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Stunting is a critical issue that can be addressed through various interventions, one of which involves the active participation of community cadres. This study aimed to assess the role of knowledge and motivation as mediating factors between the duration of service as a cadre and their performance in the stunting prevention program at the Tajinan and Wagir Health Centers. The research used an analytic observational study design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 608 cadres across two health centers, and a sample of 125 cadres from each health center was selected using proportional cluster random sampling. To analyze the data, an Independent Sample T-Test was used to compare the duration of service as a cadre, knowledge, motivation, and performance between the two health centers. Path analysis was conducted to explore the impact of the duration of service as a cadre on performance, mediated by knowledge and motivation. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the knowledge and performance of the cadres, while the duration of service and motivation did not show significant differences between the two health centers. Path analysis revealed that knowledge and motivation were not significant mediators in the relationship between the duration of service and cadre performance. Furthermore, the length of time as a cadre did not significantly impact performance in either health center. However, motivation emerged as the most influential factor, with a substantial effect on the performance of the cadres in both health centers. Based on these findings, it is recommended that stunting prevention programs focus on enhancing the motivation of cadres to improve their performance, rather than solely relying on the duration of their service or their knowledge levels.

Low exclusive breastfeeding rates are often linked to the widespread use of formula milk in infants. Formula feeding cannot replace colostrum, the first milk produced after birth, which is crucial for providing infants with essential nutrients and immunity. Without colostrum, infants are at increased risk of developing diarrhea, septicemia, meningitis, and other serious health complications. Additionally, formula milk may lead to protein intolerance, which often results in allergies among infants. This study aims to identify the factors associated with formula feeding in infants aged 0-6 months. The study employed an analytic observational approach with a cross-sectional design, involving 55 mothers with infants aged 0-6 months. Participants were selected using accidental sampling. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square statistical test. The univariate analysis revealed that the majority of respondents (56.4%) had good knowledge of infant feeding practices, while 30.9% had a junior high school education. Most respondents (76.4%) were not employed, and 56.4% of mothers reported giving formula milk to their infants. The bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and formula feeding practices, but no significant relationship was found between the mother's education level or employment status and the use of formula milk. Based on these findings, it is recommended that healthcare workers play a more active role in providing education, information, and motivation to mothers, helping them understand the benefits and advantages of exclusive breastfeeding. By increasing maternal knowledge and addressing misconceptions, healthcare workers can contribute to improving exclusive breastfeeding rates and reducing the unnecessary use of formula feeding.

Sectio caesarea (CS) is a common surgical procedure for high-risk deliveries, but one complication that may occur is slow wound healing. This can be influenced by several factors, one of which is early mobilization. Early mobilization improves blood circulation, reduces the risk of thrombosis, and accelerates wound healing. However, many post-CS mothers are hesitant to engage in early mobilization due to pain and discomfort. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between early mobilization and the duration of wound healing in post-CS mothers at Morotai Island Hospital. An analytical cross-sectional design was used, involving 16 post-CS mothers who were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was performed through observation, interviews, and a questionnaire, along with an examination of postoperative wound conditions. The Wilcoxon statistical test was used to assess the relationship between early mobilization and wound healing duration. The findings showed that mothers who engaged in early mobilization experienced faster wound healing compared to those who did not. The statistical test revealed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between early mobilization and wound healing duration. Early mobilization was shown to be an effective strategy for accelerating post-CS recovery, as mothers who mobilized early had quicker recovery times. Based on these results, it is recommended that early mobilization be integrated into postoperative care plans to improve recovery and prevent complications. Additionally, more intensive education on the benefits of early mobilization should be provided to post-CS mothers. Healthcare providers at Morotai Island Regional Hospital should offer support and motivation to encourage mothers to engage in early mobilization, ultimately aiding in faster recovery.

The development of critical thinking skills is essential for preparing future generations to effectively navigate the challenges posed by rapid technological and scientific advancements. This study examines the effectiveness of STEM-based learning (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) in enhancing critical thinking skills among elementary school students in Indonesia. Using a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test control group design, this research involved 120 students from three elementary schools in East Java. The experimental group was taught using an integrated STEM approach, while the control group continued with a traditional curriculum. The primary objective was to assess how STEM-based learning impacts students' critical thinking, particularly in areas such as problem-solving, reasoning, and analysis. The results revealed a significant improvement in the critical thinking abilities of students in the STEM group compared to the control group. Students in the experimental group demonstrated enhanced skills in problem-solving and reasoning, with notable improvements in their ability to analyze and evaluate information. Additionally, the STEM group exhibited higher levels of engagement, curiosity, and motivation in their learning, along with a greater ability to apply interdisciplinary knowledge to real-life contexts. These findings suggest that STEM-based learning can play a crucial role in developing critical thinking and other essential skills required in the 21st century. This research underscores the potential benefits of incorporating STEM education into elementary school curricula to foster critical thinking and prepare students for future challenges. The study recommends that policymakers and educators focus on providing the necessary training, resources, and support to effectively implement STEM-based learning in primary education. By doing so, we can ensure that students develop the skills needed to succeed in a rapidly evolving world.  

Low exclusive breastfeeding rates are often linked to the widespread use of formula milk in infants. Formula feeding cannot replace colostrum, the first milk produced after birth, which is crucial for providing infants with essential nutrients and immunity. Without colostrum, infants are at increased risk of developing diarrhea, septicemia, meningitis, and other serious health complications. Additionally, formula milk may lead to protein intolerance, which often results in allergies among infants. This study aims to identify the factors associated with formula feeding in infants aged 0-6 months. The study employed an analytic observational approach with a cross-sectional design, involving 55 mothers with infants aged 0-6 months. Participants were selected using accidental sampling. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square statistical test. The univariate analysis revealed that the majority of respondents (56.4%) had good knowledge of infant feeding practices, while 30.9% had a junior high school education. Most respondents (76.4%) were not employed, and 56.4% of mothers reported giving formula milk to their infants. The bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and formula feeding practices, but no significant relationship was found between the mother's education level or employment status and the use of formula milk. Based on these findings, it is recommended that healthcare workers play a more active role in providing education, information, and motivation to mothers, helping them understand the benefits and advantages of exclusive breastfeeding. By increasing maternal knowledge and addressing misconceptions, healthcare workers can contribute to improving exclusive breastfeeding rates and reducing the unnecessary use of formula feeding.

Sectio caesarea (CS) is a common surgical procedure for high-risk deliveries, but one complication that may occur is slow wound healing. This can be influenced by several factors, one of which is early mobilization. Early mobilization improves blood circulation, reduces the risk of thrombosis, and accelerates wound healing. However, many post-CS mothers are hesitant to engage in early mobilization due to pain and discomfort. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between early mobilization and the duration of wound healing in post-CS mothers at Morotai Island Hospital. An analytical cross-sectional design was used, involving 16 post-CS mothers who were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was performed through observation, interviews, and a questionnaire, along with an examination of postoperative wound conditions. The Wilcoxon statistical test was used to assess the relationship between early mobilization and wound healing duration. The findings showed that mothers who engaged in early mobilization experienced faster wound healing compared to those who did not. The statistical test revealed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between early mobilization and wound healing duration. Early mobilization was shown to be an effective strategy for accelerating post-CS recovery, as mothers who mobilized early had quicker recovery times. Based on these results, it is recommended that early mobilization be integrated into postoperative care plans to improve recovery and prevent complications. Additionally, more intensive education on the benefits of early mobilization should be provided to post-CS mothers. Healthcare providers at Morotai Island Regional Hospital should offer support and motivation to encourage mothers to engage in early mobilization, ultimately aiding in faster recovery.

The development of critical thinking skills is essential for preparing future generations to effectively navigate the challenges posed by rapid technological and scientific advancements. This study examines the effectiveness of STEM-based learning (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) in enhancing critical thinking skills among elementary school students in Indonesia. Using a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test control group design, this research involved 120 students from three elementary schools in East Java. The experimental group was taught using an integrated STEM approach, while the control group continued with a traditional curriculum. The primary objective was to assess how STEM-based learning impacts students' critical thinking, particularly in areas such as problem-solving, reasoning, and analysis. The results revealed a significant improvement in the critical thinking abilities of students in the STEM group compared to the control group. Students in the experimental group demonstrated enhanced skills in problem-solving and reasoning, with notable improvements in their ability to analyze and evaluate information. Additionally, the STEM group exhibited higher levels of engagement, curiosity, and motivation in their learning, along with a greater ability to apply interdisciplinary knowledge to real-life contexts. These findings suggest that STEM-based learning can play a crucial role in developing critical thinking and other essential skills required in the 21st century. This research underscores the potential benefits of incorporating STEM education into elementary school curricula to foster critical thinking and prepare students for future challenges. The study recommends that policymakers and educators focus on providing the necessary training, resources, and support to effectively implement STEM-based learning in primary education. By doing so, we can ensure that students develop the skills needed to succeed in a rapidly evolving world.  

Posyandu is a community-based health program managed by and for the community, aiming to strengthen local health systems and facilitate access to essential health services. The temporary disruption of Posyandu services during the COVID-19 pandemic has had adverse effects on vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and toddlers, highlighting the importance of resilient volunteer performance post-pandemic. This study aims to examine the correlation between post-pandemic competence and the implementation of the five main activities by Posyandu volunteers in Malang, Indonesia. Utilizing a quantitative correlational research design, the study involved a total sample of 123 Posyandu volunteers from two villages in Malang. Data collection was conducted over July to August 2023. The findings indicate a statistically significant but weak positive correlation between volunteer knowledge and motivation, with a p-value of 0.007 and a correlation coefficient of 0.242. This suggests that while increased knowledge is associated with higher motivation levels, the strength of this relationship is limited. Further analysis assessed the relationship between length of service and volunteer motivation, revealing no significant correlation (p = 0.675, r = -0.038). These results imply that the duration of volunteer service does not influence motivational levels among Posyandu volunteers. Given these findings, enhancing volunteers’ knowledge through regular training and refresher programs is essential to maintain motivation and improve service delivery. The study recommends continuous capacity-building efforts to empower Posyandu volunteers, thereby ensuring effective implementation of health activities post-pandemic. Future research should investigate additional factors that may affect volunteer motivation, such as social support, recognition, and workload. Understanding these dimensions can further strengthen Posyandu programs and support the vulnerable community members they serve.

Stunting is a critical issue that can be addressed through various interventions, one of which involves the active participation of community cadres. This study aimed to assess the role of knowledge and motivation as mediating factors between the duration of service as a cadre and their performance in the stunting prevention program at the Tajinan and Wagir Health Centers. The research used an analytic observational study design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 608 cadres across two health centers, and a sample of 125 cadres from each health center was selected using proportional cluster random sampling. To analyze the data, an Independent Sample T-Test was used to compare the duration of service as a cadre, knowledge, motivation, and performance between the two health centers. Path analysis was conducted to explore the impact of the duration of service as a cadre on performance, mediated by knowledge and motivation. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the knowledge and performance of the cadres, while the duration of service and motivation did not show significant differences between the two health centers. Path analysis revealed that knowledge and motivation were not significant mediators in the relationship between the duration of service and cadre performance. Furthermore, the length of time as a cadre did not significantly impact performance in either health center. However, motivation emerged as the most influential factor, with a substantial effect on the performance of the cadres in both health centers. Based on these findings, it is recommended that stunting prevention programs focus on enhancing the motivation of cadres to improve their performance, rather than solely relying on the duration of their service or their knowledge levels.

Posyandu is a community-based health program managed by and for the community, aiming to strengthen local health systems and facilitate access to essential health services. The temporary disruption of Posyandu services during the COVID-19 pandemic has had adverse effects on vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and toddlers, highlighting the importance of resilient volunteer performance post-pandemic. This study aims to examine the correlation between post-pandemic competence and the implementation of the five main activities by Posyandu volunteers in Malang, Indonesia. Utilizing a quantitative correlational research design, the study involved a total sample of 123 Posyandu volunteers from two villages in Malang. Data collection was conducted over July to August 2023. The findings indicate a statistically significant but weak positive correlation between volunteer knowledge and motivation, with a p-value of 0.007 and a correlation coefficient of 0.242. This suggests that while increased knowledge is associated with higher motivation levels, the strength of this relationship is limited. Further analysis assessed the relationship between length of service and volunteer motivation, revealing no significant correlation (p = 0.675, r = -0.038). These results imply that the duration of volunteer service does not influence motivational levels among Posyandu volunteers. Given these findings, enhancing volunteers’ knowledge through regular training and refresher programs is essential to maintain motivation and improve service delivery. The study recommends continuous capacity-building efforts to empower Posyandu volunteers, thereby ensuring effective implementation of health activities post-pandemic. Future research should investigate additional factors that may affect volunteer motivation, such as social support, recognition, and workload. Understanding these dimensions can further strengthen Posyandu programs and support the vulnerable community members they serve.

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of online learning, but its long-term effects on children's psychological well-being remain a concern. This paper investigates the impact of remote learning on students’ mental health, social interaction, and academic motivation. Based on surveys and case studies, the research highlights the challenges children face and suggests strategies to improve their online learning experiences.

Gamification—the use of game mechanics in non-gaming contexts—has proven to be an effective tool for enhancing children's learning experiences. This paper examines how gamified learning platforms influence early childhood education by improving motivation, attention span, and knowledge retention. The study evaluates the effectiveness of various educational games and proposes best practices for implementing gamification in preschool and primary education.

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of online learning, but its long-term effects on children's psychological well-being remain a concern. This paper investigates the impact of remote learning on students’ mental health, social interaction, and academic motivation. Based on surveys and case studies, the research highlights the challenges children face and suggests strategies to improve their online learning experiences.

Gamification—the use of game mechanics in non-gaming contexts—has proven to be an effective tool for enhancing children's learning experiences. This paper examines how gamified learning platforms influence early childhood education by improving motivation, attention span, and knowledge retention. The study evaluates the effectiveness of various educational games and proposes best practices for implementing gamification in preschool and primary education.

This study discusses the application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) method in Fiqh learning at MI Nurussalam through cutting and pasting activities. This research is motivated by fiqh learning which has a monotonous and boring impression and low fiqh learning outcomes in grade 2 MI Nurussalam. The PjBL model involves active students, increasing students' motivation and critical thinking process. The purpose of this research is to increase the activeness of students and their learning outcomes. The research was conducted through a classroom action research approach with two cycles. The second cycle is a cycle of improvement from the reflection of the first cycle. Learning outcomes are evaluated through observation sheets. Learning outcomes and student activity increased from the first cycle to the second cycle, learning became more interactive, and the target of completeness of learning outcomes was achieved in the second cycle. Therefore, it can be concluded that the PjBL model is proven to be able to increase the activeness and learning outcomes of students at MI Nurussalam Mantingan.

This study discusses the application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) method in Fiqh learning at MI Nurussalam through cutting and pasting activities. This research is motivated by fiqh learning which has a monotonous and boring impression and low fiqh learning outcomes in grade 2 MI Nurussalam. The PjBL model involves active students, increasing students' motivation and critical thinking process. The purpose of this research is to increase the activeness of students and their learning outcomes. The research was conducted through a classroom action research approach with two cycles. The second cycle is a cycle of improvement from the reflection of the first cycle. Learning outcomes are evaluated through observation sheets. Learning outcomes and student activity increased from the first cycle to the second cycle, learning became more interactive, and the target of completeness of learning outcomes was achieved in the second cycle. Therefore, it can be concluded that the PjBL model is proven to be able to increase the activeness and learning outcomes of students at MI Nurussalam Mantingan.

The herbal as a traditional medicine, that has become local wisdom of the Indonesian people needs to be preserved and developed in maintaining the health of families and communities. The study aims to creat community empowerment programs and support the development of health clinics and herbal tourism. The study used case studies method, and data were collected through observation, interviews, discussion and documentation. The study location took place in health clinic and herbal tourism, Kalibakung Village, Balapulang District, Tegal Regency, Central Java Province. The results showed that the raw materials of herbal plants to make herbal medicine in health clinics was still depend on the Center for the Development of Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicines in Tawangmangu Regency. Plant galleries in herbal tourism are still pilot project only, it have not been developed to become self-sufficient of health clinics. Community groups need to be involved as partners to supplying raw materials of health clinics and herbal tourism develop with empowerment programs. Local governments must be initiate and facilitate the implementation of empowerment for collaboration with social institutions, universities and herbalists to conduct socialization, counseling, training and assistance on herbal plant cultivation and herbal processing. Empowerment programs have important to increase motivation, understanding, and community skills in cultivating and processing herbal plants to improving socio-economic welfare and supporting the development of health clinics and herbal tourism.

The herbal as a traditional medicine, that has become local wisdom of the Indonesian people needs to be preserved and developed in maintaining the health of families and communities. The study aims to creat community empowerment programs and support the development of health clinics and herbal tourism. The study used case studies method, and data were collected through observation, interviews, discussion and documentation. The study location took place in health clinic and herbal tourism, Kalibakung Village, Balapulang District, Tegal Regency, Central Java Province. The results showed that the raw materials of herbal plants to make herbal medicine in health clinics was still depend on the Center for the Development of Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicines in Tawangmangu Regency. Plant galleries in herbal tourism are still pilot project only, it have not been developed to become self-sufficient of health clinics. Community groups need to be involved as partners to supplying raw materials of health clinics and herbal tourism develop with empowerment programs. Local governments must be initiate and facilitate the implementation of empowerment for collaboration with social institutions, universities and herbalists to conduct socialization, counseling, training and assistance on herbal plant cultivation and herbal processing. Empowerment programs have important to increase motivation, understanding, and community skills in cultivating and processing herbal plants to improving socio-economic welfare and supporting the development of health clinics and herbal tourism.

This study aims to determine the use of google form media to increase the learning motivation of grade 4 students at Kandangan 4 Elementary School, Kandangan District. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach to the type of classroom action research. The research was carried out in two cycles, each consisting of 4 stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data obtained are process data and result data. Collecting data using interview techniques, observation, tests, documentation, and field notes. Data analysis was carried out with the stages of reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the application of google form media can increase students' learning motivation. This is evidenced by the increase in teacher activity from 81.25% in the first cycle to 93.5% in the second cycle. The student activity increased from 81.8% in the first cycle to 90.9% in the second cycle. Meanwhile, the level of student motivation also increased from 66.5% in the pre-action to 84.8% in the first cycle and 88% in the second cycle. Teachers are expected to continue to develop online learning through the right and correct google form, and add some references about online learning that are more innovative and interesting for students in achieving the expected goals.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, it is mandatory for every education unit to implement the PJJ system. This causes various problems, including a decrease in students' learning motivation. This study aims to determine the application of e-Student Worksheet Live Worksheet in learning to increase learning motivation in Grade II elementary school students. The approach used is a qualitative approach. The type of research used in this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects used in this study were educators and class II students at Kraton Elementary School , Kediri Regency. The data collected in this study is the data of the thematic learning implementation process using the e-Student Worksheet Live Worksheet. The results showed that the use of e-Student Worksheet Live worksheet can increase teacher activities and student activities in learning activities and can increase students' learning motivation. For teachers, teachers should make variations in learning activities. One of them is by applying learning media in the form of e-Student Worksheet Live worksheet so that students do not get bored following learning activities and can be actively involved in learning activities.