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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) producing bags play an important role in the regional economy, but still face problems in financial management, particularly cash flow planning. The main problem faced by SME partners producing bags in Cipamokolan Village, Rancasari District, Bandung City, is the lack of comprehensive cash flow planning, which has the potential to cause liquidity problems. This community service activity aims to improve the understanding and skills of bag SME  in preparing a simple cash budget and encouraging its sustainable implementation. The methods used include training and mentoring with stages of problem identification, material delivery, cash budget preparation practice, and evaluation. The results of the activity show an increase in partners' understanding of cash planning, their ability to prepare a simple cash budget, and their commitment to implementing a cash budget in their daily business financial management. This activity is expected to improve cash flow control and support the sustainability of bag SME businesses

This study aims to determine the effect of implementing the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on student learning outcomes in the Ignition System competency at SMKN 1 Katapang. The background of this study stems from the low understanding of students regarding the ignition system material due to the dominant use of the Teacher-Centered Learning (TCL) model, which tends to make students passive and only memorize concepts without understanding the overall working process. PBL is considered more relevant because it emphasizes real problem-solving, critical thinking, collaboration, and analysis according to constructivist theory. The method used is a quasi-experiment with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The research subjects consist of two classes of 11th-grade Light Vehicle Engineering students: an experimental group using the PBL model and a control group using TCL, with a total population of 70 students. Data collection was done through pretests and posttests using a validated multiple-choice objective test instrument. Data analysis includes comparing the learning outcome improvements of both groups to determine the effectiveness of PBL. The results show a more significant improvement in learning outcomes in the class using the PBL model compared to the TCL class. This proves that the implementation of PBL is effective in improving analysis skills and diagnostic skills in the ignition system. Therefore, PBL is recommended as a more suitable teaching model for practice-based subjects in vocational schools, especially in automotive electrical competencies.

Senior high school students represent a strategic age group transitioning into adulthood and are expected to become future leaders of the nation. In the context of achieving Indonesia’s Vision 2045, threats to national resilience are no longer dominated by military aggression, but rather by non-military challenges in the form of cognitive warfare. One prominent manifestation of this threat is the massive exposure of students to low-value digital content, commonly referred to as brain rot, on social media platforms. Such content has the potential to reduce attention span, critical thinking ability, and national awareness among adolescents. Consequently, senior high school students have become a vulnerable group in the spread of misinformation, disinformation, and ideologies that contradict Pancasila values. This community service activity aims to provide training and strengthen national defense character (bela negara) among senior high school students in Jakarta through an educational and participatory approach. The methods employed include the delivery of conceptual materials on national defense awareness and digital literacy, as well as national defense debate simulations designed to enhance students’ critical, argumentative, and ethical thinking skills. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of national defense values and their ability to express logical and responsible arguments. This activity is expected to contribute to the development of a resilient, critical, and nationally-minded young generation capable of facing contemporary challenges in the digital era.

This study aims to examine and compare various findings from previous research on the effectiveness of online learning among university students in higher education settings in order to obtain a comprehensive general conclusion. The research method employed is a literature review using a content analysis approach of scholarly publications published between 2019 and 2025. The data sources include relevant national and international journal articles focusing on online learning in higher education. The results of the review indicate that the effectiveness of online learning is influenced by three interrelated main factors. Psychological factors include learning motivation, students’ perceptions of online learning, and the emotional conditions experienced during the learning process. Pedagogical factors encompass lecturers’ creativity in designing learning activities, the selection of appropriate teaching methods, and the use of interactive and varied learning media. Meanwhile, technical or environmental factors include the availability and ease of access to learning platforms, the quality of internet connectivity, and supportive learning environments. Online learning offers several positive impacts, such as flexibility in learning time, cost efficiency, and enhanced student experience in utilizing digital technology. However, it also has the potential to generate negative effects, including boredom, stress, and difficulties in understanding course material when technical barriers are not resolved and learning activities are monotonous. Therefore, optimal management of psychological, pedagogical, and technical factors is essential to improve the effectiveness of online learning for university students.

This community service activity aims to socialize the development of Human Resource (HR) competencies in the Fashion Design Department at SMK Al Ihsan to face the transformation of the fashion industry based on digital technology. The main challenge faced is the gap (mismatch) between the school curriculum, which still focuses on conventional production techniques, and the needs of an industry that is now digital and automated. The method used in this activity is a participatory and educational approach that includes four stages: needs observation, delivery of theoretical material (lecturing), focused group discussions (FGD) accompanied by application demonstrations, and evaluation. The results of the activity show an increase in participants' understanding of concepts such as eco-fashion, the creative economy, as well as the introduction of digital technologies like 3D design applications (CLO3D) and digital pattern making. Through the integration of four competency pillars hard skills, soft skills, digital skills, and entrepreneurial skills it is expected that graduate profiles can transform from operational seamstresses into competitive fashionpreneurs in the global market. The conclusion of this activity emphasizes that the Link and Match strategy and mastery of technological literacy are key to effectively reducing the skills gap of students in the Industry 4.0 era.

The lack of awareness regarding the emotional impact of bullying remains a persistent issue in schools. It hinders students’ ability to build self-confidence, form healthy social relationships, and reach their full academic potential. In response to this concern, an anti-bullying training program was implemented at a junior high school (SMP Gembala Baik Pontianak). The program aimed to enhance students’ understanding of different forms of bullying and their consequences, while also promoting active participation in fostering a safe and supportive school environment. The training employed a multi-phase approach: material preparation, interactive presentations, group discussions, empathy-building exercises, and evaluation through questionnaires and behavioural observation. The results were notable: 98.91% of participants demonstrated improved understanding of bullying and its serious effects, while 73.11% reported increased confidence in reporting bullying incidents. Furthermore, 95.69% of students acknowledged that the training helped them appreciate the importance of embracing diversity and creating a safe environment. Additionally, 83.87% felt more motivated to show empathy toward their peers. These findings suggest that effective bullying prevention extends beyond information delivery—it must also engage students emotionally and instill a sense of personal responsibility. Similar programs are recommended to be held regularly with updated and contextually relevant materials.

This study aims to analyze teachers' teaching strategies in improving the quality of science learning for upper grade students (IV, V, and VI) at the SD Inpres Perumnas II Makassar. The results show that teachers implement various strategies including selecting approaches that suit students' needs, using a variety of learning methods, actively involving students in learning activities, utilizing media that support conceptual understanding, and implementing continuous evaluation to assess learning success. All of these strategies complement each other and help create more engaging, understandable, and relevant science learning for students. Research findings also revealed that the choice of teaching strategy is influenced by several important factors: student characteristics, the characteristics of the science material being taught, the availability of learning media and facilities, the learning environment, and the desired learning objectives. These five factors serve as the basis for teachers to determine the most appropriate strategy, ensuring a more effective, focused learning process that enhances students' understanding of the material. Furthermore, this study identified several challenges teachers face in implementing science teaching strategies, such as diverse student abilities, time constraints, a lack of supporting media and facilities, sub-conducive classroom conditions, and uneven student motivation. These challenges require teachers to be creative and adapt strategies to ensure learning objectives are achieved and the quality of science instruction continues to improve.

The increasingly competitive world of work demands that workers possess not only technical competence but also a sound understanding of professional ethics. Students at the Mitra Sauri Job Training Institute (LPK), as prospective workers, need to be equipped with professional ethical values to enable them to behave professionally, responsibly, and with integrity in the workplace. This Community Service activity aims to improve students' understanding of professional ethics as a preparation for entering the workforce. The activity implementation method includes counseling, interactive lectures, discussions, and case studies related to the application of professional ethics in the workplace. The material presented includes the definition of professional ethics, professional attitudes and behavior, work discipline, responsibility, and communication ethics in the workplace. Evaluation of the activity was carried out through questions and answers and measuring participants' understanding before and after the activity. The results of the activity showed an increase in students' understanding of the importance of professional ethics and their awareness to apply it in the workplace. It is hoped that this activity can contribute to developing human resources who are work-ready, professional, and ethical.

Indonesian language learning in elementary schools, especially on figurative language, still faces various problems, such as difficult to understand material, limited learning media, and low student interest and understanding. This is also experienced by fifth-grade students of SD 1 Mlati Lor who have difficulty recognizing types of figurative language and understanding their meaning well in context. This study aims to develop an interactive flipbook media about figurative language that highlights the local wisdom of North Sulawesi and test its feasibility and practicality for semantic learning. The method used in this study is research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects were fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 1 Mlati Lor. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, validation by material and media experts, questionnaires for teachers and students, and learning outcome tests. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive approaches. The results of the study indicate that the interactive flipbook media inspired by the local wisdom of North Sulawesi was considered very valid by experts. Furthermore, practicality testing demonstrated that teachers and students responded in the "very practical" category, indicating that the media was easy to use and well-received in learning. The application of local cultural elements has been shown to help students understand figurative language concepts more clearly and meaningfully. Therefore, the developed flipbook can be used as an alternative Indonesian language learning medium to improve students' semantic understanding and cultural knowledge in elementary schools.

Micro-entrepreneurs, particularly small grocery shop owners, commonly encounter challenges in managing business finances and implementing effective marketing strategies. Limited skills in financial recordkeeping often make it difficult for business owners to accurately monitor cash flow and assess their financial condition, which may lead to suboptimal business decisions. In addition, the utilization of digital technology as a marketing tool remains limited, thereby restricting opportunities for market expansion. This community service program aims to strengthen the capacity of micro-enterprises in applying practical basic financial management and optimizing digital platforms for product promotion. The program also seeks to increase awareness of the importance of structured financial management as a foundation for sustainable business development. The activities were conducted through several stages, including the delivery of material on the significance of financial recording, hands-on training sessions, mentoring in preparing simple financial records, and digital marketing simulations using WhatsApp Business and various social media platforms. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding and skills in recording income and expenses, managing business capital more systematically, and utilizing digital features to support promotional activities. Furthermore, participants demonstrated a more positive attitude toward the adoption of technology in their daily business operations. Overall, this program is expected to enhance financial independence, support sustainable business growth, and expand the marketing reach of micro-enterprises

The utilization of digital technology in the Industry 4.0 era has become crucial for vocational high school (SMK) students to build economic independence. However, partners at SMKN 1 Selo still face obstacles in optimizing social media and digital platforms as effective promotional tools for student work and self-development. This community service activity aims to enhance students' understanding and skills in using social media (Instagram, TikTok) and other digital platforms as creative marketing instruments. The method employed is a descriptive qualitative approach through participatory training, which includes material presentation on digital branding strategies, visual content creation practices, and copywriting techniques. The results of the activity indicate a significant improvement in students' technical abilities, where they demonstrated the capacity to produce engaging promotional content and understand social media algorithms to reach a wider audience. This study aims to describe the process and impact of utilizing social media and digital platforms as promotional tools for SMKN 1 Selo students. The primary focus of this activity is to provide a deep understanding of personal branding strategies and creative product marketing in the digital age. Through this program, it is expected that SMKN 1 Selo students will possess higher digital competitiveness and the ability to leverage the digital ecosystem to support the promotion of vocational products and their professional profiles in the future.

Financial literacy is a crucial competency for today’s young generation, especially Gen Z, who are currently in the midst of the development of financial technology. However, the level of financial literacy among vocational and high school students is still relatively low, including students at SMK Negeri 1 Musuk. This community service activity, which includes outreach activities, aims to provide and improve students’ understanding and also change students’ attitudes towards financial literacy so they can manage their finances well, wisely, and responsibly. The method used in this outreach activity is a qualitative method with a type of outreach activity consisting of several stages or sessions: the first is the observation session, the second is the activity planning, and the third is the implementation of the outreach activity. This activity was carried out on December 5, 2025, with 30 participants from class XI AKL 1 participating in this activity. The material presented consisted of the definition of financial literacy, factors, impacts, financial management strategies, as well as case studies or real examples of financial literacy. The results of this activity indicate that there is an increase in students’ understanding in learning financial literacy material, marked by students’ enthusiasm to listen and focus on the material presented. Not to mention, there were quite positive results from this activity: the students became more active in learning, as evidenced by the way they answered the questions I posed. This activity had a very positive impact on the younger generation, fostering awareness of the importance of financial literacy for their future.

Student organizations in schools play an important role as social institutions that support character building and the development of students’ social and leadership skills. However, in practice, many students still perceive school organizations merely as formal or administrative activities, resulting in low participation and limited understanding of their educational value. This condition highlights the need for socialization activities that emphasize meaningful organizational learning. This community service activity aims to strengthen students’ understanding of the role of school organizations as social learning spaces. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed involving 30 eleventh-grade students at SMK Muhammadiyah 04 Boyolali. Data were collected through observation, discussion notes, and students’ responses during interactive sessions.The activity was conducted through teacher coordination, material preparation, material presentation, and discussion and question-and-answer sessions. The results indicate an improvement in students’ understanding of the functions and benefits of student organizations as social institutions. Students showed increased awareness of the importance of cooperation, discipline, responsibility, and communication, as well as greater motivation to actively participate in school organizations. These findings suggest that participatory and dialogical socialization is effective in promoting meaningful organizational learning and supporting students’ character development.

This study was based on the low ability of third-grade students at SD Negeri 2 Wonorejo to understand syntactic material, particularly the use of conjunctions, due to a lack of interactive and contextual learning media. This study aimed to develop EKUJARSI E-Flipbook learning media based on Kudus local wisdom that has been tested for feasibility and practicality to improve student understanding. The research method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. The test subjects included subject matter experts, media experts, classroom teachers, and third-grade students. Data collection instruments used validation sheets and user response questionnaires. The results showed that the EKUJARSI media was highly valid for use, as evidenced by a validation percentage of 89.6% from media experts and 86.15% from subject matter experts. The practicality test also showed positive responses, with teachers giving a score of 80% and students giving a score of 85.9%, which is considered very feasible. Specific findings show that the ease of use aspect received a perfect score of 100% from students, indicating that this media is very user-friendly. It is concluded that the EKUJARSI E-Flipbook is feasible and practical to be implemented as an innovative learning media that effectively integrates local cuisine to facilitate understanding of language concepts.

The objective of this study is to comprehensively examine and analyze the influence of microstructure on the mechanical properties of metallic materials. Microstructure is known to play a crucial role in determining the mechanical behavior of metals; therefore, a thorough understanding of this relationship is essential for the development of engineering materials. This study adopts a systematic literature review approach, employing descriptive analysis and meta-analysis of recent scientific publications obtained from various reputable academic databases. The analysis results indicate that microstructure is a significant determinant of the mechanical characteristics of metallic materials, including strength, ductility, and resistance to deformation. The most influential microstructural parameters include grain size, phase distribution, crystallographic orientation, dislocation density, and the presence and characteristics of precipitates. Among these parameters, grain size has been shown to be the most dominant factor. The Hall–Petch strengthening mechanism demonstrates that grain refinement can increase the tensile strength of materials by approximately 200 to 300 percent. In addition, materials with multi-phase microstructures, such as dual-phase steels and TRIP steels, exhibit an excellent combination of strength and ductility compared to single-phase materials. Based on the meta-analysis results, each metallic material system exhibits a trade-off between strength and ductility, whereby an increase in strength is generally accompanied by a reduction in ductility. These findings indicate that achieving an optimal combination of mechanical properties for specific application requirements necessitates a comprehensive and integrated microstructural engineering approach.

Technology-based learning media have now become a primary choice in supporting the learning process in elementary schools, in line with the development of the digital era and the growing demand for more innovative learning approaches. The utilization of technology in education is expected to enhance the quality of teaching and learning processes and encourage active student engagement. One technology-based learning medium considered effective and engaging is BrainPOP, a digital learning platform that presents educational content through interactive animated videos, quizzes, simulations, and various supporting activities designed to suit the characteristics of elementary school students. The selection of BrainPOP is based on its advantages in increasing students’ learning interest, facilitating the understanding of abstract concepts by making them more concrete, and enhancing students’ motivation and retention of learning materials. The visual, communicative, and interactive presentation of content enables students to learn in a more enjoyable and less monotonous manner. This medium is capable of creating an engaging, effective, and student-centered learning atmosphere, thereby fostering an active, creative, and enjoyable learning environment. Therefore, the use of BrainPOP in the learning process is expected not only to improve students’ learning outcomes but also to optimally and sustainably develop their interest, motivation, and engagement in learning.

This study was conducted to examine the level of implementation of Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) at Kedai Nduy, a micro-scale culinary business located in Depok. The basis for conducting this research is the low quality of financial records among UMKM players due to a lack of understanding of accounting, limited assistance from competent parties, and the suboptimal implementation of financial reporting standards, which are the main obstacles. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method, where data was collected through interviews, direct observation, and document searches related to transaction recording activities, sales, raw material purchases, and daily cash flow. The results of the study show that Kedai Nduy has consistently recorded transactions using a simple financial recording format using Excel tables, but the implementation does not fully comply with SAK EMKM provisions. This business entity has also not prepared the required financial statements, namely the Statement of Financial Position, Income Statement, and Notes to the Financial Statements. The main obstacles faced are limited understanding of accounting, lack of time available to business owners, and the unavailability of technical assistance and accounting training. Nevertheless, simple record keeping still provides benefits, particularly in monitoring sales, purchasing, and daily cash flow activities. Therefore, this study recommends accounting training, the use of SAK EMKM-based applications or templates, and ongoing assistance to improve the quality of financial recording and reporting in accordance with applicable standards.

Learning the Qur'an in Islamic Elementary Schools requires an approach that emphasizes not only reading skills but also understanding the meaning and internalizing the Qur'anic values ​​contextually. However, learning practices that are still dominated by conventional methods have the potential to reduce student engagement and interest in learning, especially in narrative materials such as animal stories in the Qur'an. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Qur'anic Magic Cards media as a learning medium for animals in the Qur'an in increasing the understanding and interest in learning of students in Islamic Elementary Schools. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the use of the Qur'anic Magic Cards media can help students understand the meaning of verses more concretely, increase active involvement during learning, and foster interest in learning the Qur'anic material. This media also contributes to creating a fun, contextual, and meaningful learning atmosphere, so that the messages of the Qur'an are not only understood textually but also internalized in the learning process. Thus, the Magic Quran Cards can be used as an innovative and relevant alternative Quranic learning medium for implementation in Islamic Elementary Schools (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah).

This Community Service (PkM) activity was implemented in the form of an entrepreneurship seminar. This seminar strategically raised the theme "Changing the Mindset Shift from Follower to Owner", with the crucial aim of facilitating a paradigm shift in participants from mere passive consumers or followers to active and empowered business owners (owners). The implementation of PkM is based on the reality of the high unemployment rate among educated people and the urgency of global economic challenges that demand mental transformation and strengthening of practical skills. The main target group of this activity included students of entrepreneurship study programs from various universities in East Java as well as representatives of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) operating in the Gresik area, ensuring the relevance of the material to academic and practical needs. This seminar featured two credible expert speakers in the field of entrepreneurship. The implementation method focused on interactive delivery of material, followed by a focused discussion session to maximize knowledge absorption. The results achieved showed a significant increase in understanding among participants, not only regarding the importance of instilling an entrepreneurial mindset but also mastery of practical aspects of business, including digital marketing implementation strategies and concrete steps in starting or developing a business unit. Through this intervention, PkM is expected to be able to provide a real contribution to accelerating the creation of new, innovative entrepreneurs and strengthening the sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem in East Java

The growing use of smartphones among adolescents carries a high risk of addiction, which can negatively impact physical, mental, and social well-being. To address this issue, a community service program was implemented to conduct early detection of gadget addiction among high school students and provide educational health media to raise knowledge and awareness about excessive smartphone use. The program involved 240 students of SMA Negeri 1 Tuntang and was conducted in three stages: screening, development of educational materials, and health counseling. Screening used the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale and revealed that 90% of students were classified as addicted. Prior to counseling, 81.25% of students had low levels of knowledge regarding healthy gadget use, which significantly improved after the intervention, with 83.4% achieving high knowledge levels. Health counseling proved crucial in enhancing students’ understanding and promoting responsible smartphone habits. The program highlights the importance of collaborative efforts by schools, parents, and students to limit smartphone use, encourage physical activity, and foster face-to-face social interactions to support adolescent well-being.