, water pH sensor, and other supporting sensors enable the development of efficient automation systems. This research addresses issues related to the design and development of IoT devices for water quality monitoring, as well as the integration of these devices with web-based systems. The objective is to develop a device capable of monitoring water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved materials, salinity projection, and dissolved oxygen projection, while providing automatic notifications under certain conditions. The development process applies the Agile methodology, which allows for rapid and adaptive iterations. Theoretically, this study contributes to improving understanding of IoT implementation and information systems, while practically, it provides a technological solution to support Koi fish farmers in monitoring and managing pond water quality. The expected outcome is a web-based water quality monitoring and management device for Koi ponds that can deliver real-time information and condition notifications, thereby reducing aquaculture risks and improving productivity.

The IoT-based CO and COHb gas detector is a device used to detect the presence of carbon monoxide (CO) gas and the level of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), supported by Internet of Things (IoT) technology for remote monitoring and real-time reporting. This device will be used in hospital rooms, serving as an important solution in efforts to ensure the safety of patients, medical staff, and hospital visitors. With the presence of the CO and COHb gas detector, hospital staff will find it easier to detect the presence of CO gas in the rooms within the hospital. The operation of this device is quite simple: just place the device in the room in the "on" condition, and it will automatically detect the CO and COHb gas present in that room. The measurement results of CO and COHb gas will be directly sent to Google Sheets for storage of the measurement results. The creation of this device requires several components, such as the ESP32 as the microcontroller, DHT11 as the temperature detection sensor, MQ7 as the CO gas detection sensor, and the application of IoT using a Google Sheets web app to monitor results remotely and store measurement results. According to the analysis of the device created by the researchers, the performance or functionality test results of the CO and COHb gas detector can be used smoothly. The author conducted functional tests or performance tests of the device by measuring data in a free room, roadside environment, motorcycle exhaust smoke, active smokers, and passive smokers.

This research presents the design and testing of an automatic color detection system using TCS3200 color sensor integrated with Arduino Uno microcontroller. The system was developed and tested using Wokwi virtual simulation platform before physical implementation. The TCS3200 sensor converts RGB light intensity reflected from objects into frequency signals, which are processed by Arduino Uno to classify colors into red, green, and blue categories. The system incorporates audio feedback using DFPlayer Mini module to provide sound notifications for detected colors. Testing results show that the system can accurately detect and classify primary colors with frequency-based thresholds: red (R<48 &R>37 & G<95 & G>85), blue (G<75 & G>65 & B<33 & B>23), and green (R<55 & R>40 & B<25 & B>5). The simulation validation demonstrates stable performance with consistent color recognition capabilities, making it suitable for industrial sorting applications and assistive technology for visually impaired individuals.

Background: Maritime engineering has traditionally relied on reactive and preventive maintenance strategies, often leading to operational inefficiencies, unplanned downtime, and excessive costs. With the rise of smart ship technologies, predictive maintenance (PdM) has emerged as a data-driven solution, leveraging sensor-based monitoring and real-time diagnostics to optimize ship maintenance. However, its integration into maritime education remains underexplored, particularly in training vessels used for vocational learning. Original Value: This research contributes new insights into the feasibility, effectiveness, and educational relevance of predictive maintenance in maritime vocational training. Unlike previous studies that focus on commercial ship applications, this study examines PdM within the context of training vessels at Poltekpel SULUT, bridging the gap between academic training and industry expectations. Objectives: The study seeks to answer: How does predictive maintenance improve the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and reliability of naval auxiliary systems in training vessels? Methodology: A qualitative approach was employed, integrating sensor-based performance analysis, structured interviews, and questionnaire surveys involving cadets, instructors, and industry professionals. Data were analyzed through thematic categorization, cross-group comparisons, and narrative synthesis. Results: PdM demonstrated high effectiveness in reducing downtime (92/100), optimizing maintenance efficiency (91/100), and aligning with industry practices (89/100). However, challenges in sensor accuracy (85/100) and training integration were identified. Conclusions: The findings highlight the necessity of incorporating predictive maintenance into maritime training curricula to equip future engineers with the skills required for Industry 4.0 maintenance solutions, ensuring better operational efficiency and sustainability in the maritime sector.

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that requires the blood to be at a temperature close to normal human body temperature, approximately 36– 38°C. Transfusing cold blood can lead to serious complications such as hypothermia, coagulation disorders, and even cardiac arrest. Therefore, a reliable and automated blood warming device is essential to ensure safe transfusions. This study aims to design and modify a Blood Warmer Thawing device based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller as an innovative and cost- effective solution, particularly for healthcare facilities with limited resources. The system integrates a DS18B20 temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the heating medium in real time, with data displayed on a 20x4 I2C LCD. Users can set the desired temperature via a 4x4 keypad, and the system automatically adjusts the heater performance based on the detected temperature. To enhance safety and operational efficiency, the device is also equipped with a buzzer as a warning indicator when the temperature exceeds the safe threshold, and utilizes a DC motor and cooling fan to maintain proper heat circulation. Test results indicate that the device is capable of maintaining the liquid temperature within the ideal range for blood transfusions, with high stability and fast response to temperature changes. This innovation offers a practical, affordable, and easy-to-implement solution to support effective and safe blood transfusion procedures in various healthcare settings.

This study focuses on analyzing the efficiency of water usage during ablution in mosques, aiming to identify the factors causing inefficiency and propose solutions aligned with sustainability and Islamic values. Ablution is essential for Muslim prayer, yet modern mosques often neglect water efficiency, leading to waste and high operational costs. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining observations, water discharge measurements, and surveys from 35 congregants at an urban mosque. The results showed an average ablution water consumption of 2.47 liters per person, with significant variation, primarily due to faucet usage behaviors. The survey also revealed that 45.71% of participants viewed water use as inefficient, with mixed responses regarding the implementation of automatic faucets. These findings underscore that water conservation cannot be achieved solely through technical solutions like sensor faucets or water recycling systems. Instead, it requires integrating Islamic values and education to encourage behavioral change among mosque-goers. By promoting awareness and responsible water use, mosques can become role models in environmental conservation. This study highlights the importance of combining technical engineering solutions with spiritual values, contributing to a more sustainable and efficient use of resources in mosque facilities while adhering to Islamic principles.

Public demand for healthy, low-gluten and high-fiber food products encourages innovation in the bakery industry. This study aims to compare the texture and taste of brownies based on mocaf flour (Modified Cassava Flour) and rye flour with steamed and baked processing methods, and determine the formulation that has the best organoleptic quality. Mocaf flour was chosen because it is gluten-free, low glycemic index and locally sourced, while rye flour is rich in fiber, anthocyanin and antioxidant pigments and is beneficial for health. This study used an experimental design with three variations of mocaf proportions: rye (75:25, 50:50, 25:75) and two processing methods. Hedonic organoleptic tests were conducted by 36 panelists on aroma, taste, texture and overall reception on a likert scale of 1-7. The results showed that the processing method and the proportion of flour had a significant effect on organoleptic quality. Steamed brownies have a softer texture, while baked produce a stronger aroma and flavor. The 50:50 ratio achieves the best balance across all sensory metrics.  

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, emotions, and behavior, with auditory hallucinations being the most common symptom. This study aims to describe the nursing care process for patients with paranoid schizophrenia experiencing sensory perception disturbances, specifically auditory hallucinations. The research applied a descriptive case study design conducted in Dewaruci Ward, RSJD dr. Amino Gondohutomo, Central Java Province, from October to December 2024. Data were collected through interviews, direct observation, and medical record review, then analyzed using thematic analysis based on Miles and Huberman’s framework. The findings revealed that the patient was able to gradually reduce the intensity of auditory hallucinations and showed improvement in social interactions after nursing interventions, including identification of hallucinations, distraction techniques, therapeutic communication, and collaboration in pharmacological treatment. Family involvement also played an essential role in supporting the patient’s recovery process. This study implies that comprehensive nursing care based on bio-psycho-socio-spiritual approaches and family participation is effective in managing hallucinations and enhancing patient outcomes.

The DH Building of the Electrical Engineering Study Program at Udayana University faces significant challenges in energy efficiency, as it still relies on conventional electrical systems. User negligence, such as forgetting to switch off lights and air conditioners (AC) after use, often results in unnecessary energy waste and increased operational costs. This issue highlights the urgent need for smart solutions capable of automating energy management, reducing waste caused by human error, and supporting the creation of a more efficient and sustainable campus environment. To address this problem, this study designs and implements a smart building system based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The system employs a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller as the main processing unit, integrated with a series of sensors including a DHT22 sensor for monitoring temperature and humidity, an MQ2 sensor for smoke detection, a PIR sensor for motion detection, and a PZEM-004T sensor for monitoring energy consumption. Control of electronic devices such as lights and AC units is carried out both automatically and manually through relay modules connected to the system. All sensor data and control functions are accessed via a web interface developed using the Laravel framework and a MySQL database. The testing results indicate that the designed system was successfully implemented and functions as expected. Sensor testing demonstrated high accuracy compared to standard measuring instruments, while the electronic device control system achieved an average response time of approximately 3.6 seconds, proving its reliability. Overall, the system provides a comprehensive solution for energy consumption monitoring and control, while also enhancing comfort and safety in the DH Building, in line with the goals of energy efficiency and facility modernization.