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The rapid development of digital technology has significantly influenced the lives of young children, affecting their cognitive, social, and emotional development. However, this advancement also presents challenges for parents in guiding their children to avoid the negative impacts of digital exposure. This article aims to explain the importance of digital literacy for parents, identify the main challenges they face in managing children’s technology use, and offer effective strategies for digital parenting. The method used is a literature review based on recent academic sources. The findings show that parents’ digital literacy plays a crucial role in shaping healthy digital behavior in early childhood. Parents with high levels of digital literacy can act as filters, facilitators, and role models in using technology wisely. Collaboration among families, educational institutions, and the government is also necessary to create a safe and supportive digital environment for children’s optimal development.

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder that disrupts cognition, emotion, perception, and behavior, significantly affecting daily functioning and social interaction. Paranoid schizophrenia, a well-recognized subtype, is characterized by persistent paranoid delusions, frequently accompanied by hallucinations—most commonly auditory—and other perceptual disturbances, often leading to unpredictable or aggressive behaviors. A 34-year-old male patient, Mr. A, was brought to Cut Meutia General Hospital on February 9, 2024, by his father and the village chief due to episodes of aggression. The patient reported that his behavior occurred because a creature was controlling his body and disturbing him. His family indicated that he had experienced similar episodes in the past and had previously been hospitalized for the same condition. Based on established clinical guidelines, he was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Pharmacological management was initiated, including risperidone, clozapine, lodemer injection, diazepam injection, divalproex, and trihexyphenidyl, targeting psychotic symptoms, agitation, and behavioral disturbances, with the aim of stabilizing his mental state, preventing further aggressive episodes, and supporting overall functional recovery.

This article analyzes women’s empowerment in the development of Pekunden Tourism Village, Banyumas District, Banyumas Regency, focusing on the role and contribution of women in tourism based on local creativity. Using Kartasasmita's (1996) empowerment framework, which includes enabling, empowering, and protection, the study collects data through interviews, observations, and documentation from key informants such as the village head, tourism awareness group, and women entrepreneurs in Oemah Batik, Oemah Manggleng, Dragon Fruit Garden, and Kampoeng Nopia Mino. The findings reveal that women’s empowerment in Pekunden Tourism Village has fostered a supportive environment, enhanced women’s capacity, and ensured business protection. Training programs and the development of local products have expanded economic opportunities, increased women’s participation in decision-making, and improved family welfare. Overall, women’s empowerment has made a significant contribution to local socioeconomic development, positioning Pekunden Tourism Village as a successful model of synergy between tourism and community empowerment. This case exemplifies the positive impact of regional autonomy in promoting local creativity and economic growth through tourism.

This article explores the concept of a “House of Faith” as a holistic educational framework designed to build students’ character based on religious values. The fundamental idea of the House of Faith is likened to a school environment that provides a comfortable and safe space for students to develop their faith and noble character through learning activities connected to religious teachings. A religious school environment is created through everyday atmospheres that encourage the practice of worship, the presence of religious symbols, and community activities that strengthen students’ spirituality. Programs to reinforce religious spirit include activities such as communal prayers, religious studies, and social projects designed to gradually enhance students’ spiritual awareness. Teachers and educational staff play a highly effective role, acting as role models and facilitators in the learning process. Their approach to instilling faith and moral values involves interactive methods such as group discussions, inspirational stories, and personal reflection, all adapted to students’ developmental stages. Collaboration between the school and parents becomes a key factor in ensuring consistent support. This is carried out through regular meetings, joint workshops, and open communication that reinforces family values. The impact of religious spirit on students can be seen in increased discipline, social empathy, emotional resilience, and stronger academic motivation. However, implementation faces challenges such as limited curriculum time, diversity of student backgrounds, and cultural resistance. These challenges are addressed through solutions, including regular teacher training, program evaluation, and the integration of technology for distance learning. Overall, the article emphasizes that a school functioning as a House of Faith can shape young generations who are not only intellectually capable but also strong in faith and morals, contributing to a more harmonious and meaningful society.

This study aims to analyze in-depth the interest of the Setro Village community in choosing PNM Mekaar Syariah financing as a source of capital for micro and small enterprises (MSMEs). This phenomenon is interesting because it shows how economic, social, and spiritual factors contribute to the financial decisions of rural communities. This research was conducted using a qualitative exploratory approach, using case studies and in-depth interviews with key informants. To explain the relationship between attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control on community intentions to choose Islamic financing, data analysis was conducted thematically. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework was also used. The study shows that positive community perceptions of ease of access, economic benefits, and compliance with Islamic principles are the main factors shaping community interest in PNM Mekaar Syariah. Fast, easy, and uncomplicated financing increases consumer trust and enhances perceived behavioral control. Conversely, increased business capital and family income enhance the sustainability of micro-enterprises. The institution is given moral legitimacy and spiritual conviction by the implemented Islamic values, such as the yield system and the freedom from usury. Community participation decisions are also driven by social factors such as group support, advice from group leaders, and the quality of service provided by field officers. Theoretically, this study adds local religiosity and socio-cultural aspects to enrich the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in the context of rural Islamic finance.

The phenomenon of children not attending school in Situhiang Village is still a serious problem that has an impact on the social, emotional, and sustainable development of children's education. This service program aims to design and implement mentoring based on the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach by involving parents, teachers, and the community as the main subjects in overcoming the causes of children not attending school. The ABCD method is used through the stages of asset mapping, expectation formulation, strategy design, action plan determination, and implementation of continuous mentoring. The results of the activity showed that the main causes of school absenteeism were related to children's negative experiences, family economic conditions, and social environmental pressures. Mentoring has succeeded in increasing parental awareness, strengthening community support, and creating a safer, more comfortable, and child-friendly learning environment. This program also fosters the collective commitment of residents to maintain the sustainability of education through the formation of education care groups. These findings confirm that community empowerment through an asset-based approach is effective in reducing children's risk of school dropouts, increasing primary education participation, and encouraging children's social inclusion in the community.

Indonesian families are currently still faced with various challenges, including the low knowledge of mothers about childcare, which can have an impact on child development. This is crucial and a sign that there is a need to improve competence as parents, therefore the Great Parents School provides a way to overcome problems in childcare practices. This study aims to explain the transformation of young mothers who have participated in the Great Parents School program. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, the informants in this study are young mothers who have undergone the Great Parents School program and accompanying facilitators, while the data collection process uses observation, interviews, and documentation with the research location in Sumbersari District, Jember Regency. The results of this study show that the empowerment process refers to the ACTORS theory, namely authority, self-confidence, trust, opportunity, responsibility, and support for mothers who have attended the Great Parents School. Mothers who have attended the Great Parents School have experienced improvements in their knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to childcare. This improvement can be seen through their understanding of the role of parents, the application of family functions such as instilling religious values, compassion, and protection, as well as the application of parenting and discipline patterns, and an understanding of communication skills. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Great Parents School serves as a bridge for mothers to become more empowered through improvements in childcare.

This research investigates integrated maritime workforce resilience and mental health management frameworks addressing post-pandemic seafarer wellbeing challenges and organizational safety culture transformation. Through qualitative analysis involving 39 stakeholders including seafarers, ship operators, mental health professionals, maritime unions, training institutions, and maritime authorities, this study examines how COVID-19 pandemic intensified mental health crises through extended contracts, shore leave restrictions, and isolation while exposing systemic inadequacies in psychological support systems. Results demonstrate that comprehensive mental health frameworks can reduce psychological distress by 55-70%, improve safety performance by 40-55%, enhance crew retention by 45-60%, and decrease incident rates by 35-50% when integrating organizational culture change, leadership competency development, predictive analytics, and culturally-adapted interventions. Key challenges include mental health stigma (affecting 65-80% of seafarers), limited organizational investment (only 18-25% adequate), service accessibility gaps, and workforce demographic diversity requiring culturally-sensitive approaches. Findings reveal that effective mental health management requires systemic organizational transformation integrating psychological wellbeing into safety management systems, work design optimization, family support programs, and career sustainability rather than treating mental health as peripheral welfare concern, supporting maritime industry's workforce retention and operational safety imperatives.

Karangtalun Village, located in Kalidawir District, Tulungagung Regency, East Java, has significant potential for developing Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) to support community-based health practices. However, the utilization of TOGA in daily health care remains limited due to a lack of knowledge and practical skills among residents. At the same time, the community faces a growing social challenge—digital exposure among young children, which negatively affects their physical, psychological, and social well-being. To address these issues, a capacity-building program was implemented for women involved in the Integrated Guidance Post (Posbindu) through training on TOGA cultivation and digital literacy education using the Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach. This participatory model actively engaged community members in the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The program results showed an increase in participants’ understanding of TOGA as an alternative for self-care and traditional medicine, greater awareness of the adverse effects of excessive gadget use among children, and positive behavioral changes in parenting, such as setting screen-time limits and replacing gadget use with creative family activities. These findings demonstrate that integrating local wisdom–based education with digital literacy can effectively strengthen family resilience and promote sustainable well-being in the digital era.

Karangtalun Village, located in Kalidawir District, Tulungagung Regency, East Java, has significant potential for developing Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) to support community-based health practices. However, the utilization of TOGA in daily health care remains limited due to a lack of knowledge and practical skills among residents. At the same time, the community faces a growing social challenge—digital exposure among young children, which negatively affects their physical, psychological, and social well-being. To address these issues, a capacity-building program was implemented for women involved in the Integrated Guidance Post (Posbindu) through training on TOGA cultivation and digital literacy education using the Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach. This participatory model actively engaged community members in the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The program results showed an increase in participants’ understanding of TOGA as an alternative for self-care and traditional medicine, greater awareness of the adverse effects of excessive gadget use among children, and positive behavioral changes in parenting, such as setting screen-time limits and replacing gadget use with creative family activities. These findings demonstrate that integrating local wisdom–based education with digital literacy can effectively strengthen family resilience and promote sustainable well-being in the digital era.

Diabetes mellitus is the second leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular disease. This condition causes physical and psychological burdens. Quality of life is influenced by various aspects, including the ongoing special needs of diabetes mellitus patients. Family support is a form of assistance provided by family members to provide physical and psychological comfort when someone is ill. This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and quality of life of diabetes mellitus patients at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2024. This type of research is quantitative with a correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 80 respondents. Inclusion criteria included patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus for more than one year, were accompanied by their family, and were able to communicate in Indonesian. Data collection was conducted using the HDFSS questionnaire and the DQOL questionnaire. The results showed high family support and a high quality of life for diabetes mellitus patients. The Spearman statistical test produced a p-value of 0.048 and a correlation of 0.222. Thus, there is a positive relationship between family support and quality of life for diabetes mellitus patients. This means that the higher the family support, the better the patient's quality of life. Based on the results of this study, hospitals are advised to provide education regarding the importance of family support in influencing the quality of life of diabetes mellitus patients.

This paper aims to examine the relationship between Social Learning Theory and the principles of Christian education, particularly in character formation and the discipleship process. Social Learning Theory asserts that human behavior is shaped through observation, imitation, and social interaction, thus role models and the environment play a central role in the learning process. This understanding aligns with Christian education, which emphasizes that faith and character are developed through relationships, life experiences, and role models, as demonstrated in God's relationship with Israel, the life of Jesus Christ, and the practices of the early church. The integration of these two approaches demonstrates that effective Christian character formation requires a combination of modeling, mentoring, and a supportive community, along with the spiritually renewing work of the Holy Spirit. Thus, modern psychological theory and the principles of faith education can complement each other to create a holistic approach to Christian education, whether in the church, school, or family.

This study investigates strategies for improving social rehabilitation services for people with physical disabilities through technology-based approaches and family involvement at UPT Social Rehabilitation Bina Laras Pasuruan, East Java. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and documentation with rehabilitation staff, persons with disabilities, family members, and technology specialists. Findings reveal that integrating digital technologies—including mobile health applications, telemedicine platforms, and assistive devices—significantly enhances service accessibility and monitoring capabilities. Structured family involvement programs, encompassing psychoeducation sessions, home-based care training, and support groups, demonstrate substantial improvements in rehabilitation outcomes. Critical success factors include adequate technological infrastructure, staff digital literacy, family commitment, and inter-agency coordination. Challenges include the digital divide, resistance to technological adoption, and sustainability concerns. The research concludes that a hybrid model combining technology-enabled services with intensive family participation offers the most promising approach and recommends policy frameworks that institutionalise these innovations while ensuring equitable access across diverse beneficiary populations

Global economic developments show the acceleration of the adoption of circular business models, where resource efficiency and waste reduction are the main focuses to answer sustainability demands and SDGs targets. Although this trend is strengthening globally, MSMEs, especially those based on family businesses, are still lagging behind in their implementation, even though digitalization is increasingly opening up opportunities for operational optimization and innovation. The urgency of this research arises from the need to understand how the digital mindset and transformation of family business management can accelerate the readiness of MSMEs in implementing circular business practices. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of the three strategic concepts into a single analytical framework through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), a perspective that has rarely been combined in previous studies. With the SLR method based on the PRISMA protocol, this study shows that MSMEs already have a strong foundation in the digital mindset, including technology readiness, innovation orientation, and adaptation of digital business models. Family business values have also been proven to support business continuity through knowledge transfer and long-term investment. However, the implementation of circular business practices is still weak, especially in resource cycle management, sustainable product design, and environmental impact measurement. The implication is that the synergy of digital mindset and family business governance can strengthen the transition of MSMEs to a circular economy that directly supports the achievement of the SDGs, especially in the areas of sustainable consumption-production and industrial innovation.

This study critically examines the effectiveness of early intervention programs in addressing war-related trauma in the Middle East by meta-synthesizing forty-seven interventions implemented between 2010 and 2024. The analysis demonstrates that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based interventions achieved a success rate of 78.3 percent with p value less than 0.001 in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, with an effect size of d equal to 0.86 indicating substantial therapeutic strength. Group based interventions showed higher effectiveness (83.2 percent) than individual approaches (71.5 percent), and programs involving family support yielded better recovery outcomes (84.7 percent) than those without family involvement (69.3 percent). Regression analysis identified three primary predictors of successful intervention outcomes, namely intervention duration (beta 0.42, p value less than 0.001), therapist cultural competence (beta 0.38, p value less than 0.001), and the integration of social support systems (beta 0.35, p value less than 0.001). These findings expand on prior studies by Ennis et al. (2020) and Mawar et al. (2025), which were limited to evaluating CBT effectiveness, and also reinforce the significance of cultural dimensions and social support systems as critical determinants. In contrast to the meta analysis by Nocon et al. (2017), which reported an effectiveness rate of 65 percent for individual interventions, the present study reveals the superiority of group based approaches in communal Middle Eastern societies. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive identification of culturally sensitive determinants of early intervention success and the formulation of an integrative model positioning family support as an essential component in protocols for war-related trauma care.

Background: Cardiac catheterization is the most widely used diagnostic and hemodynamic intervention procedure in the world for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Cardiac catheterization can cause anxiety in patients who will undergo it. Objective: To analyze the factors that influence the anxiety of patients who will undergo cardiac catheterization. Method: This study is a descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional approach conducted at Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan. The study population was 40 people, and all of them were used as samples (total sampling). The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 95% (= 0.05). Results: This study shows that there is a significant influence between knowledge, family support, past experience, and education level on the anxiety of patients who will undergo cardiac catheterization at Murni Teguh Hospital Medan. This is proven by the chi square test with p values for each knowledge (p = 0.000); family support (p = 0.002); past experience (p = 0.003); and education (p=0.003) which are all less than 0.005. Conclusion: Cardiac catheterization patient anxiety is influenced by knowledge, family support, past experience, and education level. Suggestion: It is recommended that further researchers increase the number of samples and independent variables, considering that many factors influence patient anxiety before cardiac catheterization/angiography

Children's socio-emotional development is an important aspect that plays a role in their ability to recognize, understand, express, and regulate emotions, as well as interact adaptively in social environments. The family serves as the first environment that provides the foundation for this development through parenting patterns, emotional relationships, daily interactions, and parental behavior models. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by analyzing scientific articles published between 2020–2025 from the Scopus, ERIC, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The results of the review indicate that parental responsiveness, observational learning, secure attachment, and emotional communication significantly influence children's emotion regulation and social skills. In addition, parenting styles, particularly the authoritative style, have been shown to have a positive impact on psychological well-being, self-control, and social competence, while authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful styles are associated with behavioral problems and low self-esteem. Overall, the quality of the family environment and patterns of emotional communication play a significant role in shaping children's socio-emotional development. These findings underscore the need for support and reinforcement of parenting practices in efforts to enhance children's emotional and social well-being.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by inadequate insulin action. Poor disease control can lead to complications such as neuropathy, commonly marked by tingling or sensory loss. Effective prevention requires structured management through the five pillars of diabetes care. This case study describes the application of these pillars in a patient with hyperglycemia. Case: A 58-year-old male with diabetes mellitus presented with reduced sensation in the feet, abdominal discomfort, and consistently elevated blood glucose levels. The patient had limited disease knowledge and misconceptions related to diabetes self-management. Intervention: Education on the five pillars of diabetes was provided using a structured approach consisting of three self-care pillars and two collaborative pillars. Leaflet-based educational materials developed by the author were used to facilitate understanding for both the patient and family. Results: Following the intervention, the patient demonstrated increased knowledge, awareness, and improved ability to manage hyperglycemia. The family also showed enhanced understanding and support for diabetes care. Conclusion: Nurse-led education using the five pillars of diabetes effectively improves knowledge, awareness, and self-management abilities in individuals with diabetes mellitus, contributing to better glycemic control and prevention of complications.

The absence of a father or fatherlessness in a family is a serious problem that affects children's social, psychological, and educational development. This condition becomes even more complex when experienced by street children who live in limited economic conditions and lack family support. The purpose of this study is to reveal the social life of street children on Jalan Krakatau Ujung, Medan Deli District, find the factors that cause fatherlessness, and study the consequences. This study is a qualitative study conducted through a descriptive approach. Data were collected through documentation and in-depth interviews with street children, parents, and community leaders. The results of the study show that the factors causing fatherlessness include divorce, abandonment, and the death of the father. Fathers may also migrate or engage in deviant behavior, such as drug abuse. Children without parents have visible impacts in the form of psychological vulnerability, such as loneliness, lack of self-control, and lack of self-confidence; social impacts, such as difficulty socializing, vulnerability to bullying and exploitation; and educational impacts, such as lack of desire to learn and limited access to education. The lives of street children at the traffic light intersection on Jalan Krakatau Ujung show weak family functioning, especially the role of the father, which encourages children to earn their own living from an early age.

Hypertension remains a major health problem with high prevalence, often linked to poor lifestyle habits and low self-efficacy in managing one’s health. Effective hypertension management requires not only support from health professionals but also encouragement from family members who can remind patients to adhere to treatment and provide emotional support. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy, lifestyle, and family support with hypertension among Prolanis members in the working area of Puskesmas Oesapa, Kupang City. Using an observational analytical approach with a cross-sectional design, the study involved 65 hypertensive Prolanis members selected through simple random sampling. Data collection was conducted using a structured questionnaire. The findings showed significant relationships between self-efficacy, physical activity, and diet with hypertension status (p-value = 0.000). However, resting habits were not significantly associated with hypertension (p-value = 0.063), and family support also showed no significant relationship (p-value = 0.388). The study recommends that the Puskesmas continue to strengthen Prolanis activities and enhance health education, particularly regarding the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle through proper dietary management and regular light physical activity tailored to the abilities of Prolanis members.