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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has opened new possibilities for enhancing teaching and learning, particularly in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classrooms. This study examines the perceptions and motivations of third-semester management students at Universitas Merdeka Pasuruan regarding AI-assisted writing tools in their ESP courses. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 participants. Thematic analysis identified three key themes: perceptions of AI tools' usefulness, motivational factors, and challenges. Participants viewed AI tools as beneficial for improving writing skills, providing personalized feedback, and supporting collaborative learning. Motivational drivers included simplifying complex tasks and promoting independent learning. However, challenges such as technical difficulties and limited proficiency in using AI features were highlighted. The findings emphasize the potential of AI in enhancing ESP instruction, provided challenges are addressed with adequate training and support. Despite its small sample size and focus on a single institution, the study offers insights into the pedagogical implications of AI integration in specialized language education. It also provides practical recommendations for optimizing AI use in ESP classrooms while calling for broader research in diverse educational contexts.

This study compares hybrid and traditional face-to-face learning environments to assess their impact on student collaboration, engagement, and social interaction. Hybrid learning models combine in-person and online instruction, providing flexibility but also introducing challenges in maintaining meaningful student interactions, particularly for remote learners. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of hybrid classrooms in fostering social engagement, collaboration, and peer relationships compared to traditional classrooms. A comparative design was employed, with data collected through interviews, observations, and surveys to measure student engagement, satisfaction, and collaboration. The findings indicate that while hybrid learning offers flexibility, it often leads to reduced social presence and collaboration quality, especially for remote students. Traditional classrooms, on the other hand, foster stronger peer relationships and dynamic in-person collaboration. The study suggests that hybrid learning spaces can be improved by integrating advanced communication tools and designing activities that encourage interaction between remote and in-person students. The research emphasizes the importance of creating balanced learning environments that promote both flexibility and social engagement. Future research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of hybrid learning on student collaboration and engagement and to identify strategies to enhance the effectiveness of hybrid models.

UMKM are crucial to the country's economy and job creation, and in order for them to compete, inventive innovations must be made. Research, creativity, and observation can all help achieve this. Promotion is a means of targeting prospective customers with information about a product to pique their interest. Canva is an online design platform that provides a wide range of tools for creating graphics, infographics, banners, presentations, resumes, posters, brochures, booklets, and much more. One of Canva's numerous benefits is its wide variety of eye-catching designs. This gives UMKM the freedom to select and improve the originality of their marketing material. According to observations, the proprietors have designed the products' packaging and branding, yet they lack the.

This Letter Archiving Information System is designed to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of document management at the Department of Manpower Office in Asahan Regency. The system focuses on managing incoming and outgoing letters, which are routine tasks performed by an agenda officer as part of administrative duties. The management of incoming letters includes receiving, verifying, recording, and archiving, while outgoing letter management begins with drafting and continues to the delivery process. To support these processes, the system separates the management of letters into two main parts: incoming and outgoing letters. For incoming letters, data such as letter number, date, content, attachments, and destination are recorded and stored automatically. Meanwhile, outgoing letters follow a similar format to streamline the recording process and minimize manual errors. The system is developed using web-based technology, including HTML and other supporting tools, to ensure flexibility and ease of access for users. With the implementation of this system, it is expected that letter archiving can be carried out more efficiently, effectively, and accurately, thereby improving administrative performance at the Department of Manpower Office in Asahan Regency.

Fire is one of the incidents that disturbs homeowners because of the fire that will drain property and can claim lives when there is a lack of anticipation and minimal ignorance of the incident, such as when a fire occurs there is no early warning to the homeowner, this is also a cause of fire. The cause of the fire can be caused by a gas leak, electrical short circuit or caused by the community itself. Based on these problems, a solution is needed to create a safety system technology to be applied to the home kitchen, namely the design of an early detection system for fires based on the Internet Of Things (IoT) using ESP8266 which is useful for monitoring kitchen conditions and will automatically send a notification of the kitchen condition if the sensor reads an incident. The Hardware Design uses several tools consisting of ESP8266, Arduino R3. Jumper Cables, Fire Sensors, MQ-2 Gas Sensors, Mini Fans, Mini Water Pumps, Relays, Buzzers. and for the software design using Arduino IDE for system programming and Blynk as an application to display notifications. The designed system will be tested using black box testing which is used to determine whether the designed system will meet the specified parameters or not, and the results of the design state that the system is in accordance with the parameters used.

Communication is the most important activity in everyday life, language and writing are effective communication tools both verbally and visually, communication in a visual context will be conveyed through typography. As time and technology develop, typography plays an important role and presents many types and styles of letters almost every day which have their own characteristics and uniqueness, one of which is the modern typeface which has minimalist and geometric shapes as benchmarks. The design of this modern typeface typography aims to create letters, numbers and punctuation characters that have their own uniqueness and characteristics by exploring the potential shapes that exist in the Ulos Sadum Mandailing motif ornaments.

Government bureaucracy must be managed based on the principles of good and professional governance. Bureaucracy must fully serve the interests of the people and work to provide excellent, transparent, accountable services, and be free from Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism (KKN) practices. This spirit is the basis for the implementation of government bureaucratic reform in Indonesia. Sub-districts as organizations that provide direct services also need to be supported by complete work facilities because these work facilities are supporting factors for the smooth running of tasks carried out, so that work can be done as expected. Changes in regional government laws clearly affect government organizations including Sub-districts The research method used in this study is a descriptive survey method. The research design uses a quantitative method. The aspects studied in this study include variables (X1) namely work facilities, variables (X2) length of service with variables (Y) namely performance. Data collection tools use observation and questionnaires. The conclusion is: 1. Work facilities tend to be high and ASN performance is very high, so that work facilities have a high influence on ASN performance, meaning that if work facilities are high then ASN performance is very high, while the low indicator in the work facility variable is that the work process should be carried out effectively; 2. Work period tends to be high and ASN performance is very high, so that work period has a high influence on ASN performance, meaning that if work period is high then ASN performance is very high, while the low indicator in the work period variable is that interns with a work period of 0-12 months need to improve the quality of their work; and 3. Work facilities and work period tend to be high and ASN performance is very high, so that work facilities and work period have a high influence on ASN performance, meaning that if work facilities and work period are high then ASN performance is very high thus the proposed hypothesis can be accepted. Meanwhile, the low indicator in the ASN performance variable is that innovation should be carried out in various work programs.

This research describes the flexibility and simplicity of the Linux operating system architecture. These are the main factors behind its popularity in various technological applications. This study uses a literature approach to explore kernel modularity, extensive file system support, and kernel modularity in meeting the needs of users in various computing environments, ranging from the Internet of Things (IoT) to large-scale servers. Research shows that the modular structure of Linux makes it easy to customize the operating system without compromising stability. In addition, the open source nature of Linux supports learning and innovation among the global community. Despite the challenges of development complexity, the open source community remains committed to providing documentation and tools to support the user experience. With flexibility and simplicity at the core of its design, Linux continues to adapt to the rapid advancement of information technology.

Ready To Wear Fantasy Knight Princess The combination of Batik through Aesthetic Studies in Japanese Culture was taken because it was inspired by anime, manga and other stories in Japanese culture with a storyline of a tough princess. That is why the author interested in making a dress that suits the heroine. Even though, it has a simple design and beautiful batik motif but the clothes worn were suitable with the chivalrous spirit. Uniting Indonesian culture with Japanese culture by having aesthetic value on batik motifs. Making Ready To Wear Fantasy Princess Knight has the aim of knowing the suitable of batik motifs into fantasy clothing. This study used a qualitative method which described descriptively. Making Ready To Wear fantasy has the same steps of making clothing as other clothing manufactures. The process of making clothing includes, 1) determining the design, 2) preparing tools and materials, 3) applying measurements, 4) making basic patterns, 5) cutting materials, 6) painting fabrics, 7) merging materials, 8) ironing upholstery, 9 ) sewing clothes, and finishing to become the desired clothing. The process of making tasel ropes in ready to wear fantasy needs to be stretched one by one so that it gets neat results. Besides, when making cloth painting in the ironing process it must be at normal temperature and covered with fabric.

Batik Banten Mukarnas is a company that produces stamped batik designs with various patterns and varieties of batik. Problems frequently arise in the company due to increased stamped batik production capacity to meet the demand for stamped batik design products, which continues to rise from stamped batik suppliers. Another impact of growing demand capacity is the high number of defects in stamped batik cloth products, because overall, the company's management, including human resources, tools, and methods, is not prepared for the increase in production capacity to meet the surge in consumer demand, resulting in an impact on the quality of the products produced—consequently, the organization endeavors to regulate the quality of stamped batik cloth at PT. Batik Banten Mukarnas establishes objectives that employ Six Sigma with the DMAIC method (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) in the production of batik stamp designs to meet production objectives. The results of the data processing that has been done obtained a sigma value before improvement for 3 CTQ of 3.54. After improvement, the sigma value increased to 3.86. While for the sigma value before improvement for 1 CTQ of 3.04, the sigma value increased to 3.42 after improvement. The factors contributing to defective products, as illustrated by the fishbone diagram, include methods, personnel, materials, machinery, and environmental conditions. The division leader consistently oversees and regulates operations, enhances the number of brushes, and trains operators to ensure proficient adherence to standard operating procedures (SOP).

In the current era of globalization and technology, computers, RFID are examples of information technology tools that are indispensable for meeting human needs in almost every aspect of life, including the management of infrastructure and equipment lending.According to direct research at Widya Praja Ungaran Vocational School, there are only two workers who handle facilities and infrastructure. In carrying out their work assignments, they still experience difficulties. Excess workload and the process of borrowing tools that still lacks a sense of responsibility, so that the results of the work are not maximized.The existence of increasingly sophisticated technology, the management of infrastructure and equipment lending can be done with the help of technological tools that will be implemented in this school. This research aims to make it easier to administer, because this school has not yet added a new workforce.This research can be designed with the help of software (Bootstrap, MySql), programming (PHP, Arduino IDE) and equipment (NodeMCU ESP8266, RFID, LCD, I2C, buzzer, power supply, breadboard, jumper cables, resistors, LEDs) to provide data information. more accurate, effective, efficient and provide a good working atmosphere in this school. It is hoped that this research can reduce work overload and create a sense of responsibility in borrowing equipment, using local networks (wifi / handphone) and computers or laptops, with the research method used is research and development (R&D).

This study investigates the role of scaffolding assessment in fostering self-directed learning (SDL) within project-based learning (PBL) environments in higher education. Scaffolding assessment, characterized by gradual guidance, helps students transition from structured support to greater autonomy while enhancing critical thinking, goal-setting, and self-regulation. Through a mixed-methods approach, the study examines students' perceptions and experiences of scaffolding interventions in a research-based course. Quantitative findings reveal positive impacts on autonomy, critical thinking, and goal-setting, while qualitative insights highlight the importance of tailored scaffolding tools, motivational elements, and digital adaptability.Although scaffolding significantly enhances SDL by promoting independence and cognitive engagement, challenges remain in optimizing digital tools and addressing individual learning needs. Personalized scaffolding strategies and motivational scaffolds are essential for sustaining long-term engagement and effectively supporting diverse learners in complex, research-intensive environments. This study underscores the importance of adaptive scaffolding designs that balance structure and flexibility, offering practical implications for educators seeking to implement scaffolding assessments to enhance student autonomy and learning outcomes in higher education.

The rapid advancement of technology in the digital era has emphasized the need for optimizing learning processes through digital media, particularly in elementary education. Despite the proven benefits of digital tools in enhancing student engagement and comprehension, many educators, including those at SDIT AUM, face challenges due to limited understanding and skills in utilizing such technologies. Specific issues include low proficiency in using digital platforms, minimal creativity in designing interactive learning materials, and inadequate adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based tools. Previous studies have highlighted the effectiveness of practical training programs in improving teachers' competencies in using digital media, emphasizing the importance of integrating theoretical knowledge, hands-on practice, and continuous evaluation. This community engagement program addressed these challenges through a structured approach, including training on digital platforms like Canva, Gamma, and Zoom, combined with direct practice and interactive discussions. The results revealed significant improvements, with educators demonstrating increased understanding of digital media (from 45% to 85%), enhanced skills in creating interactive materials (from 40% to 80%), and greater motivation to adopt AI-based tools (from 50% to 90%). These findings affirm the effectiveness of the program in empowering teachers to create innovative and engaging learning experiences, with the potential to serve as a replicable model for other schools striving to bridge the gap between traditional teaching methods and digital transformation.

The learning of the Qur'an and Hadith plays an important role in shaping the character and morals of the younger generation, especially at the Elementary School level. The learning of the Qur'an and Hadith is expected to instill values of faith, diversity, as well as foster attitudes of tolerance and social concern among students. This study aims to describe the learning of Surah An-Nas using the drill method, the steps of its implementation, and its execution at SDN 1 Slaharwotan Ngimbang Lamongan. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving Islamic Education teachers and students as research subjects. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that learning through the drill method is effective in improving students' ability to read and memorize the Qur'an, especially Surah An-Nas, with correct pronunciation (tartil) and fluency. The learning model is technology-based or a multimedia learning model, where teaching takes place using tools and media such as LCD projectors, active speakers, notebooks, and interactive learning CDs, demonstrating the application of technology to support the teaching and learning process, as well as increasing interactivity and effectiveness. The learning method uses repetition (drill), so it is hoped that the material being taught will be retained in students' memory. This study provides insights into the importance of teacher competence in developing teaching materials that suit the developmental needs of students, as well as the importance of adjusting teaching methods to the curriculum and the characteristics of children in Elementary Schools.

Cutting is part of cooking activities commonly known as the process of dividing using a knife. As for the cutting tools, there are various types, ranging from manual to automatic, from using knives to sensors. In the report, it is mentioned that the modification of the cutting tool involves an existing fruit cutting tool that was then modified by the author into a tool that divides breadfruit into 8 parts using a spring-based pressing system. This cutting tool is suitable for SMEs such as sellers of fried breadfruit, who can sell or even produce it on a large scale, thereby increasing production capacity. The research method used is an experiment by conducting a literature study, such as collecting data from journals, scientific articles, and books relevant to the discussed topic. The design of the breadfruit cutting tool produces uniform fruit slices in 8 seconds using the breadfruit cutting tool and 1 minute 37 seconds using a kitchen knife. This results in a time difference of 1 minute 29 seconds, making the breadfruit cutting tool much more time-efficient and increasing production capacity compared to using a kitchen knife. One thing to note about this breadfruit cutting tool is the sharpness of its blade, which can be sharpened again using a sharpening tool when it becomes dull.

Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah was one of the non-formal education in Indonesia, however there are several problems in learning at MDTA such as those found in moral learning at MDTA Masjid Agung Ashliyah Padang Panjang, namely teacher textbooks in teaching have not met learning objectives because the material is still limited and incomplete, the books provided by the madrasah are also still limited and teachers have not used teaching tools in the form of lesson implementation plans (RPP) in the learning process, so that the learning process is less effective and efficient. This study aims to produce a product in the form of teacher teaching materials as a guide for teachers in teaching. This study is entitled "Development of Teacher Teaching Materials for the Subject of Morals for Class IV at MDTA Masjid Agung Ashliyah Padang Panjang". This type of research was Research and Development (R&D) using the 4D model, namely Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate, but this research only goes as far as Develop. This research was conducted at MDTA Masjid Agung Ashliyah Padang Panjang from May 10 to August 5, 2024. This study focuses on research on the development of teacher teaching materials for the subject of morals for class IV MDTA on the material "Morals are Easy for Fellow Humans". After the development of the teacher teaching materials, a feasibility test was carried out by curriculum experts and media experts. The results of the curriculum feasibility test were 86% with very feasible criteria, while the results of the media feasibility test were 84% with very feasible criteria, while the response of the morals subject teacher to the development of this teacher teaching material was 89.4% with a statement of very feasible. So it can be concluded that the development of teacher teaching materials for the subject of morals is very feasible to use.

The development of digital technology has transformed how companies present themselves online, with company profile and portfolio websites becoming crucial tools in building image and credibility in the digital market. This research aims to identify business opportunities in the website development industry, particularly for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), using NestLink as a case study. Utilizing the Business Model Canvas (BMC) method, the research analyzes the business model components of NestLink in providing website development services.The research results show that NestLink offers customized website solutions, including company profile website creation, ready-to-use templates, and portfolio websites. Distribution channels include social media, official websites, and digital advertising. The main strategy focuses on responsive design, good user experience, and flexible templates. The primary revenue comes from website development services and template sales.    

This study aims to design the VoksEat website as a food delivery service platform targeted at students of the IPB Vocational School. The methodology employed is the prototype method, allowing iterative design based on user needs. The research process began with identifying requirements through interviews and observations, followed by creating an initial prototype using design tools such as Figma and testing the prototype to gather user feedback. Object-oriented modeling with the Unified Modeling Language (UML) approach was utilized to ensure a well-organized system structure, including diagrams such as use case, activity, and class diagrams. The results indicate that the prototype method is effective in producing a functional website design that aligns with user needs. The VoksEat website features ordering guides, restaurant recommendations, and an integrated order form that provides users with easy access. This study contributes to developing a locally-based digital solution to meet student needs and enriches the literature on applying the prototype method in web-based information system development.

Understanding the evolution of cells is very important, which means studying the development of living things. The smallest structural elements of living things are cells. These cells gradually change both their structure and function. It can be said that almost all biologists can accept the theory of biological evolution or the theory of evolution that continues to develop , even though the theory is based on circumstantial evidence . The principle of this evolutionary theory is that humans, animals, and plants all evolve continuously. This journal is based on the narrative review method and displays a narrative review design from research journals related to the theory of prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and cell membrane-related evolution. The importance of cells continues to develop along with advances in technology and the discovery of sophisticated tools. Until now it is known that the structure and activities of cells are not as simple as previously thought. Cells that exist today are the result of evolution towards more refined cells. and There are many details in cell evolution that cannot yet be explained.

This study aims to analyze the influence of internal combustion engine instructional tools on the competency achievement of cadets at the Indonesian Naval Academy Technical Corps. Using a mixed-methods research approach with sequential explanatory design, this study involved 160 cadets divided into experimental group (n=80) and control group (n=80). Quantitative data were collected through knowledge competency tests, practical skills assessments, and attitude scales, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and participatory observations. The results showed that internal combustion engine instructional tools had a positive and significant effect on cadet competency achievement in three domains: knowledge (Cohen's d = 1.56), practical skills (Cohen's d = 2.68), and learning attitudes (Cohen's d = 1.62). Multivariate analysis showed that the use of internal combustion engine instructional tools explained 68.8% of the variance in the combination of cadet competencies (Wilks' Lambda = 0.312, p<0.001). Qualitative findings identified four main themes: enhanced conceptual understanding, hands-on skills development, increased motivation and engagement, and implementation constraints. Mediation analysis showed that attitude served as a partial mediator in the relationship between instructional tools and competency achievement. The results confirm that internal combustion engine instructional tools are a crucial determinant factor in technical competency achievement, with significant implications for military technical education curriculum development and Indonesian Navy operational readiness.