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This quantitative study examines the impact of transactional leadership and reward systems on employees' extrinsic motivation at PT Konigs Multi Teknik, addressing earlier observations of low staff motivation. Utilizing a saturated sampling technique, the research involved the entire company population of 31 employees. Data collected through five-point Likert-scale questionnaires were analyzed via multiple linear regression using SPSS version 27, successfully satisfying all required classical assumption tests The partial test (t-test) results revealed that both transactional leadership and rewards exert a positive and significant influence on extrinsic motivation, with rewards standing out as the more dominant factor. Furthermore, the simultaneous test (F-test) confirmed that both variables jointly and significantly drive employee motivation, accounting for exactly 80.9 percent of its variance according to the adjusted R-square value. Ultimately, these findings suggest that companies must strategically combine consistent transactional leadership practices with a fair, transparent reward system to effectively boost overall motivation.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of efficiency, effectiveness, and consistency in the Standard Operating Procedure for goods procurement in the purchasing department of The Oberoi Beach Resort, Bali. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation. The informants included parties directly involved in procurement activities, namely the Purchasing Manager, Purchasing Supervisor, Purchasing Staff, Receiving Staff, and user departments. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings show that the goods procurement SOP has been implemented in a structured manner through Purchase Requisition submission, document approval, Purchase Order issuance, supplier ordering, and goods inspection by the receiving department. The SOP is effective in supporting hotel operational needs and relatively consistent because control stages are maintained even under urgent requests. However, efficiency has not been fully optimized because administrative and approval processes still rely on a manual paper-based system. Other barriers include inventory data input errors, supplier stock limitations, customs constraints, and weather-related distribution disruptions. This study recommends the implementation of e-procurement, stronger interdepartmental coordination, improved inventory data accuracy, and supplier diversification.

Differentiated instruction is an approach aimed at meeting students' learning needs based on their abilities, characteristics, and requirements. This study aims to describe the experiences of a fifth-grade teacher in implementing differentiated instruction at SD 3 Jepang Kudus. The study employs a qualitative approach using a phenomenological design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which encompasses data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was established through technique triangulation. The results indicate that the teacher perceives differentiated instruction as an effort to provide learning support tailored to students' needs. Implementation is carried out through adjustments to the learning process, guidance, peer tutoring, and the creation of an inclusive learning environment. This implementation has a positive impact on students' academic, social, and emotional development. Challenges encountered include the diversity of students' learning abilities and the suboptimal application of differentiation regarding learning products and assessments. These findings underscore the importance of teacher experience in optimally and sustainably accommodating students' learning needs.

The role of guidance and counseling teachers in student career planning in vocational schools is still weak. The purpose of the study was to analyze the implementation of the BK service program in career planning for vocational school students. The study used a qualitative descriptive method. The study was conducted at SMK Muhammadiyah Paguyangan with research subjects being BK teachers, vice principals for curriculum, and vocational school students. Data collection through observation, interviews, and document studies. Data validation applied triangulation of sources and methods. Data analysis used the Atlas ti.8 application. Research stages; determining topics, compiling interview guidelines, selecting data collection methods, collecting data, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Research results; (1) the role of BK teachers in identifying students' potential, interests, talents, providing guidance in choosing education or careers, as motivators, facilitators, mediators, directors, program managers, and informants, (2) BK teacher strategies in student career planning; providing basic services to recognize self-potential, motivating, encouraging the use of technology, and digital platforms, and (3) implementation of BK programs through an integrated process, including; program planning, resource provision, implementation of evaluation services, feedback, and continuous improvement. Program innovation and monitoring are integral parts to maintain the relevance and effectiveness of BK services. The success of BK program implementation depends on the quality of coordination and commitment of all parties in developing the program.

This qualitative study aims to explore the effectiveness of reward-and-punishment-based Islamic Religious Education in strengthening students' learning motivation at SMA Negeri 1 Bukateja using Travis Hirschi's social control theory framework. This research was conducted through a case study approach in one of the public high schools in Purbalingga Regency. Data were collected through interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of rewards and punishments functions as a social control mechanism that is able to activate four elements of social bonds: attachment, commitment, involvement, and trust. The reward system in the form of praise, certificates, and gifts has been proven to strengthen the emotional bond between students and teachers, thereby increasing active participation and enthusiasm for learning. Meanwhile, educational punishments, such as reprimands, additional assignments, and community service, are able to build student commitment to rules and reduce indiscipline behavior.This study contributes to the development of Islamic education theory through a social control perspective and serves as a practical reference for Islamic Religious Education teachers in designing effective, fair, and sustainable learning systems.

Pierhead casting is a critical activity in toll road infrastructure projects that requires continuous concrete supply to maintain quality and execution time. Factors influencing the smooth casting process include the regularity of truck mixer arrival intervals and the work cycle of the truck concrete pump. This study aims to analyze the effect of truck mixer intervals and truck concrete pump performance on the productivity of pierhead casting at Pierhead P37S on the Solo–Yogyakarta–NYIA Toll Road Project, Section 2 Package 2.1A. The analysis method used field observation through time study techniques to measure the cycle duration of truck mixers and the operating time of the truck concrete pump. The analysis stages included calculating cycle time, productivity, production capacity, and working duration of each equipment. The results show that the truck concrete pump achieved a productivity of 0.425 m³/minute, while the truck mixer reached 0.989 m³/minute. These values were influenced by cycle time, equipment condition, work area condition, execution method, and work volume. Based on duration analysis, the truck concrete pump required about 4.7 hours to complete the casting of 120 m³ of ready-mix concrete, while the truck mixer required 2.022 hours to support the concrete supply process.

This study aims to analyze the effect of capital structure, asset growth, and firm size on firm value in plastic and packaging sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2024 period. Firm value is proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV), capital structure is measured using the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), asset growth is measured by the asset growth ratio, and firm size is measured using the natural logarithm of total assets. This research employed an explanatory quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from financial statements, annual reports, and stock price data. The sample consisted of 11 companies observed over five years, resulting in 55 panel data observations. Data were analyzed using panel data regression through the Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, and Random Effect Model, with model selection based on the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests. The results indicate that capital structure, asset growth, and firm size have no significant effect on firm value, either partially or simultaneously. These findings suggest that firm value in the plastic and packaging sub-sector is not sufficiently explained by financing structure, asset expansion, or company size. Investors are more likely to consider other factors, such as profitability, operational efficiency, cash flow, sales growth, raw material risk, and sustainability prospects. Therefore, companies should improve financial performance, asset efficiency, cost control, and sustainable innovation to enhance firm value.

This study examines the recurring traffic accidents at the Bawen intersection in Semarang Regency, particularly involving heavy vehicles descending from the toll exit. The research aims to analyze the underlying causes and formulate an effective accident prevention model. Using a qualitative empirical juridical approach, data were collected through field observations, interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal that accidents are caused by a systemic interaction of factors, including inadequate road geometry, vehicle technical failures (especially brake malfunction), driver fatigue and limited competence, suboptimal traffic management, and weak preventive law enforcement. These interrelated factors create a high-risk traffic environment, particularly at signalized intersections at the end of steep descents. The study proposes an integrated prevention model combining infrastructure improvement, vehicle supervision, driver capacity enhancement, technology-based traffic management, and preventive law enforcement. This model emphasizes a holistic and sustainable approach to traffic safety. The implications highlight the need for coordinated policies among stakeholders to reduce accident rates and improve overall road safety in the region.

One of the key sectors driving regional economic growth which boosts local revenue, creates jobs, and fosters regional development is tourism. This study aims to analyze the state of human resources (HR) in the management of tourist attractions in Semarang Regency and to formulate strategies for their improvement. The method used is qualitative descriptive research through observation, interviews, and documentation, with analysis employing the Human Capital Index (HCI) and SWOT analysis. The results indicate that destination facilities are generally adequate, but service quality and the availability of information remain suboptimal. An HCI score of 2.84 (moderate category) indicates that HR capacity, competence, and development still need to be improved. Therefore, HR strengthening strategies are needed through capacity building, competency-based training, and performance management enhancement to improve service quality and destination competitiveness.

Semarang Regency harbors an exceptional geological record comprising three evolutionary phases of the Kendeng Zone: deep-marine sedimentation (Early Miocene–Pleistocene), tectonic uplift, and ongoing volcanism of Mount Ungaran. This study aims to inventory and identify geodiversity, biodiversity, and cultural diversity across 19 sub-districts of Semarang Regency as a scientific foundation for the Semarang Regency Geopark Master Plan, and as the initial step toward UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) designation. An integrative literature review with a qualitative-descriptive approach, complemented by field observations, was employed. The inventory identified 22 geosites, 19 biosites, and 19 culture sites with demonstrable causal interconnections. The key uniqueness of Semarang Geopark lies in its complete record of three geological phases within one integrated area—from ancient deep-sea floor sediments in Bancak Sub-district, comparable to the Luk Ulo Mélange Complex of Kebumen UGGp, to active hydrothermal manifestations of Mount Ungaran at the Gedongsongo Temple Complex. The geotourism narrative 'Traversing the Time Corridor: From the Ancient Ocean Floor to the Summit of the Magma Pathway' is proposed as a unifying theme integrating conservation, education, and sustainable economic development. This study confirms the international potential of Semarang Regency Geopark based on the UNESCO & IUGS (2023) geological heritage assessment criteria.

Asset inventory management is vital for enhancing the operational efficiency of an organization. At the Communication and Informatics Office of Tegal Regency, the process for managing asset inventory is still performed manually, leading to various issues including challenges in asset documentation, data retrieval, management of borrowing, reporting damage, and overseeing the condition of assets. This research intends to create a web-based asset inventory management solution that leverages Quick Response (QR) Code technology to boost the effectiveness, efficiency, and precision of inventory management. The methodology employed for the system's development was Agile Development, which includes stages such as planning, analyzing requirements, designing the system, developing, testing, and conducting iterative evaluations. Data gathering was conducted through observation, interviews, and reviewing existing literature. The completed system offers several key features, such as inventory management, the ability to generate and scan QR Codes, processes for borrowing and returning assets, damage reporting, a monitoring dashboard, and management of user access based on roles.  The findings reveal that the implemented system enhances asset identification through QR Codes, delivers real-time inventory data, and enables more efficient monitoring of assets. According to Black Box Testing results, all functionalities of the system performed in alignment with the identified functional requirements. Consequently, the web-based asset inventory management system utilizing QR Code technology can act as a useful solution to enhance the asset inventory management quality at the Communication and Informatics Office of Tegal Regency.

Advancements in information technology encourage MSMEs to utilize information systems to enhance the effectiveness of their business management. Es Teh Arjuna, an MSME in Tegal City, faces challenges in monitoring partner sales and managing revenue because transactions are recorded manually using disparate methods; this results in slow data recapitulation, a risk of recording errors, and difficulty for the business owner in quickly accessing sales information. This study aims to analyze requirements, design, develop, and test a web-based information system for partner sales and revenue that provides information in  real-time. The Waterfall model was used for system development, while data collection involved observation, interviews, and a literature review. The system was developed using PHP and MySQL and tested via Black Box Testing. The results demonstrate that the system successfully integrates sales data from all outlets into a centralized database, streamlining the management of products, outlets, employees, cashiers, and sales transactions, as well as facilitating the generation of revenue reports for specific periods. Furthermore, the system enables the business owner to monitor sales performance more quickly, accurately, and systematically, thereby supporting decision-making and improving the operational efficiency of Es Teh Arjuna.

This study aims to determine and analyze the impact of the work environment on employee job satisfaction at the Human Resources Development Agency (BPSDM) of Jambi Province. The research is motivated by the importance of a supportive work environment in creating comfort, increasing motivation, and improving employee job satisfaction, since preliminary observations found several work-environment problems such as inadequate room cooling, disrupted toilet water supply, and unstable Wi-Fi network. This study used a quantitative approach with an associative research design. The population consisted of 75 employees, all of whom were used as the sample through a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using a four-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed with validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and simple linear regression using SPSS. The results show that the work environment has a significant impact on employee job satisfaction, evidenced by a significance value smaller than 0.05, with a coefficient of determination of 61.8 percent. This indicates that the better the work environment, both physical and non-physical, the higher the employee job satisfaction. This research is expected to serve as a consideration for the agency in improving the quality of the work environment to support employee job satisfaction and performance.

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia. Based on the 2025 National Health Reporting System survey, ARI ranked first among diseases with the highest number of cases, reaching more than 14.5 million cases. This study aimed to determine and analyze the relationship between environmental sanitation and nutritional status with the incidence of ARI among children under five following flood disasters in the working area of Panteraja Community Health Center, Pidie Jaya Regency. The study employed a quantitative method with an analytical observational design using a case-control approach. The dependent variable was the incidence of ARI among under-five children, while the independent variables were environmental sanitation and nutritional status. The sample consisted of 122 children under five, including 61 children with ARI and 61 children without ARI. The results of the chi-square test showed a significant relationship between environmental sanitation and ARI incidence (p = 0.000; OR = 0.042; 95% CI = 0.014–0.133), as well as between nutritional status and ARI incidence (p = 0.000; OR = 0.011; 95% CI = 0.001–0.083). These findings indicate that poor environmental sanitation and inadequate nutritional status contribute to the occurrence of ARI among children under five after flooding. Therefore, promotive and preventive efforts, along with regular monitoring of children's nutritional status, are essential to reduce the risk of ARI.

The increasing emphasis on sustainable business practices has encouraged companies to integrate environmental and social responsibilities into their strategic and financial decision-making processes. This study investigates the influence of Green Accounting on Firm Value and examines the moderating role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within the Triple Bottom Line framework. A quantitative research design was employed using panel data from 23 energy, mining, and infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2022–2024 period, resulting in 69 firm-year observations. Secondary data were collected from annual reports and sustainability reports and analyzed using descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The findings indicate that Green Accounting does not have a significant direct effect on Firm Value, while CSR also shows no significant direct influence. Furthermore, CSR is unable to significantly moderate the relationship between Green Accounting and Firm Value. These results suggest that sustainability initiatives implemented by Indonesian companies have not yet generated measurable short-term financial benefits, although they may contribute to long-term corporate legitimacy, stakeholder trust, and sustainable competitiveness. The study provides practical implications for corporate managers, investors, and policymakers by emphasizing the importance of strengthening sustainability reporting quality and integrating environmental and social strategies into long-term corporate value creation.

This study examines the effects of Net Profit Margin, audit opinion, and firm size on audit delay among construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2025. Audit delay is measured as the period between the fiscal year-end and the issuance date of the independent auditor’s report. Timely financial reporting is particularly important in the construction sector due to its complex long-term projects, progress-based revenue recognition, cost estimation, and high financial risks. Using a quantitative approach, the study analyzes secondary data from annual financial statements and independent auditor reports. The sample includes 14 construction companies observed over seven years, producing 98 observations. Panel data regression was conducted using EViews, with the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests identifying the Random Effect Model as the most appropriate estimation method. The findings show that Net Profit Margin does not significantly affect audit delay. In contrast, audit opinion and firm size have negative and significant effects, indicating that favorable audit opinions and larger company size are associated with shorter audit completion periods. Collectively, the three variables significantly influence audit delay, although they explain only 15.75% of its variation.

Earnings management remains a major concern in the banking industry because it may reduce the credibility and reliability of financial reporting. At the same time, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has increasingly been recognized as an important governance mechanism that enhances corporate transparency, accountability, and stakeholder trust. However, previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the role of firm size in the relationship between CSR and earnings management. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of CSR on earnings management and investigate whether firm size acts as a mediating variable in Indonesian banking companies. This research employed a quantitative explanatory approach using panel data from 22 banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2022–2024 period, resulting in 66 observations. Data were analyzed using panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model and mediation analysis through the Sobel test using EViews 12. The findings indicate that CSR has a significant negative effect on earnings management and a significant positive effect on firm size. Furthermore, firm size partially mediates the relationship between CSR and earnings management, indicating that CSR reduces earnings management both directly and indirectly through organizational scale. These findings provide theoretical support for stakeholder and legitimacy theories and offer practical insights for managers and regulators in strengthening CSR implementation to improve financial reporting quality and corporate transparency.

Good study habits are an important factor in achieving success in elementary school learning. However, based on observations in class 3 of SDN 1 Bugel, it was found that students still show less disciplined behavior during the learning process, especially during group activities, such as talking without permission, not paying attention, and not following classroom rules. This study aims to improve students' study discipline in grade 3 of SDN 1 Bugel by using the Star Rewards system within the cooperative learning model called Numbered Heads Together (NHT). This study uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) approach with a two-cycle design following the Kemmis and McTaggart model. The research subject is 17 third-grade students from SDN 1 Bugel. Data collection was done through observation, questionnaires, documentation, field notes, and interviews. Data analysis was done using both quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The research results show that using the Star Rewards system in cooperative learning type NHT has significantly improved students' discipline in studying. The average score on the discipline questionnaire increased from 69.5 in cycle I to 85.5 in cycle II, showing an increase of 16.03 points. The minimum score for students has gone up from 50 to 75, showing that all students have improved in terms of discipline. Giving positive reinforcement through stars has been proven to motivate students to be more disciplined, focused, and responsible during learning. This finding suggests that combining the NHT model with the Star Rewards system can be an effective strategy for helping build discipline in elementary school students.

This study aims to analyze the strengthening of digital marketing at Kasandi Foil Pond Printing in optimizing market reach and sales. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation involving the business owner directly. The result show that the implementation of digital marketing is still not optimal, as indicated by the Instagram account that has not been actively used and the use of WhatsApp which is still limited to simple communication and has not been structured as a marketing strategy. The strengthening efforts are carried out through three main strategies, namely optimizing the use of social media, creating attractive visual content, and improving online customer interaction. The visual content created using applications such as Canva and CorelDRAW is able to increase the attractiveness of promotions and attract potential customers. In addition, consistency in posting content and quick responses through WhatsApp also contribute to increased interaction and transaction opportunities. Therefore, strengthening digital marketing based on visual media and digital interaction has the potential to increase market reach and sales if implemented consistently.

Bilingual instruction is a learning strategy that can help students understand learning materials while bridging the gap between the language used at school and the language spoken in daily life. This study aims to analyze the effect of bilingual instruction on students' understanding of the Ecosystem topic at SDK Gusung Karang, Koja Gete Village. The study was motivated by the fact that students predominantly use the Sikka language in their daily communication, making it difficult for them to understand lessons delivered solely in Indonesian. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The research participants consisted of the fourth-grade homeroom teacher and fourth-grade students at SDK Gusung Karang. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation and analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The findings indicate that bilingual instruction has a positive impact on students' understanding of the Ecosystem topic. The use of the Sikka language helps students comprehend basic concepts, increases classroom participation, and enhances their confidence during the learning process. Meanwhile, Indonesian strengthens students' mastery of scientific terminology and academic language skills. Although students still experience difficulties in consistently using scientific terms in Indonesian, bilingual instruction improves their understanding and connects learning concepts with their real-life experiences. The effectiveness of this strategy depends on teachers' ability to manage language switching in a structured and consistent manner.