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Indonesia characterized by its diverse society encompassing various ethnicities, cultures, races, religions, and regional customs, exhibits a distinctive uniqueness. The country features three primary kinship systems patrilineal, matrilineal, and parental or bilateral. These kinship systems significantly impact the lives of indigenous peoples, particularly in the Batak community, which follows the patrilineal system, especially in matters of inheritance. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the patrilineal system and Batak customary law regarding inheritance, as well as explore methods for resolving disputes arising during the inheritance division process according to Batak customary law. The research adopts a normative approach, utilizing a literature study as the method of data collection. The findings indicate a connection between the patrilineal system and inheritance practices within Batak customary law. Moreover, the study highlights two approaches for settling disputes related to Batak customary inheritance non-litigation and litigation.    

This research was conducted at UMKM Cireng Tijang, the purpose of this study was to find out the Management Strategy in Facing Business Competition. The research used is a descriptive qualitative approach, namely an explanatory data analysis and information related to the theories that will be analyzed in qualitative research and provides conclusions from this research. The subject of this research is UMKM Cireng Tijang. Data collection techniques used were library research, observation, interviews and documentation, the data sources used were primary data and secondary data, and data analysis consisted of inductive techniques, deductive techniques and conclusion drawing. The research results obtained regarding Strategic Management Analysis in Facing Business Competition using a Cost Advantage Strategy, where a cost advantage strategy can be carried out by providing high quality products to customers or innovating the products offered to optimally retain customers.                    

This article discusses various efforts that have been made to improve the quality of education in remote areas. In facing the challenges of accessibility and limited resources, innovative and strategic approaches have been implemented. This article explores the implementation of non-formal education programs, collaboration between stakeholders, and the use of technology to overcome these obstacles. By detailing the concrete steps that have been taken, this article provides insight into how to effectively improve education in remote areas to create better accessibility and quality of education. The step that can be taken is to follow existing technological developments, where rapid technological developments have had a significant impact on the education sector in Indonesia. This article reviews how advances in technology, especially digital technology, have formed a new paradigm in learning. The use of technology as a means of communication in the learning process has changed the way educators and students interact. Educators need to adapt to this new habit to create an interesting, effective and efficient learning environment, as well as provide comfort to students.

In the Development of the Archipelago Capital in Sepaku District, North Penajam Paser Regency, East Kalimantan. One of them is in the Sepaku River Flood Management Development Project, Sepaku District, which in the development process still has obstacles. The obstacle faced is because the land is included in a residential area. To provide land for the construction of the embankment, it is necessary to procure it. Policies in land acquisition for development in the public interest are regulated in the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 5 of 1960concerningBasic Regulations on Agrarian Principles (UUPA) and Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest. The research method in writing this journal is the empris juridical approach method. In summary, the conclusion of the discussion is about the stages of implementing land acquisition for the public interest in the Sepaku river flood management project.

This research entitled "The Relation of Religious Moderation in the Malay Muslim Community of South Sumatra to Democratic Stability" aims to analyze the relationship of religious moderation in the Malay Muslim community in South Sumatra and its impact on democratic stability in the region. In the context of a religiously and ethnically heterogeneous society, religious moderation is an important factor influencing the stability of a democratic system. This research methodology includes surveys, interviews and content analysis regarding the understanding and practice of religious moderation in the Malay Muslim community. The resulting data was then analyzed to determine the relationship between religious moderation and democratic stability, taking into account other factors that might influence this relationship. Research findings show that in the Malay Muslim community in South Sumatra, the practice of religious moderation can make a positive contribution to democratic stability. Religious moderation can play an important role in encouraging interfaith dialogue, reducing opportunities for conflict, and increasing inclusive political participation. In this context, understanding and implementing the values ​​of religious moderation in the Malay Muslim community of South Sumatra can be considered as social capital that supports sustainable and stable democratic development. These results have important implications for developing policies and strategic approaches that encourage religious moderation as an integral part of the social and political dynamics of society.    

PTPN IV Medan Company is a company operating in the plantation sector in Medan, Indonesia. As a company operating in the business sector, PTPN IV Medan also has a retail business division which is an important part of its operational activities. This research is the result of qualitative research by raising the problem of how to apply Islamic economic principles in the PTPN IV Medan company. This type of research method is qualitative research using a descriptive approach and library research. As for the data sources in this research, the primary data is interviews with related parties, namely employees who work at the PTPN IV Medan company, while the secondary data is data obtained through reports regarding the PTPN IV Medan Company. In this context, it is important to evaluate the extent to which this company applies Islamic economic principles in its retail business. This analysis can also provide insight into the effectiveness and success of implementing Islamic economic principles in the company's retail business.

The aim of this research is to provide a clear picture of the handling of criminal acts of environmental pollution in waste processing at PT Royal Coconut Gorontalo.This research uses empirical legal research methods. Empirical legal studies themselves are studies that view law as reality, including social reality, cultural reality, and empirical studies of the world. This research took place at the Environment and Forestry Service of Gorontalo Province. The results of this research show that: Handling criminal acts of environmental pollution in waste processing at PT Royal Coconut Gorontalo has not been handled properly and correctly. Good and correct handling has not been implemented due to internal factors such as communication, supervision, individual, financial and others, as well as external factors such as community factors, law enforcement, culture, advice and infrastructure. Ineffective handling can have an impact on society. Waste from processing is very dangerous when it pollutes residents' areas, the impact that can be felt by the community is contracting disease and can even cause death if it is not handled according to waste processing procedures. Law enforcement against environmental pollution which triggers criminal acts in Gorontalo Province has not been implemented properly. This is due to several factors that have not been fulfilled optimally. This can be seen from various factors such as law enforcement not being optimal in terms of a persuasive approach, inadequate facilities and infrastructure with limited human resources, as well as community habits and culture which consider environmental pollution to be a normal and common occurrence.

This research aims to analyze efforts and strategies in establishing inter-church harmony in society during the current pandemic. The current pandemic creates new challenges in maintaining interfaith relations and strengthening tolerance in communities. In this context, churches from various denominations are faced with the need to increase collaboration and mutual understanding. This research uses a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with church leaders and community members who are actively involved in efforts to establish harmony. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key patterns in practices that support inter-church harmony. This research makes an important contribution to the understanding of how churches can work together to create harmony in difficult times such as the current pandemic. The practical implications of this research can be a guide for church and community leaders in building harmonious relationships amidst the challenges they face together. The research results show that there are several key factors that support the success of efforts to establish church harmony today. Among these are regular inter-religious dialogue, joint social activities, and an inclusive approach in understanding differences in beliefs.

In this study, the complexity of motivational factors is closely related to the context of organizational culture, team dynamics, and perceptions of rewards and recognition of individual contributions. Participation in decision-making, opportunities for career development, and interpersonal relationships at work also emerged as important elements in motivating employees. The qualitative analysis highlighted that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to understanding work motivation in this environment. However, the need for recognition of achievement, a sense of involvement in the work process, and support from superiors and coworkers have a significant impact on individuals' motivation levels. This study provides an in-depth understanding of what influences work motivation at the Office of Industry and Trade of North Sumatra Province. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of a sensitive approach to individual needs and preferences in designing effective motivation strategies to improve productivity.

This article discusses various efforts that have been made to improve the quality of education in remote areas. In facing the challenges of accessibility and limited resources, innovative and strategic approaches have been implemented. This article explores the implementation of non-formal education programs, collaboration between stakeholders, and the use of technology to overcome these obstacles. By detailing the concrete steps that have been taken, this article provides insight into how to effectively improve education in remote areas to create better accessibility and quality of education. The step that can be taken is to follow existing technological developments, where rapid technological developments have had a significant impact on the education sector in Indonesia. This article reviews how advances in technology, especially digital technology, have formed a new paradigm in learning. The use of technology as a means of communication in the learning process has changed the way educators and students interact. Educators need to adapt to this new habit to create an interesting, effective and efficient learning environment, as well as provide comfort to students.

Abstract. The baby's social emotional development must be a parent's main goal, because if social emotional development does not go well it will affect and hinder other developments such as psychomotor, emotional and other baby development. This research uses a method called critical review, which involves careful examination and evaluation of various sources of information, such as scientific journals, articles, and other media. The main goal of this approach is to improve readers' comprehension and interpretation skills in the field of early childhood development. Infancy is a time of rapid growth and change, infancy is a time of reduced dependency. The developmental tasks of infancy throughout the life span are, learning to eat solid food, learning to walk, learning to talk, learning to control the elimination of body waste, learning sexual differences and procedures, preparing to read, and learning to distinguish right from wrong, and starting to develop conscience. The development of patterns in the changes experienced by individuals since they were still in the womb over a certain life span, namely, weight, height, physical proportions, bones, muscles and fat, body shape, teeth, nervous system, and development of the sense organs. The psychological function of infancy is the period of formation of fundamental psychological patterns for eating, sleeping, and toileting, although the formation of these habits may not be complete by the end of infancy.

Globalization has driven profound changes in educational curricula. A more inclusive and globally oriented approach is becoming a major trend. The Islamic education curriculum is not immune from these changes. There are efforts to integrate Islamic educational materials with a broader understanding of the world and global culture. In some cases, Islamic education curricula adopt a more progressive approach with a focus on critical thinking skills, foreign languages, and digital literacy. Globalization has introduced various new learning approaches and methods. Traditional Islamic education, which often consists of rote memorization and reproduction of sacred texts, faces pressure to adopt an approach more oriented towards understanding social and global contexts. Globalization has opened access to international educational resources through technology. This allows Islamic students and teachers to access new information and knowledge more easily, which can change the way Islamic education is taught and studied.

In educational institutions, learning performance is an important indicator for measuring the success of teaching learning. The goal of learning is the change in behavior that a person is expected to after a learning process. Factors that can affect the difference in learning outcomes of each student are internal and external factors. Internal factors are factors that exist in the individual who is studying. External factors are factors that exist outside the individual. Many things include internal and external factors, including long hours of study, environment and organization. The implementation of the learning process on campus cannot guarantee whether students can the IP as expected. The researchers therefore wanted to look at the impact of school hours, the environment, and the organization on the IP of Class C students in Development Economics. The research approach used by the author in this study is quantitative research. The total sample examined was 41 people based on the criteria that have been determined. The research uses the probability sampling technique, which is the method of Random Sampling. All members of the population are assumed to have equal opportunities to be selected as research samples.

This article digs deep to discuss the critical ability of educators in determining effective learning strategies and methods. The strategy in a lesson for students must be appropriate, we need an approach to students so that we can know each student's characteristics, so that we are easy to determine the methods and strategies that are suitable for students in learning activities. With a focus on the interaction between learning methods and learner development, this article details practical guidelines for improving the efficiency of the learning process in an ever-changing era of education so that learners get optimal learning outcomes and planned learning objectives can be achieved.

This research is motivated by: 1) the existence of various facts which show that students' reading comprehension abilities and reading motivation are relatively low; 2) the ability to find the main idea in a paragraph is very important in understanding a reading text. This research was carried out to determine the effect of the motivation-based Scaffolded Reading method on improving students' learning outcomes in finding the main idea in a paragraph. The research was carried out in class IX-C of SMPN 2 Balaraja. The method used in the research is an experimental method with a quantitative approach.  After knowing the results of data analysis that the application of the scaffolded reading method is effective in improving the ability to find the main idea in a paragraph, it is best to use this technique as an alternative learning technique in learning reading comprehension to improve reading skills.

This research aims to determine the application of Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling (POAC) in Islamic Business Management. This research uses a qualitative research method with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The existing data sources come from indexed journal literature that has an ISSN (International Standard Serial Number) electronically which has been published via the internet with the code E-ISSN. Data collection was carried out via internet surfing from Google Scholar. The research data population is journals and books that focus on POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling). The results of this research state that the implementation of planning in Islamic business management must be in line with sharia values, ensuring that business objectives not only benefit the company, but also create social and economic benefits for society as a whole. The application of organizing in Islamic business management involves the creation of a fair and sustainable organizational structure. The separation of duties and responsibilities must reflect fairness, and strategic decisions must take into account their impact on society. Synergy between business interests and general welfare is the main key in the organizing process. The application of actuating in Islamic business management is the implementation of Islamic values in every company action such as work ethics, transparency and honesty and creating fair economic opportunities. The application of controlling in Islamic business management includes continuous monitoring of compliance with sharia principles. This includes ongoing evaluation of business sustainability and fair distribution of profits. Controls also ensure that the business operates in accordance with Islamic objectives and does not involve practices that are inconsistent with sharia law.

This research is motivated by: 1) the existence of various facts which show that students' reading comprehension abilities and reading motivation are relatively low; 2) the ability to find the main idea in a paragraph is very important in understanding a reading text. This research was carried out to determine the effect of the motivation-based Scaffolded Reading method on improving students' learning outcomes in finding the main idea in a paragraph. The research was carried out in class IX-C of SMPN 2 Balaraja. The method used in the research is an experimental method with a quantitative approach.  After knowing the results of data analysis that the application of the scaffolded reading method is effective in improving the ability to find the main idea in a paragraph, it is best to use this technique as an alternative learning technique in learning reading comprehension to improve reading skills.

Technological developments have had a huge impact on the banking system, one example of the impact of developments is increasingly modern payment systems such as mobile banking. Bank NTT is one of the banks that provides mobile banking services called B'pung mobile. This research aims to determine consumer preferences for mobile banking services at Bank NTT. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, by conducting structured interviews with informants and NTT bank customers. The research results show that consumer preferences for mobile banking services at NTT banks continue to experience positive developments in line with technological advances and changes in user behavior, ease of access, transaction security, feature and functional innovations are getting better. However, in its implementation there are several problems, namely a weak internet connection, no fingerprint feature and also a top up feature that is difficult to access.

Character education has become an important conversation in the context of global education, especially in this modern era. The contribution of ideas by KH Hasyim Asy'ari, on the relevance of character education in the current context, has its own advantages. This article discusses his thoughts which emphasize universal values such as honesty, simplicity and social awareness as the main foundations of character education. This thinking is not only relevant in a traditional context, but also has strong applicability in facing the dynamics of complexity in the modern era. KH's approach. Hasyim Asy'ari in character education emphasizes the importance of forming strong morals as the main foundation in building individuals who are responsible and have integrity. Character education does not only focus on religious values, but also emphasizes the importance of developing moral and ethical aspects that are relevant in everyday life. The purpose of this research is to find out that character education from KH's perspective. Hasyim Asy'ari does not only apply to that era but can also be applied to the modern era. In the modern era full of technological changes and globalization, the values emphasized by KH. Hasyim Asy'ari such as determination, tolerance and justice have deep relevance in facing the complex challenges faced by the younger generation. Character education inspired by his thoughts is able to help the current generation to face changes and challenges that continue to develop.

This research discusses the education system in the United States and at the end of the discussion a little comparison with the education system in Indonesia. Because of its focus, the discussion of this paper is more directed at the implementation of education systems and policies in the United States including; how the level of education in the United States, management, curriculum, learning evaluation, teacher quality, education funding and education quality assurance practices, which are applied in developing education. The approach used through the method used by the author in conducting this research is through descriptive qualitative methods by searching for various data from documents and literature in the form of; literature, articles, books, other supporting websites including podcasts and video interviews on YouTube that have been directly involved in education in the United States. It is assumed that since the United States declared independence from Great Britain on 4 July 1776, the form of government of the Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic and Liberal Democracy with three branches of government, namely, executive, legislative and judicial, has progressed in various aspects including in the aspect of education. In this context, of course, progress in various fields in Indonesia is far behind compared to the United States, especially in the field of education. From this analysis, it is not wrong if Indonesia continues to improve and take valuable lessons from the United States experience in the education system in this contemporary era.