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Digital technology significantly impacts children's concentration. While educational apps and structured media positively influence cognitive development, learning motivation, memory, and problem-solving skills, excessive, uncontrolled use leads to negative effects. These include decreased concentration, language development issues, and dependence on devices, hindering creativity and independence. Rapid, responsive technological interactions accustom children to instant stimuli, making sustained attention difficult. Intense screen exposure can cause impulsivity, distractibility, and reduced focus. Therefore, adaptive and technology-aware parenting is crucial. Parental supervision, balanced integration, and time limits on device usage are essential to maximize benefits and minimize adverse effects on children's concentration and overall development    

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in personalized and adaptive learning environments has revolutionized the education sector by offering customized learning experiences tailored to individual student needs. This study explores the role of AI in enhancing adaptive learning through data-driven insights, intelligent tutoring systems, and real-time feedback mechanisms. By employing machine learning algorithms and natural language processing, AI-driven platforms can analyze student performance, predict learning patterns, and deliver personalized content. The study highlights the effectiveness of AI in addressing diverse learning styles, improving engagement, and optimizing educational outcomes. Furthermore, it discusses the implications of AI in fostering inclusive education and lifelong learning. The findings suggest that AI-powered learning environments significantly enhance student-centered education, promoting efficiency and accessibility.

This study aims to examine the role of academic guidance and counseling in helping SMA Negeri 1 Lembang students overcome mathematics learning difficulties. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with the main data obtained through in-depth interviews with students. The results show that academic guidance can improve students' understanding of math learning strategies, although its effectiveness depends on the quality and frequency of guidance. In addition, counseling guidance is proven to help students manage learning stress, especially through a personalized and empathic approach. Individual guidance approaches are more effective in meeting the needs of students with specific learning styles, while group guidance encourages collaboration and self-confidence. Teachers play an important role in creating a supportive learning environment, although some students still face challenges due to cognitive constraints and low motivation. This study concludes that quality mentoring can improve students' confidence, concept understanding and academic performance.

This research explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on personalized learning in educational settings. As traditional teaching methods struggle to cater to the diverse needs of students, AI offers innovative solutions that can tailor educational experiences to individual learning styles, preferences, and paces. This study investigates the various applications of AI technologies, including intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive learning platforms, and data-driven insights, to enhance personalized learning outcomes. By employing a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative analysis of academic performance metrics with qualitative feedback from students and educators, the research aims to assess the effectiveness of AI-driven personalized learning initiatives. The findings reveal that AI not only improves student engagement and motivation but also facilitates differentiated instruction that addresses learning gaps and strengths. Additionally, the study identifies challenges such as data privacy concerns and the need for professional development for educators to effectively integrate AI solutions into their teaching practices. Ultimately, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the role of AI in education, offering actionable recommendations for educators and policymakers to optimize personalized learning experiences for all students.

Physical education is something that cannot be separated from education in general because physical education fulfills all the goals and functions of education through the development of three aspects, namely cognitive, affective, and psychomotor of the students. Based on observations by the researcher, particularly in the 11th grade, many students still lack understanding and ability in demonstrating the basic movement of kicking a ball with the back of the foot in soccer. The hypothesis in this research is "The Self Check Style teaching method has an influence on improving the basic movement learning outcomes of kicking a ball with the back of the foot in soccer among the 11th-grade students of SMK Negeri 1 Tomohon.". The operational objective of this research is to compare whether the average score of basic movement learning in kicking with the back of the foot among students who are given treatment with the Self Check Style teaching method is higher than the average score of basic movement learning in kicking with the back of the foot in football among students who are not given the Self Check Style teaching method. This research uses the experimental method. The population consists of 194 students from the XI grade of SMK NEGERI 1 TOMOHON. And the sample consists of 40 students. The instrument of this research is a basic movement ability test for kicking with the back of the foot in soccer. The result of the hypothesis testing obtained a t-value of 9.2857. Based on the t-distribution table at ∝0.05 with degrees of freedom n1+n2-2 = 20+20-2= 38, the t-table value is obtained as 2.024. so the calculated t is greater than the table t (calculated t > table t). Based on the testing criteria, if the calculated t-value is greater than the table t-value, then the null hypothesis (HO) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (HA) is accepted. The conclusion of this study is that the Self Check style of teaching has a significant impact on the improvement of basic movement learning in kicking a ball with the back of the foot in soccer among the 11th-grade students of SMK NEGERI 1 TOMOHON.

Educational psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on understanding the learning process and the factors that influence educational success. This article aims to describe the strategic position of educational psychology in the context of the development of science and the modern education system, as well as the benefits of its application for educators, students and the educational environment. This research uses a literature review method by analyzing various relevant theories and previous research. The results of the study show that educational psychology has an important position as a bridge between learning theory and educational practice. Educational psychology helps identify students' learning styles, design effective teaching methods, and understand students' psychological needs. Apart from that, the application of educational psychology can increase learning motivation, overcome student behavior problems, and create a conducive learning environment. Thus, educational psychology not only contributes to the optimization of the teaching and learning process, but also to the holistic development of students' potential.

This article discusses the significance of educational psychology in enhancing the teaching and learning process. Educational psychology provides insights into students' characteristics, including their needs, motivations, and diverse learning styles. With this understanding, educators can design more effective and responsive teaching methods tailored to individual students. Additionally, the article explores various psychological theories, such as behaviorism and cognitivism, that can be applied in educational contexts to improve learning outcomes. Emphasis is also placed on the importance of positive relationships between students and teachers in creating a conducive learning environment. Through the integration of psychology into the educational curriculum, it is hoped that the quality of learning in Indonesia can be improved, supporting the holistic development of students' character and potential.

As a result of the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the personality and professional behavior of educators at the As-Sulthon Mersam – Batang Hari Islamic Boarding School have a significant influence on the effectiveness of education at the Islamic boarding school. Warrior Personality Influences Professional Behavior The personality of educators in Islamic boarding schools, which tend to vary between extrovert and introvert, plays an important role in determining their leadership style and interactions with students and colleagues. Overall, developing the personality and professional behavior of educators must be a priority to create a conducive educational environment, improve the quality of learning, and encourage the progress of students at the As-Sulthon Mersam – Batang Hari Islamic Boarding School.

The ability of students of SMP Negeri 1 Tomohon in learning physical education more specifically in mastering basic techniques in volleyball games is still a lot of students who have not been able to do underhand pass. This is because the mastery of the basic techniques of underhand pass by students given by the PE teacher turns out to be through the command style method of underhand pass material only limited to talking, orders through words. This is because the mastery of the basic techniques of underhand pass by students given by the PE teacher turns out to be through the command style method of underhand pass material only limited to talking, orders through words. The method used in this research is experimental method. The sample used was students of SMP Negeri 1 Tomohon in the academic year 2024 / 2025 totaling 30 people, which were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group with a command style totaling 15 people and a control group that did not get treatment totaling 15 people. The instrument used in this study was the “Braddy Volley Ball Test Modification. The data analysis technique used is the t-test statistical analysis technique, before the t-test is carried out. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of the application of command style on improving underhand pass skills in volleyball games in students of SMP Negeri 1 Tomohon.

The results of observations in the field show that Class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Kumelembuai do not master the technique of dribbling with the inside of the foot when playing soccer. One of the other problems found is that the learning method used to teach players to dribble with the inside foot in soccer games is still conventional. There is no known learning method that can improve dribbling skills with the inside foot in soccer games or whether students have the ability to dribble with the inside foot in soccer games. This research uses an experimental method. This study involved 30 male students from Class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Kumelembuai. Furthermore, the sample was divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group, each of which had 15 people. The instrument used is a test of dribbling skills with the inside foot in soccer games. The data analysis technique used is the t-test statistical analysis technique, before the t-test is carried out, it first begins with testing the analysis requirements, namely the data normality test and the variance homogeneity test. Based on the results of hypothesis testing using the t test statistic, the results of this study can be concluded that there is an effect of the application of the practice style on the ability to dribble using the inside foot in the soccer game of SMP Negeri 2 Kumelembuai students.

Physical education is a very important subject in school, because physical education learning has the concept of developing psychomotor, cognitive and affective aspects. Physical education has a learning process that prioritizes basic movements rather than basic techniques, but good and correct mastery of basic movements can make it easier for students to master basic techniques. The problem in this research is whether the implementation of an inclusive teaching style has an influence on the basic movement skills of the top serve in volleyball in class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Tondano. This research aims to find out how much influence the inclusive teaching style has on basic movement skills in volleyball serves in class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Tondano. The research method used is an experimental research method. The population in this study was all students in class XI of SMA Negeri 1 Tondano, totaling 212 students. The SMAple in this study was 20 people taken at random and then divided into 2 groups, namely the experimental group, which consisted of 10 students, and the control group, which consisted of 10 students. This group division was carried out using the Simple Random Sampling Technique. The research instrument used was "Basic movement test on top serves in volleyball". Based on hypothesis testing using t test statistics, this research can be concluded that there is an influence of the application of an inclusive teaching style on basic movement skills in the top serve in the volleyball game of class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Tondano.

Technological developments can increase the effectiveness of curriculum supervision, however the challenges of unequal access and lack of training must still be overcome to achieve optimal learning goals. The aim of this research is that researchers state Curriculum Supervision in the Digital Era in Facing Challenges and Opportunities that digital-based supervision can increase efficiency, make monitoring easier, and provide faster feedback to educators and students. This research design uses a qualitative type with a case study approach to understand in depth the implementation of curriculum supervision in the digital era at SMA Darussalam Blokagung. Sources of informants in this research include: Principals, teachers and students of Darussalam High School. The data collection technique in this research is observation. Interviews and documentation. Data analysis in this research uses the Miles Huberman model with 3 stages including data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this research: Curriculum Supervision in the Digital Era in Facing Challenges and Opportunities produced findings including: varied learning styles, Teacher training and innovative curriculum.

Foreign language learning anxiety is a prevalent emotional phenomenon among English major students that significantly impacts their learning effectiveness and motivation. This study comprehensively examines the definition, classification, causes, and complex effects of foreign language learning anxiety from a theoretical perspective. Through analyzing the interplay of personal factors (such as self-esteem, learning styles, learning motivation) and environmental factors (such as teaching methods, classroom atmosphere, test pressure, cultural differences), it reveals the multidimensional nature of foreign language learning anxiety. The research indicates that this anxiety not only reduces learners' motivation and efficiency but also interferes with their cognitive processes, affects the development of speaking and listening skills, and even negatively impacts their physical and mental health. To address this issue, based on the Affective Filter Hypothesis, Humanistic Psychology, Constructivist Learning Theory, and Social Interaction Theory, this study proposes educational intervention strategies, including optimizing curriculum design, improving teaching evaluation systems, establishing psychological counseling mechanisms, and strengthening the emotional support function of teachers. These strategies aim to create a positive, interactive learning environment to help students overcome anxiety and enhance learning outcomes.

The problem in this study is that students of class XI SMK Negeri 1 Tomohon do not get learning guidelines, namely task cards containing basic motion concepts on the kopstand in floor gymnastics. Students lack the opportunity to learn in the realm of knowledge and movement skills; namely the absence of interaction (feedback) as observers and performers of motion in the learning process of basic movements on the kopstand in floor gymnastics. The research method used in this research is the experimental method, the research design used is “Pre-test and post-test randomized control group design”. The population in this study were students of class XI SMK Negeri 1 Tomohon, totaling 194 students. The sample in this study amounted to 40 students. The instrument used was “basic movement ability test on kopstand in floor gymnastics”. The data obtained were tested with the t test with a confidence level of α = 0.05. The conclusions in this study are: tcount = 8.7049 > ttable = 2.0243. Based on the testing criteria, if the tcount is greater than the ttable (tcount> ttable), then H0 is rejected, which means HA is accepted so that “The application of the reciprocal teaching style has a significant effect on increasing mastery of basic movements on the kopstand in floor gymnastics in class XI students of SMK Negeri 1 Tomohon”.

Reciprocal style is a teaching style where students have the opportunity to give feedback to their peers or partners.  This allows students to improve their learning outcomes and increase social interaction with their peers. Table tennis games that are usually taught in schools have the aim that students can have knowledge and understanding of table tennis itself and can develop sportsmanship and actively participate in table tennis learning. The method in this research is experimental method. The population in this study were students of class X SMAN 1 Tondano which amounted to 172 students. The sample used in this study was 26 students of class X who were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group of 13 students and the control group of 13 students. The conclusion of this study is that the application of reciprocal style can have an influence on basic movements on forehand push shots in table tennis games on basic movements on forehand push shots in table tennis games for students of SMA Negeri 1 Tondano.  

This study analyzes variation skills as a strategy to improve the effectiveness of learning in early childhood. Early childhood has unique characteristics, such as short attention span and high curiosity, so variation in learning is essential to maintain their interest and engagement. Variation includes the use of various methods, media, teaching styles, and activities, which are adjusted to the developmental needs of children. Through a qualitative approach based on literature studies, this study found that variation in learning can improve children's learning motivation, concentration, and social and emotional skills. Variation also supports multisensory-based learning that strengthens conceptual understanding. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of training for teachers to master variation skills in learning, in order to create meaningful and enjoyable learning experiences for early childhood.

Education is the process of forming and developing individual character through learning activities. Education can also be considered a provision given to someone that will be useful in the future or when they are adults. Volleyball is one of the most popular sports in the community because it is affordable and can be played anywhere. after making observations in the field, it turns out that there are many students who do not understand and understand the lessons with this method. this is evident from the report card grades of physical education students, many of whom still do not reach the standard score or KKN (75) and it is also evident when researchers make observations when teachers teach many students who do not understand and have difficulty doing a movement. The method used in this research is the experimental method and the sample used in this study were students of SMK Negeri 1 Tomohon totaling 34 students and divided into two groups, namely the experimental group of 17 students and the control group of 17 students. The research design used was Randomized Pre-test and Post-test Control Group Desing. The instrument used is the Basic Gear Mastery Test on Spike in Volleyball Games. The conclusion in this study is that the application of the inclusion style has an influence on improving basic movements on spikes in volleyball games for students of SMK NEGERI 1 TOMOHON.

This study aims to analyze the intuitive thinking skills of junior high school students in solving geometric problems based on their learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. The research employed a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through a learning style questionnaire to categorize students, problem-solving tests on geometric shapes, and in-depth interviews to explore students' intuitive thinking abilities. The findings indicate that students with a visual learning style exhibit stronger intuitive thinking skills compared to those with auditory and kinesthetic learning styles. Visual learners provided clear and well-structured answers aligned with intuitive thinking indicators such as Catalytic Inference, Power of Synthesis, and Common Sense. Conversely, auditory learners tended to give less detailed answers, although they could identify relevant information. Kinesthetic learners offered brief and less detailed responses, particularly in specifying measurements and units in their calculations. These findings underscore the importance of understanding students' diverse learning styles to optimize mathematics teaching strategies, particularly in enhancing problem-solving skills and intuitive thinking.

This research aims to find out how much influence parenting patterns and the influence of the community environment have on the science learning outcomes of class V students at SDI Harekake, Malacca Regency. Data in the research were taken using questionnaires and tests. The questionnaire was divided into two groups, namely to reveal data on parenting patterns and the community environment. Test scores are used to reveal the science learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SDI Harekakae. The analysis technique used in hypothesis testing is a multiple linear analysis technique. The results of the research show that, there is no significant influence between parenting styles on the science learning outcomes of class V students at SDI Harekakae with a significance value of 0.1630 > 0.05. There is no significant influence between the community environment on the science learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SDI Harekakae. This is proven by the calculation results which show a significance value of 0.0826 > 0.05 and there is no significant influence between parenting style and the community environment on science learning outcomes. fifth grade student at SDI Harekakae. Because the significant value of parenting patterns and the community environment is greater than the Alpa Value.

It is important to understand that students' academic achievement is not only influenced by their cognitive abilities, but also by non-cognitive factors such as social-emotional skills and learning styles. In an effort to improve the quality of education and facilitate the optimal development of students at SMA Negeri 3 Kejuruan Muda, it is hoped that the report on the results of the non-cognitive diagnostic assessment can be a strong foundation for SMA Negeri 3 Kejuruan Muda in developing holistic, adaptive, and student-centered learning strategies. Through a better understanding of the social-emotional aspects and learning styles, schools can create a learning environment that supports not only academic achievement, but also students' optimal personal and social development. Thus, this study aims to (1) Identify students' social-emotional abilities and areas that require further support. (2) Assess students' learning styles to adjust teaching methods to their preferences. (3) Provide recommendations based on assessment results to improve support and learning strategies in schools. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through a google form questionnaire distributed to all students of SMA Negeri 3 Kejuruan Muda. The results of the study showed that 10.5% of students had high social emotional abilities, 60.5% of their social emotional abilities were said to be sufficient, 27.8% needed improvement and 1.2% needed significant development by BK teachers or counselors. Meanwhile, the Learning Styles possessed by students at SMAN 3 Kejuruan Muda were 40% Visual learning style, 30% Auditory learning style and 30% Kinesthetic learning style. Furthermore, the recommended treatment recommendations for students with high levels of social emotional abilities are to become peer counselors, students who have moderate social emotional abilities can be guided by peer counselors and students who have low levels of social emotional abilities require guidance by BK teachers or professional counselors. Meanwhile, recommendations for visual learning styles can be presented with learning media in the form of images, videos or slides, auditory learning styles are presented with learning media in the form of audio recordings or listening to explanations from teachers and kinesthetic learning styles can be included in games, simulations, practicums, projects and demonstrating learning materials.