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The development of information technology has driven culinary business operators to adapt through digital transformation. This study aims to describe the implementation of digital transformation in the operational processes of online-based culinary businesses in Medan City. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were obtained through in-depth interviews and direct observations of five online culinary business owners. The results indicate that these businesses utilize various digital platforms such as GoFood, GrabFood, ShopeeFood, WhatsApp Business, and social media for daily operations, promotions, and customer services. Digital transformation has proven to improve operational efficiency and expand market reach, although it still faces challenges such as limited digital literacy and software costs. This study recommends the need for digital literacy training, strengthening of internet infrastructure, the development of local digital platforms, and further research on the impact of digital transformation on the performance of online culinary businesses.

This research discusses Process Theology as a theological perspective that understands God and the world as aspects of a process that continues to change and develop. In the midst of a diverse and diverse modern society, Process Theology provides an inclusive framework to facilitate positive interfaith dialogue. Through a literature review, this research explains the main principles of Process Theology and how their application can support the creation of harmony and tolerance between various religious groups. This approach emphasizes the importance of respecting diversity and universal values ​​that exist in various religious traditions. The findings of this research indicate that Process Theology can be an effective foundation for reducing divisions due to religion and strengthening solidarity in society. This study contributes to the development of theological thinking that is relevant to the challenges of plurality and diversity in the modern era.

The production process is a crucial aspect in ink formulation, especially violet spot color inks for gravure printing applications, which cannot be accurately reproduced through conventional process printing systems (CMYK). This research aims to optimize the production parameters of violet gravure inks that often exhibit color instability due to delays in the grinding and adjusting stages. The main focus of this research is to analyze the effect of variations in grinding duration, post-grinding aging time, and the amount of raw material on ink color yield, which is evaluated based on density, CIE Lab*, and ΔE parameters. The methodology used was a descriptive experiment on a laboratory scale. The results showed that the optimal treatment combination of grinding for 90 minutes, aging for 48 hours, and the use of 400 grams of material (P3K2L4) produced the highest density value (1.858) and ΔE (0.572), indicating color stability despite quantity variations. This finding indicates that optimization of grinding and aging time contributes to the improvement of pigment dispersion homogeneity and thermal stability of the resin, even without direct measurement of the transition glass temperature (Tg) value.

Daun meniran dan daun kenikir adalah tanaman herbal yang bermanfaat dalam menyembuhkan luka sayat. Manfaat tersebut didukung senyawa yang terkandung didalam daun meniran dan daun kenikir yaitu saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, steroid, terpenoid. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat kecepatan proses penyembuhan luka sayatan dengan menggunakan gel kombinasi ekstrak daun meniran dan daun kenikir. Hewan percobaan yang digunakan berupa tikus putih jantan, berjumlah 25 ekor dengan masing-masing kelompok perlakuan berjumlah 5 ekor yaitu kelompok kontrol positif (Bioplacenton®), kontrol negatif (basis), dan kelompok perlakuan variasi kombinasi ekstrak daun meniran : daun kenikir (10%:15%,15% :10%,20%:5%). Pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 hari, kemudian data yang didapatkan diolah dengan One Way Anova dan post hock test tukey. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian menunjukkan formula yang mampu memberikan kesembuhan luka paling cepat adalah formula 1 dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun meniran : daun kenikir 10%:15%, yaitu pada hari ke 4.

The process of Islam entering the archipelago has a long and interesting history to study. It is estimated that Islam entered the archipelago in the 7th century AD to the 13th century AD. The process of Islamization in the archipelago took place peacefully, where its spread emphasized the spiritual and ethical aspects of life, so that society could accept it well. The routes used were also very diverse, ranging from trade, marriage, politics to art and culture. In addition to these routes, the spread of Islam was also supported by the role of Islamic kingdoms such as the Samudra Pasai Kingdom, the Aceh Kingdom to the Demak Kingdom. With various routes and roles of the kingdom, Islam developed and took root in the archipelago. However, when Islam actually entered the archipelago is still a question to this day. These theories have historical evidence that supports their opinions, so that various theories have developed that explain the beginning of Islam entering the archipelago. These theories include the Gujarat Theory, the Arab Theory, the Persian Theory and the Chinese Theory.

This study aims to analyze the teacher's style in the SKI learning process at MTs Al-Jam'iyatul Washliyah Tembung and its impact on learning effectiveness. The main focus of this study is to understand how the teaching style used by teachers affects students' participation and understanding in SKI lessons.This study uses a qualitative research method using observation methods, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. The subjects of the study consisted of SKI teachers at MTs Al-Jam’iyatul Washliyah Tembung and students who participated in the SKI learning process. The results of this study indicate that the teaching styles of SKI teachers can be categorized into three main approaches, namely instructional, motivational, and adaptive. The instructional approach emphasizes providing clear techniques and strategies to ensure that students understand the material well. The motivational approach aims to encourage students' enthusiasm for learning, increase their involvement during learning, and inspire self-confidence. Meanwhile, the adaptive approach is used to adjust teaching methods to the needs and characteristics of each individual.

Abstract. Language acquisition and learning are two fundamental processes in the development of individual language skills, where language acquisition occurs naturally from an early age through interaction with the environment, while language learning takes place in a structured manner through formal teaching methods. This article aims to analyze the principles of language learning, age differences in language learning, and supporting factors that influence the effectiveness of language acquisition. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach, and data is obtained from academic journals, research articles, and relevant literature. The results of the study indicate that children are superior in language learning compared to adults, especially in terms of speed and flexibility in absorbing new languages. By understanding the dynamics of language acquisition and learning, teaching methods can be adjusted to increase the effectiveness of language acquisition. Abstrak. Pemerolehan dan pembelajaran bahasa merupakan dua proses fundamental dalam perkembangan kemampuan berbahasa individu, di mana pemerolehan bahasa terjadi secara alami sejak usia dini melalui interaksi dengan lingkungan, sedangkan pembelajaran bahasa berlangsung secara terstruktur melalui metode pengajaran formal. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran bahasa, perbedaan usia dalam pembelajaran bahasa, serta faktor pendukung yang mempengaruhi efektivitas penguasaan bahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka (library research), dan data diperoleh dari jurnal akademik, artikel penelitian, dan literatur yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak lebih unggul dalam pembelajaran bahasa dibandingkan orang dewasa, terutama dalam aspek kecepatan dan fleksibilitas dalam menyerap bahasa baru. Dengan memahami dinamika pemerolehan dan pembelajaran bahasa, metode pengajaran dapat disesuaikan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penguasaan bahasa.

Early Childhood Education (PAUD) is a crucial stage in shaping children's character and personality. This study aims to identify the characteristics of early childhood and analyze the role of teachers in supporting children's character development through an observational approach. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with direct observation techniques in one of the Kindergartens in Gorontalo City. The results of the observation show that early childhood has unique characteristics, such as spontaneity, high curiosity, and egocentric tendencies. However, challenges were also found in character development, such as lack of independence and unstable emotions. Teachers have a strategic role in overcoming these challenges through an individual approach, effective communication, and the creation of a conducive learning environment. The strategies implemented include providing examples of positive behavior, routine habits, and play activities that support children's character development. This study emphasizes the importance of a deep understanding of the characteristics of early childhood by educators to create an effective and enjoyable learning process, as well as to shape children's characters who are independent and emotionally stable.

Inclusive education seeks to ensure equal learning opportunities for all students, including those with special needs such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Students with ADHD often struggle with concentration, self-regulation, and social interaction, which can hinder their ability to thrive in mainstream classroom settings. As a result, the role of a shadow teacher as a personal aide becomes crucial. This article explores effective strategies to support students with ADHD through the involvement of shadow teachers in an inclusive educational environment, with a specific focus on SD Muhammadiyah Manyar Gresik. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study highlights various forms of support—academic assistance, behavioral intervention, and socio-emotional guidance—while emphasizing the importance of collaboration among shadow teachers, classroom educators, and parents. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results suggest that skilled and well-supported shadow teachers play a significant role in helping students with ADHD adjust to and succeed in inclusive learning setting.

Inclusive education seeks to ensure equal learning opportunities for all students, including those with special needs such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Students with ADHD often struggle with concentration, self-regulation, and social interaction, which can hinder their ability to thrive in mainstream classroom settings. As a result, the role of a shadow teacher as a personal aide becomes crucial. This article explores effective strategies to support students with ADHD through the involvement of shadow teachers in an inclusive educational environment, with a specific focus on SD Muhammadiyah Manyar Gresik. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study highlights various forms of support—academic assistance, behavioral intervention, and socio-emotional guidance—while emphasizing the importance of collaboration among shadow teachers, classroom educators, and parents. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results suggest that skilled and well-supported shadow teachers play a significant role in helping students with ADHD adjust to and succeed in inclusive learning setting.

The learning environment plays a strategic role in determining the quality of the teaching and learning process, particularly for fifth-grade elementary school students who are at a crucial stage of cognitive and social development. This study aims to analyze the influence of the learning environment on the effectiveness of learning in Grade V of elementary school using a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review. The learning environment examined includes physical aspects (such as facilities, classroom layout, and lighting) as well as non-physical aspects (such as social interaction, emotional atmosphere, and teacher support). The findings reveal that a conducive learning environment significantly enhances students’ motivation, engagement, and academic achievement. These results are supported by Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s constructivist theories, as well as Bandura’s social learning theory, which emphasize the importance of interaction between learners and their environment in constructing knowledge and skills. The study recommends strong collaboration among schools, teachers, and education stakeholders to create a holistic, safe, and supportive learning environment that fosters students’ academic and personal development.

Many fishery products come from fishing and cultivation, saltwater and freshwater fisheries, so a preservation process is needed to maintain the condition of the fish so that it remains good when marketed. In addition, it can increase the economic value of fish. In the Indonesian fisheries industry, various types of preservation, including freeze drying, are drying processes using vacuum pressure and cold temperatures. The freeze-drying process utilizes the phased nature of water to convert solid (frozen) forms into water vapor (gas) at a certain pressure and temperature. The vacuum pressure used ranges from -60.3 cmHg to -71.6 cmHg, and the mass of the fish ranges from 94 grams to 136 grams. The type of research is quantitative and uses experimental methods. The result is in the form of a remaining moisture content percentage of 40% in dried fish according to SNI standard No. 827300:2023. The Respone Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to process the data in this study. From the study, the best value of vacuum pressure was -66 cmHg and mass 102.5417 with a final result of 40%.

This study aims to understand the dynamics of intercultural communication in the adaptation process of interethnic marriages between Javanese and Madurese couples in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. The primary focus is on how couples from different cultural backgrounds develop communication patterns and adjust to one another in their household life. This research employs a qualitative approach using a phenomenological design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with three interethnic couples who have been married for more than two years. The findings reveal that communication within interethnic households is adaptive and context-dependent. Indonesian is predominantly used as the main language of interaction, serving as a neutral medium easily understood by both parties, while regional languages are preserved for specific cultural situations. Challenges in communication arise from differences in emotional expression and communication styles, which often lead to misunderstandings, especially during the early stages of marriage. However, couples who engage in open and respectful communication are able to overcome these differences and create a harmonious relationship. Cultural adaptation is also reflected in parenting practices, division of household roles, and interactions with extended families. Support from extended families significantly contributes to the process of cultural acceptance. In conclusion, interethnic marriages between Javanese and Madurese couples represent an ongoing negotiation of values and the formation of a new, inclusive family identity through mutual understanding and culturally respectful communication.

Konsep nafs dalam Al-Qur’an memiliki peran signifikan dalam memahami struktur kejiwaan dan spiritualitas manusia. Dalam psikologi Islam, nafs sering dikaitkan dengan dinamika batiniah yang memengaruhi perilaku dan pembentukan karakter seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji makna nafs dalam Al-Qur’an melalui pendekatan semantik dan mengaitkannya dengan dimensi psikologis serta spiritual dalam proses pembentukan karakter. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Analisis semantik dilakukan terhadap ayat-ayat yang mengandung kata nafs, kemudian diklasifikasikan berdasarkan konteks linguistik dan teologisnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makna nafs dalam Al-Qur’an dapat dikategorikan ke dalam beberapa dimensi, seperti nafs ammarah (jiwa yang memerintah pada kejahatan), nafs lawwamah (jiwa yang mencela), dan nafs mutma’innah (jiwa yang tenang). Ketiga dimensi ini mencerminkan perjalanan spiritual dan psikologis manusia menuju penyempurnaan diri. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan tafsir tematik Al-Qur’an, serta memperkaya khazanah psikologi Islam dalam kerangka pembentukan karakter yang holistik dan transendental.

Dunia pendidikan telah dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh pertumbuhan teknologi digital, khususnya upaya dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Tujuan dari kajian ini untuk efektivitas penggunaan media digital sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan motivasi siswa sekolah dasar untuk belajar melalui metode literature review. Sebanyak 10 artikel ilmiah terbitan tahun 2020–2025 yang relevan dikaji secara mendalam menggunakan pendekatan naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media digital seperti E-LKPD, buku digital, video pembelajaran interaktif, aplikasi kuis edukatif, serta platform digital lainnya terbukti mampu membangun lingkungan belajar yang menarik, menyenangkan, dan partisipatif. Media tersebut meningkatkan partisipasi aktif, perhatian, dan semangat siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Selain itu, motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik siswa mengalami peningkatan karena penyajian materi yang lebih visual, fleksibel, dan kontekstual. Namun demikian, tantangan masih ditemukan, terutama terkait keterbatasan infrastruktur dan kompetensi guru dalam mengintegrasikan teknologi. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini menitikberatkan betapa pentingnya pengembangan kemampuan guru, penyediaan fasilitas teknologi yang memadai, dan pengembangan media pembelajaran digital yang adaptif dan inovatif. Harapan dari kajian ini sebagai referensi dalam perumusan kebijakan pendidikan serta strategi pembelajaran yang relevan dengan kebutuhan generasi digital masa kini.

This study aims to analyze the process of planning, recruitment, and placement of Human Resources (HR) at Saudara Jaya Tofu Factory. The availability of quality HR is a crucial factor in supporting operational effectiveness and achieving organizational goals, especially in small-scale manufacturing industries such as tofu factories. The research methods used are in-depth interviews with owners/managers and key employees, and direct observation of daily activities related to HR management in the factory environment. The results of the study indicate that the HR planning process at Saudara Jaya Tofu Factory tends to be informal and based on immediate needs, not long-term projections. Recruitment is mostly done through recommendations from existing employees or word of mouth in the surrounding environment, with selection criteria that focus on work experience and willingness to learn. Employee placement is done flexibly, adjusting to daily production needs and observed individual abilities. Nevertheless, it was found that this informal approach was quite effective in meeting the operational needs of Saudara Jaya Tofu Factory, considering the relatively simple scale of the business and characteristics of the work.

Interpersonal communication is a type of communication that is often encountered and used in daily activities. Likewise, this type of communication is used in the design creation process, especially in interactions between graphic designers and clients. In practice, graphic designers often face challenges in understanding client needs, processing ideas, and making creative decisions. Challenges that often arise in the design process include mismatching client expectations, inconsistent requests, misunderstandings in translating client needs into designs, as well as various other external challenges that can influence design results. Phenomenon in the field shows that designers often experience internal conflict when balancing creativity with client requests. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of intrapersonal communication in the design process is crucial in order to produce work that meets the client's expectations without sacrificing creativity and aesthetic value in a graphic design.

Burns are tissue damage or loss that occurs due to direct exposure to heat sources such as fire, hot liquids or fats, hot steam, radiation, electricity, or chemicals. The process of healing burns is a complex and long-lasting process and involves a repair process that depends on the immune system, there are three stages, namely: inflammation, formation of granulation tissue (proliferation), and remodeling (which can result in scarring). Research objectives and methods to determine the role of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in the burn wound healing process by searching both international and national literature using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Elsevier. Based on the results of a literature study from several journals, 3 research journals were obtained that discussed several plants that contain substances that can act as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in the process of healing burns. The following are the results of screening of the journals, including betel leaves (Piper betleLinn.), Aloe Vera (Aloe Vera), Binahong Leaves (Anredera Cordifolia Tenn) have phenolic compounds contained in them, namely flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, essential oils, saponins, monoterpenes, polyphenols, and steroids that have the potential as antioxidants, antibacterials, anti-have very good effects in the advanced phase, proliferation phase and remodeling phase which play an important role in reducing, shortening, changing the size of the wound edge distance and accelerating wound healing. Based on the results of the review of these journals, it proves the role of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in the process of healing burns.

A Caesarean section, or C-section, is a surgical procedure where a baby is delivered through an incision made in the mother’s abdomen and uterus. To aid the healing of post-Caesarean wounds, mothers need not only antibiotics but also a diet that provides high-quality nutrition and adequate calories. The research question being investigated is: "Do Age, Parity, Education, and Occupation Affect the Healing Process of Post-Caesarean Wound Stitches?" This study uses a quasi-experimental design with a Post-test Only Control Group Design. The study population includes mothers who had a C-section at Pemalang Hospital. Participants were divided into two groups: 49 received catfish extract tablets (the experimental group), and 49 received standard wound care (the control group). Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling techniques. Data were analyzed through both univariate and bivariate methods. The results showed a p value of 0.000 for the experimental group and 0.046 for the control group (both p values < 0.05), indicating that catfish extract tablets significantly influence the healing process of post-Caesarean wound stitches..

The main issue faced by BSI Farm is the suboptimal quality control at each stage of hydroponic kale production, resulting in inconsistent product quality. This study aims to analyze the quality of hydroponic kale products at BSI Farm using the input-process-output (IPO) approach. The analysis covers all stages of production, from the selection of superior seeds, nutrient and water management, cultivation using the NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) system, to harvesting and packaging. The results show that the implementation of strict quality control at each stage successfully produces fresh, clean, pesticide-free kale that meets modern market standards. Production waste is managed through a grading system and utilized as animal feed to minimize environmental impact. The main challenges include pest attacks, plant diseases, and inconsistent harvests due to a lack of standardized procedures. However, these can be addressed through regular monitoring, appropriate use of pesticides and fungicides, and consistent implementation of cultivation SOPs.