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This study aims to examine the influence of principal leadership and school culture on teacher discipline in public junior high schools (SMP Negeri) in Sembawa District, Banyuasin Regency. Teacher discipline is an important factor in supporting the effectiveness of the learning process and achieving educational goals. Therefore, understanding the factors that contribute to teacher discipline is essential for improving school performance. This study employed a quantitative research method with a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires consisting of 66 statement items measured using a five-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed using statistical techniques to determine both partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on teacher discipline. The results indicate that principal leadership has a positive and significant partial effect on teacher discipline, as evidenced by a t-value of 5.127, which is greater than the t-table value of 1.9809. School culture also has a positive and significant partial effect on teacher discipline, with a t-value of 7.244 exceeding the t-table value of 1.9809. Furthermore, principal leadership and school culture simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on teacher discipline, as indicated by an F-value of 34.152, which is greater than the F-table value of 3.07. These findings suggest that strengthening principal leadership and fostering a positive school culture can significantly improve teacher discipline.

This study examines the predictive influence of religious habituation and teacher role modeling on students’ emotional intelligence in an Islamic elementary school context. A quantitative approach with an ex post facto design was employed, involving 78 students selected through total sampling. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that religious habituation has a positive and significant effect on students’ emotional intelligence, while teacher role modeling demonstrates a relatively stronger contribution. Simultaneously, both variables significantly predict emotional intelligence, explaining 74.9% of its variance. These results suggest that students’ socio-emotional development is shaped by the integration of structured religious practices and pedagogical modeling within the school environment. The study contributes to the ecological-religious perspective on character education by emphasizing the importance of consistent spiritual habituation and teachers’ personal competence in fostering emotional regulation and social skills. Practically, Islamic elementary schools are encouraged to strengthen religious culture programs and support teachers’ emotional and moral development to enhance students’ emotional intelligence.

Social media has become a double-edged sword; acting as a space for religious learning while simultaneously serving as a medium for spreading radicalism. As digital natives, students are vulnerable to extremist narratives if not equipped with adequate cognitive immunity. This study aims to examine the influence of Digital Religious Literacy and Critical Thinking skills on the resilience of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) students in countering radical narratives. Using a quantitative approach with a correlational method, this study involved 30 PAI students selected through random sampling. Data collection instruments used a Likert scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that: (1) The level of digital religious literacy and counter-radicalism attitudes of students were in the "very high" category with mean scores of 22.40 and 23.00 respectively; (2) There is a significant positive relationship (Sig. < 0.05) between digital literacy and critical thinking towards the attitude of countering radicalism; and (3) Simultaneously, these two variables contributed 68.2% in forming students' mental resilience in the digital space. These findings imply the need for a reorientation of the PAI curriculum that integrates the strengthening of critical reasoning and digital literacy as a fortress of religious moderation.

Customer satisfaction is a central issue in marketing management, as it plays a crucial role in determining customer loyalty amid increasingly intense business competition. A comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing customer satisfaction is essential not only for academics in strengthening marketing theory but also for practitioners in designing effective service and product strategies. This article aims to address two research questions: (1) what are the dominant factors influencing customer satisfaction, and (2) how does customer satisfaction relate to customer loyalty? The study employed a qualitative literature review method. The data consisted of scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025, accessed through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keyword “customer satisfaction.” From an initial selection of 30 articles, 27 were identified as relevant, and 5 core articles were further analyzed. The findings reveal three main themes: product and service quality as the dominant determinants of customer satisfaction; price, brand image, and promotion as supporting factors; and customer trust as an important mediating variable in building loyalty. This study concludes that customer satisfaction serves as a strategic link between service quality and customer loyalty. Future research is encouraged to explore the roles of digitalization, customer experience, and sustainability in shaping long-term customer satisfaction.

Customer satisfaction and loyalty are central issues in marketing management, as both play crucial roles in ensuring business sustainability amid increasing competition. Satisfied customers tend to make repeat purchases, provide positive recommendations, and build long-term relationships with the company. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence customer satisfaction and loyalty has become an important agenda for both academics and practitioners. This study aims to address two main questions: (1) What factors influence customer satisfaction? and (2) How does satisfaction contribute to the formation of customer loyalty? The method used is a literature review, selecting articles from various online databases such as ResearchGate, Academia, and open-access journals using the keywords customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Of the 45 identified articles, 20 were selected for in-depth analysis. The review results reveal three main trends: first, service and product quality are the most consistent determinants of satisfaction; second, price, promotion, and brand image play significant roles; and third, customer trust is an essential variable that strengthens the satisfaction–loyalty relationship. Overall, satisfaction functions as the main mediating variable in the formation of customer loyalty.

This study aims to examine the extent to which school principals’ policies influence student achievement at MTs Negeri 1 Bolaang Mongondow Timur. The role of the principal as the leader of an educational institution is not only limited to administrative functions but also extends to strategic decision-making that directly affects the learning process and students’ academic outcomes. Therefore, this research seeks to provide empirical evidence regarding the relationship between principals’ policies and student learning achievement. The research employed a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to students, documentation of academic records, and direct observation within the school environment. The population of this study comprised all students at MTs Negeri 1 Bolaang Mongondow Timur. The sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique to ensure that the respondents met the research criteria. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson’s correlation to measure the strength of the relationship between variables and the coefficient of determination to determine the extent of the principal’s policy contribution to student achievement. The findings revealed a significant and positive influence of the principal’s policies on student academic performance. The Pearson correlation coefficient obtained was 0.877, indicating a very strong relationship. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination of 77% showed that the principal’s policies contributed substantially to students’ academic achievement, while the remaining 23% was influenced by other factors such as family environment, individual motivation, and supporting infrastructure. In conclusion, the study highlights that school principals’ policies play an essential role in creating a conducive learning environment and supporting the improvement of student achievement. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of principals formulating adaptive, participatory, and student-oriented policies to enhance the quality of education at MTs Negeri 1 Bolaang Mongondow Timur.

Bank BTN Syariah Bekasi Branch is one of the Islamic banking institutions operating in Indonesia and plays an important role in providing sharia-based financial services. In running its business, this bank faces various challenges, one of which is the achievement of work targets by employees who are not optimal. The results of the performance assessment show that employee performance is still relatively low. This condition is allegedly influenced by low work motivation and leadership style that has not been able to drive maximum productivity, thus impacting operational effectiveness and achieving overall company goals. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of leadership style and work motivation on the performance of employees of Bank BTN Syariah Bekasi Branch, the research data sources used include primary data and secondary data, the type of research data is quantitative, the number of respondents in the study is 56 respondents, the data processing method used, descriptive analysis, multiple regression analysis, determination coefficients and hypothesis tests. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the leadership style variable has a positive influence on employee performance. Meanwhile, work motivation has no effect on employee performance. Simultaneously, there is an influence of leadership style and work motivation on employee performance. This can be proven based on the recorded F value of 43,883. which means it is greater than the F value of the table of 3.175. (43,883 > 3,175). In addition, the resulting significance value is 0.000, which is smaller than the significance level of 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05).  

The advancement of information technology has shifted marketing strategies from conventional to digital platforms, with TikTok emerging as a key driver of modern consumer behavior, including impulse buying. This phenomenon is evident in the local perfume industry, such as SAFF & Co, which has successfully captured a significant market share through strong content strategies. This study aims to analyze thej nfluence of Content Marketing, Price Discount, and Online Customer Review on Impulse Buying of SAFF & Co perfume via the TikTok application in Surabaya. A quantitative associative approach was employed, using an online questionnaire distributed to 100 TikTok users who have purchased the product. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that Content Marketing and Price Discount have a positive and significant effect on Impulse Buying, while Online Customer Review does not show a significant partial effect. However, simultaneously, all three variables positively and significantly influence Impulse Buying. These findings imply that businesses can stimulate consumer impulse purchases through effective content and discount strategies, while the role of customer reviews still requires optimization to strengthen their psychological impact on consumer purchasing decisions in social media environments.

The purpose of this study was to determine how much academic supervision at SMP Negeri 2 Sangatta Utara improves teacher performance. This study, which used a quantitative methodology and a straightforward linear regression analytic method, included all 41 of the school's teachers. Direct observation, the distribution of questionnaires, and documentation were used to gather data. The SPSS program was used to first assess the validity and reliability of each instrument. Descriptive statistics, linear regression testing to determine the association between variables, and normality and linearity tests were all part of the data analysis. With a significance value of 0.000 and a t-value of 4.299 that was higher than the t table of 2.021, the study's findings demonstrated a statistically significant association between academic supervision and the caliber of teacher performance. Furthermore, the use of academic supervision accounts for 51.1% of the difference in teacher performance, with other factors not included in this study influencing the remaining 48.9%. These results suggest that while academic supervision is a significant component in raising the caliber of teacher work, other outside variables still require consideration in order to achieve the best possible outcomes during the teaching process.

The purpose of this research is to ascertain how the work environment and leadership affect the performance of Civil Servants (ASN) in the Gowa Regency Regional Secretariat. This study uses a quantitative approach. Civil Servants (ASN) and non-ASN workers make up the population. 50 respondents make up the sample size as a consequence of the statistical sampling methodology combined with the random selection method. Techniques for gathering data include surveys, recordkeeping, and observation. Using SPSS version 30, multiple linear regression analysis and traditional assumption tests were the data analysis techniques used in this investigation.The findings indicate that the performance of ASN in the Gowa Regency Regional Secretariat is positively and significantly impacted by the leadership variable. The ASN in the Gowa Regency Regional Secretariat is positively and significantly impacted by the work environment variable. The ASN in the Regional Secretariat of Gowa Regency is positively and significantly impacted by leadership and work environment factors at the same time.

This research aims to determine the extent of the influence of classroom management on the discipline of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Sangatta Utara. This study uses a quantitative research method with a field research type. The determination of the sample size is done using the proportional random sampling formula with a percentage of 50%, resulting in a sample of 98 respondents. The data collection technique employs a questionnaire technique. The results of the first hypothesis testing using the t-test showed a calculated t-value of 5.482. Since this value is greater than the table value (5.482 < 1.984), it is concluded that the classroom management variable has a significant effect on student discipline on a partial basis. In the second data analysis using the F-test, a F-value of 30.050 was obtained, which is greater than the table value of 3.94, with a significant F-value of 0.001, which is smaller than the alpha value of 0.05, thus Ha is accepted. There is a positive influence of Classroom Management on the discipline of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Sangatta Utara. The results of the tested determination coefficient formula showed an r square value of 0.238 or 23.8%, which means that the contribution of the Classroom Management variable is 23.8%, which is considered low, while the remaining 76.2% is influenced by other factors outside the variables in this study.

This study aims to determine the influence of the yellow book extracurricular instructor strategy in improving student achievement. This study was conducted at the Musthafawiyah Islamic Boarding School. In this study, the researcher took samples using Total Sampling (saturated sample), this is because the population is less than 100 so that the entire population is used as a sample. The sample of this study was 48 people. The results of the data analysis obtained using data analysis techniques, namely descriptive analysis, requirement testing and hypothesis testing using the SPSS version 23 program. The results of the data analysis obtained the correlation coefficient value (rxy) = 0.536 with sig. (ρ) = 0.000 <0.05. So it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.287 of 28.7% with the remaining percentage of 71.3% influenced by other variables. With Fcount of 18.524. The conclusion is that there is a significant influence between the extracurricular yellow book mentor strategy variables in improving student achievement at the Musthafawiyah Islamic Boarding School. The extracurricular mentor strategy (X) has a significant effect on improving student achievement (Y). with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.287, which means that the extracurricular mentor strategy has an effect on improving student achievement with a percentage of 28.7% with the remaining percentage of 71.3% influenced by other variables.  Student achievement (Y) at the Musthafawiyah Islamic boarding school has a significance value of 0.128> 0.05, so the data is declared normally distributed and is in the good category with a percentage of 87.2%.

Being a teacher is a noble task because it has an important role in educating the nation and shaping the character of the new generation, because the micro teaching program is important to prepare students to become professional educators. This article aims to examine the Role of Field Supervisors in Increasing the Effectiveness of the Micro Teaching Program of the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Al-Qur'an Science University, Wonosobo. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method on 35 DPLs who guided 409 students in the micro teaching program. The results of the study indicate that DPLs have an important role in the effectiveness of the microteaching program by coordinating planning, implementation and reporting with the Committee, Faculty, and students, in order to ensure a significant impact for each party. In addition, student readiness and involvement appear as mediators in this relationship. These findings influence students and universities to try to enrich learning methods and strategies. Future studies can explore additional variables that further optimize the impact of multiple approaches and micro teaching on students' readiness to undergo the PPL program.

The principal's leadership is one of the important components that determines the growth and sustainability of educational institutions.  School principals have a great opportunity to develop leadership values ​​in the modern era.  To develop education, high-quality and continuously developing leaders are needed.  In addition, school principals must motivate teachers because they have to make a major contribution in the educational environment. This research was conducted using quantitative methods with a correlational type.  This research used a total sampling technique, with a total sample of thirty teachers and academic staff. This research instrument consists of thirty questionnaires, or questionnaires, for each variable. The research results show that the correlation coefficient between the principal's transformational leadership variable (X) and teachers' work motivation (Y) is 0.623, thus the relationship between the two is quite strong.

This research aims to measure the influence of dependence on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) applications on the learning effectiveness of Islamic Education Management students. Using quantitative research methods, data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 150 students at several universities. Data analysis was carried out using a simple linear regression test to determine the correlation between the dependency variable on AI applications (X) and learning effectiveness (Y). The research results show that 78% of respondents use AI applications in their daily learning activities, with 65% of them feeling more efficient in accessing information. However, there are 40% of students who show decreased motivation for independent learning due to dependence on AI applications. The results of the regression test show that there is a significant positive correlation between the use of AI applications and learning effectiveness with a correlation coefficient of 0.52 and a significance of p < 0.05. These findings indicate that the use of AI plays an important role in increasing learning effectiveness, but also has the potential to reduce motivation for independent learning. It is hoped that the use of AI will be accompanied by learning strategies that support student independence and critical thinking.

This research aims to determine the professional competence of teachers on student learning achievement at Al-Ulum Terpadu Islamic Middle School, Medan. This research uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive method using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The population in this study was 32 teachers, so the sample size in this study was 32 teachers, because the population was less than 100, based on Suharsimi Arikunto's opinion, the entire population was used (population study). The main data collection technique uses a 5 Likert scale answer choice form. Data is analyzed using simple linear regression to test the research hypothesis. Based on the data processing carried out, statistical testing resulted in Ho being rejected and Ha being accepted, which explains that there is an influence of teacher professional competence on student learning achievement. This is obtained from the results of the F test which shows Fcount is 19.072 and Ftable = (k-1; nk) namely (2-1; 32-2) = (1;30) = 4.17, so the value of Fcount > Ftable is 19.072 > 4.17 with a sig value. 0.001 < 0.05 which means there is an influence of teacher professional competence on student learning achievement in the F statistical significance test. Apart from that, a simple linear regression test was carried out to obtain the regression equation Y' = 105.683 – 1.44 1.44. However, if the teacher's professional competency value is 105.683 when X is 0, then student learning achievement will decrease by 0.144 for every one unit increase in %. Meanwhile, the remaining 61.1% is explained by other variables not studied.

This research aims to examine in depth the influence of completing the principal’s tasks on teacher work motivation in schools. Teacher work motivation is an important element that can influence the quality of teaching and learning in the classroom, which ultimately has an impact on student achievement. The principal has a central role in managing the school and supporting teachers through a variety of administrative and personnel tasks. Effective completion of the principal’s duties is expected to create a conducive work environment, provide clear direction, and improve the work environment. The research method used is a quantitative research method with a correlational type. This research used a total sampling technique with a sample size of all educators and education staff totaling 37. The research instrument for this research was a questionnaire consisting of 25 statements for each variable.  The results of hypothesis testing show that the completion of the principal’s duties has an influence on teacher work motivation of 0.149 x 100% = 14.9%. Through the t test that has been carried out, it turns out that the t count = 4.709 while the t table value = 2.042. Because t count (4.709) > t table (2.042), this shows that there is a positive and significant contribution between the principal’s task completion variable and teacher work motivation at Pahlawan National Middle School in Medan in the form of a linear and predictive relationship via a regression line Ŷ = 126.564 + 0.855 X.

The purpose of this study is to find out the most important effect of transformational leadership on teacher professionalism. Development at SMP Swasta Muhammadiyah 01 Medan. This study method is a quantitative study survey research type. 60 teachers participated in this study. Principals and teachers were used as examples. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Dat collection instruments with questionnaires and data analysis techniques with normality test, linearity test and homogeneity test and hypothesis testing (using t-test). The result of this study show that there is a positive and significant effect between the main variable and teacher professionalism ini Muhammadiyah 01 Medan Private High School.  This is eviident form the result of the hypothesis testing, which shows that the main transformational leadership contributes 0.388 X 100% = 38.8% to teacher professionalism. The t-test performed gave a tnumber = 3.870 whilw the ttabel  value = 2.042. Since tnumber (3.870) > ttabel (2.042), it showsjthat there is a positive and significant effect in the form of a linear and predictive relationship between the main variable and professionalism of teachers in SMP Swasta Muhammadiyah 01 Medan. Regression line Ŷ = 46.654 + 0.322 X.

This research aims to determine the influence of the managerial competence of school principals at Al-Ulum Integrated Islamic Middle School in Medan. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The population in this study was 30 teachers, so the sample size in this study was 30 teachers, because the population was less than 100, based on Suharsimi Arikunto opinion, the entire population was used (population study). The main data collection technique uses a 5 Likert scale answer choice form. Data is analyzed using simple linear regression to test the research hypothesis.  Based on the data processing carried out statistical testing resulted in Ho being rejected and Ha being accepted, which explains that there is an influence of the principal's managerial competence on teacher performance. This is obtained from the result of the Pearson correlation test which shows that the value is 0.512 > tubel 0.361 and the results of the simple linear regression test produce contribution Y’ = 100.242 + 0.322 X, so the results of this test explain that there is a correlation between the managerial comptence of school principals and teacher performance.apart from that, tests are carried out T-test which produced a t-count of 3.157 > t-table, namely 2.048, with a significance value of 0.004 < 5% (0.05). The results in the ANOVA table also support the acceptance of Ha, where the sig. 0.004 < alpha value or 0.05. So, the hypothesis simultaneously proves that there is a significant influence between the managerial competence of school principals on teacher performance. Calculation of the coefficient of determination shows that the principal's managerial competency variable is able to explain the student learning achievement variable by 26,2%. Meanwhile, the remaining 73.8% is explained by other variables not studied.  From the results of these calculations, it can be concluded that there is an influence between the principal's managerial competence on teacher performance at Al-Ulum Terpadu Islamic Middle School, Medan. This influence can be seen from the school principal in making a defined plan, making decisions, organizing the resources they have, and carrying out evaluations to improve teacher performance.

This research aims to evaluate the influence of extracurricular activities on students' learning motivation at SMP Muhammadiyah 02 Medan. Extrinsic motivation is often needed to encourage students who lack an internal drive to learn, especially at elementary school age, where play activities are often more interesting than learning. It is hoped that extracurricular activities can function as a source of additional motivation and improve student learning outcomes. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, where data is collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS 25.0. The research results show that the significance value of the t test for the extracurricular activity variable is 0.000, which is smaller than 0.05, and the calculated t of 1.848 is smaller than the t table of 2.052. Thus, the hypothesis that extracurricular activities influence learning motivation. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.112 indicates that only 11.2% of the variation in learning motivation can be explained by extracurricular activities, while the remainder (88.8%) is influenced by other factors outside this research. These findings indicate that although extracurricular activities are an important element, their influence on students' learning motivation at SMP Muhammadiyah 02 Medan is not significant.