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The development of digital technology has brought significant changes in the field of education, especially in the learning process, school management systems, and teachers' work patterns. This situation requires school principals' leadership who can adapt, be innovative, and act as agents of change in improving teachers' work ethic. This study aims to analyze the role of school principals' transformational leadership in enhancing teachers' work ethic in the digital era and to examine its relevance to educational transformation. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a literature study type through the analysis of various journals and scientific sources from 2020–2025. The results of the study indicate that school principals' transformational leadership plays an important role in increasing teachers' motivation, commitment, and professionalism through ideal influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. In addition, this leadership is also capable of creating a work culture that is collaborative, innovative, and adaptive to technological developments. Digital transformation in education not only involves the use of technology but also changes in work culture and the improvement of human resource competencies in schools. The implications of this research confirm that school principals as transformational leaders have a strategic role in the success of educational transformation in the digital era through the continuous enhancement of teachers' work ethic.

Management psychology plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of educational organizational management, particularly in understanding individual behavior, work motivation, leadership, and communication within the educational environment. The dynamic development of educational institutions requires a managerial approach that focuses not only on administrative aspects but also on the psychological aspects of the human resources involved. Therefore, the study of management psychology in education is essential to understand how this approach can support improvements in educational quality. This study aims to review and synthesize various studies on the application of management psychology in educational contexts and identify emerging research trends. The research questions posed are: (1) What are the trends and focuses of research on management psychology in education? and (2) What is the role of management psychology in improving the effectiveness of educational institution management? This study is expected to provide insights into how management psychology can be applied to enhance managerial performance and quality in education.

The tomb of Ario Damar in Palembang City represents one of the important historical sites for understanding the political, social, and religious dynamics during the transitional period from the influence of the Majapahit Kingdom to the development of Islam in the South Sumatra region. The study of this site employs the historical method through the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, using a qualitative approach. Data were collected through direct observation of the Ario Damar tomb complex and literature studies derived from scientific journals, academic articles, and relevant historiographical works. The analysis indicates that the existence of the Ario Damar tomb not only represents a physical relic of a prominent figure within the governmental structure of Palembang in the fifteenth century but also serves as material evidence reflecting the process of cultural and religious transformation in the region. The tomb site demonstrates historical connections between the political authority of Majapahit, the early development of Islam in Palembang, and the political and cultural relations between Java and Sumatra. In addition to its historical significance, the Ario Damar tomb also holds social and cultural functions as a space of collective memory for the community, which continues to be used as a site of pilgrimage and historical reflection. Therefore, the preservation of the Ario Damar tomb site is essential to maintain cultural heritage while strengthening its role as a source of local historical learning and the development of sustainable historical tourism.

The debate concerning the relationship between faith (īmān) and deeds (ʿamal) constitutes one of the central issues in the history of Islamic theology, generating diverse perspectives among theological schools. This study aims to comparatively analyze the epistemology of deeds in three classical Islamic theological traditions: Khawarij, Murji’ah, and Ahlussunnah. The research employs a qualitative approach using the integrative literature review method, examining classical works of ʿilm al-kalām alongside contemporary academic studies. The data were analyzed through data reduction, thematic categorization, and comparative analysis to identify differences in the epistemological frameworks used to understand the relationship between faith and deeds. The findings indicate that the Khawarij developed a textual–legalistic epistemology that considers deeds an essential component of faith, thereby viewing perpetrators of major sins as having exited the state of faith. In contrast, the Murji’ah developed a theological–rational epistemology that separates faith from deeds and postpones judgment regarding major sinners to God’s ultimate decision. Meanwhile, Ahlussunnah formulated an integrative epistemology that combines belief in the heart, verbal affirmation, and deeds within the structure of faith without declaring major sinners as unbelievers. This study highlights that differences in the concept of deeds in Islamic theology are not merely doctrinal but also reflect distinct epistemological frameworks in interpreting religious sources. The findings contribute conceptually to the study of ʿilm al-kalām by offering a comparative mapping of the epistemology of deeds across three major theological traditions in Islam.

This study explores the principal’s leadership strategies and the role of organizational climate in improving teacher work discipline. Teacher discipline is a crucial element in ensuring instructional quality, professional accountability, and sustainable school performance. A qualitative case study approach was employed to obtain an in-depth understanding of leadership practices implemented in the natural setting of the school. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis involving the principal, vice principals, and teachers. The findings reveal that discipline improvement is shaped by exemplary leadership, dialogic communication, continuous coaching, and the application of humanistic regulations supported by moral and social rewards. In addition, a collegial and supportive organizational climate strengthens collective awareness and encourages teachers to comply with professional standards voluntarily. Discipline is therefore constructed not merely through administrative control but through shared values and social interaction. This study contributes to educational leadership literature by providing contextual evidence of how leadership practices interact with organizational environments in shaping teacher behavior. Practically, the findings offer guidance for school leaders in designing participatory and sustainable discipline development strategies.

This study examines the philosophy of Islamic education in the thought of Imam Al-Ghazali, focusing on educational objectives, philosophical foundations, curriculum, educational methods, and their relevance to contemporary education. Al-Ghazali views education as an integral process that is not merely oriented toward intellectual development, but also toward moral formation and the purification of the soul in order to attain true happiness (Sa‘adah) in both worldly life and the hereafter. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through library research by analyzing Al-Ghazali’s major works, such as Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din, Ayyuha al-Walad, and Mizan al-‘Amal, as well as relevant supporting literature. The findings indicate that Al-Ghazali rejects the dichotomy between religious and worldly sciences, as reflected in his concept of fard ‘ain and fard kifayah, which are complementary and interconnected. His educational curriculum is integrative and oriented toward public benefit, while his educational methods emphasize habituation, exemplary conduct of educators, and the process of Tazkiyat Al-Nafs (self-purification). Al-Ghazali’s educational philosophy remains relevant in addressing contemporary moral crises by offering a philosophical foundation for forming the insan kamil a complete human being who is intellectually knowledgeable, morally upright, and spiritually grounded.

Islamic educational institutions face various challenges in human resource management, such as internal conflicts, low work motivation, and suboptimal performance of educators. These issues impact the effectiveness of institutions in achieving educational goals. This article aims to analyze how the synergy between conflict management and work motivation can improve human resource performance in Islamic educational institutions based on Islamic values. The issues examined include how conflict management and motivation contribute to performance improvement, as well as how Islamic values can be used as a basis for their management. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various relevant literature from journals, books, and previous research results. The results of the study show that conflicts that are managed constructively and motivation that is built on the basis of Islamic spiritual values can create a productive and sustainable work culture. The synergistic integration of the two can encourage an improvement in work ethic, teamwork, and the quality of educational services. This article provides a theoretical contribution to the development of HR management strategies in Islamic educational institutions based on Sharia values.

This study analyzes the role of Islamic leadership in enhancing educational innovation through the integration of managerial, spiritual, and collaborative values ​​in Islamic schools. Using a qualitative literature review method, this study investigates how principals can apply the principles of amanah (trust) and ithqan (trustworthiness) as a basis for professional and ethical management. The results indicate that effective leadership in madrasas requires a balance between spiritual values, managerial competencies, and a collaborative culture that supports educational excellence. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of educational supervision as a strategy for maintaining innovation and continuous improvement in Islamic educational institutions. An Islamic leadership approach that prioritizes integrity, professionalism, and knowledge sharing will foster an innovative and productive environment. Principals, as leaders, are not only responsible for academic success but must also be able to build a harmonious work climate, prioritize ethics, and continuously encourage positive changes in the learning process. Thus, this study contributes to the development of relevant leadership models in the context of Islamic education.

Scientific writing plays an important role in developing knowledge and shaping the intellectual character of students. Through academic writing, students not only learn to organize ideas systematically but are also trained to think critically, analytically, and reflectively. This study employs a literature review method to examine the concepts, processes, and originality of scientific work based on academic theories and established scholarly standards. The findings indicate that writing scientific papers is not merely an academic requirement but also a reflection of logical, objective, and ethical thinking. A high-quality scientific work must demonstrate originality, intellectual honesty, and the proper application of scientific methods—from problem formulation and data collection to analysis and conclusion. In addition, scientific writing should contribute to the development of knowledge and offer solutions to current issues in society. Therefore, higher education institutions need to strengthen students’ scientific literacy, academic writing skills, and understanding of research ethics. These efforts are essential for fostering an academic culture that upholds integrity, encourages innovation, and prepares young scholars to become responsible and competitive individuals.

This study aims to examine Ibn Khaldun’s concept of character education and its relevance in shaping the personality of Generation Z in the digital era. The background of this research stems from the growing moral and social challenges faced by young people due to rapid technological advancement and the influence of globalization. This research employs a qualitative method using a library research approach by analyzing Ibn Khaldun’s works and related literature on Islamic character education. The findings reveal that Ibn Khaldun’s perspective on character education emphasizes the balance between ‘ilm (knowledge), adab (morality and ethics), and ‘ashabiyyah (social solidarity) as the foundation for forming a civilized individual. These values are highly relevant to be applied in modern education through teacher role modeling, habituation of positive behavior, and the integration of moral values into the curriculum. The implication of this study highlights that internalizing Ibn Khaldun’s principles of character education can serve as an effective strategy to develop a knowledgeable, ethical, and resilient generation capable of facing contemporary challenges.

The character crisis and the weakening of Islamic understanding among the younger generation have become serious issues that need to be addressed starting from early childhood education. Kindergarten children are at a phase of fitrah development, which significantly determines the formation of their personality in the future. Islamic education is expected to provide a comprehensive solution in shaping the child's personality from an early age, balancing cognitive, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects. This study aims to examine the theoretical implementation of Islamic Montessori learning as a means of forming an integral Islamic personality in early childhood. Using a literature review approach and qualitative content analysis, this study examines various theories, previous research findings, and expert views sourced from books, journals, and scientific works related to early childhood education and Islamic education. The results show that Islamic Montessori significantly contributes to the development of an integral Islamic personality. Children not only develop cognitively and psychomotorically but also become accustomed to the habits of worship, discipline, responsibility, empathy, and respect for others. Through a conducive learning environment and direct practices of Islamic life, Islamic Montessori serves as a strategic tool in preparing a Muslim generation that is faithful, noble in character, with strong Islamic personality and independence.

Job analysis plays a crucial role in improving the performance and efficiency of educators. This study aims to examine the role of job analysis in the context of education through a literature review approach, focusing on five selected articles published between 2020 and 2024. The findings indicate that proper job analysis can enhance teacher performance by ensuring their placement aligns with qualifications, identifying training needs, and clarifying tasks and responsibilities. Additionally, the integration of organizational culture and regular updates to job analysis contribute to work efficiency and educator productivity. These findings provide practical implications for educational institutions to optimize human resource management through dynamic and structured job analysis. , 

This study examines the application of management psychology approach as a strategy to improve the effectiveness of learning and performance of educators in Indonesia. Using descriptive-analytical qualitative methods, this study explores how factors such as work motivation, leadership, and stress management contribute to creating a conducive educational environment. Literature analysis and empirical findings reveal that increasing educator motivation through rewards, feedback-based evaluation, and the implementation of transformational and participatory leadership can significantly increase work enthusiasm and innovation in the learning process. In addition, balanced workload management and the provision of work welfare programs have been shown to help reduce stress levels and improve the psychological well-being of educators. The results of this study provide recommendations for educational institutions to integrate the principles of management psychology into human resource management policies in order to achieve continuous improvement in the quality of teaching and learning.

Philosophy of science has an important role in the preparation of scientific work, especially in management science, by providing a conceptual framework that integrates aspects of ontology, epistemology and axiology. This research discusses the application of the philosophy of science in the entire research process, starting from problem formulation, developing a theoretical framework, to presenting findings. The philosophy of science approach allows the selection of relevant research paradigms and valid methods to produce applicable and ethical solutions. In addition, philosophy of science contributes to the development of new paradigms, strengthening research ethics, and increasing creativity in scientific research. By using a literature review approach, this research provides insight into how the philosophy of science supports the development of management science through knowledge validation and systematic methodological testing

This paper discusses the education policies of the Old Order government and their influence on Islamic education in Indonesia. This paper aims to find out in depth about the Old Order government, the education policies of the Old Order government and the influence of Old Order education policies on Islamic education in Indonesia. During the Old Order era, Islamic education began to be fought for reform with the publication of various policies regarding the improvement of Islamic education, including compulsory Madrasah Learning (MWB). Indonesia became independent from Dutch colonial rule on August 17, 1945. The period of President Soekarno's reign, which spanned from 1945 to 1966, was referred to as the Old Order to differentiate it from the subsequent Order led by President Soeharto. In particular, the Old Order government's policy of paying attention to Islamic boarding schools and madrasas only began when the Central Indonesian National Committee Working Body (BP KNIP) 22 on December 27 1945 submitted recommendations to the government. The aim of this research is to understand the concept of government during the Old Order, and its influence on education in Indonesia. The research method used is a basic theory method that uses data from materials that are library research, where the author reads and studies books or literature related to the problem being studied. Regardless of the aspect The positive and negative sides of all the policies issued, it can be said that the development of madrasas is a brave effort by Islamic education to maintain its existence and identity while metamorphosing with the times.    

Teachers are a key element in the education system, especially in schools. All other components, ranging from curriculum, infrastructure, costs, and so on will not mean much if teachers who hold strategic positions are unable to maximize their performance. The purpose of the literature review is to review how teachers perform as strategic human resources in the education system in Indonesia. Methods: The literature review was conducted based on issues, methodology, similarities and further research proposals. The 5 studies used were qualitative research methods. The results of the 5 studies showed that teacher performance as a strategic human resource in the Indonesian education system is strongly influenced by work motivation factors.

The educational environment is needed in the educational process, because the educational environment functions as a supporting the teaching and learning process. A comfortable environment will support the implementation of the teaching and learning process well. Educational environment can be divided into family environment, school environment, and community environment society. By using the literature review method, this study examines relevant theoretical sources including the relevant theoretical sources including the Quran, hadith, and recent scientific works. recent scientific works. The results show that the family environment plays as the foundation of a child's education, instilling basic values and shaping character. The school environment serves to develop academic potential, social skills and further character building. While community environment provides a practical context for the application of the values and skills that have been acquired. This study concludes that the three environments have a significant and complementary influence in shaping children's education holistically. This research recommends the importance of synergy between family, school and community in creating an optimalan optimal educational environment for children's growth and development.

Organizational culture and work environment play a significant role in teacher performance in determining direction and success. The combination of the two creates a complex dynamic in teacher performance in schools. The purpose of this study is to reveal the extent to which these two factors interact and influence the quality of teacher performance in schools. This research uses the literature review method from various scientific papers or journals. The results of the literature review show that organizational culture and work environment affect teacher performance, namely an inclusive organizational culture. In addition, there is a significant effect on the work environment on teacher performance, which indicates that the work environment can be one of the factors that influence the improvement of teacher performance in schools. Thus, organizational culture and work environment can improve teacher performance in schools.

Morals are a condition that is inherent in the human soul, which gives birth to actions. If this situation gives rise to good and commendable actions according to reason and Islamic law, it is called good morals. If the actions that arise are not good, they are called bad morals. The research carried out is included in the category of library research, library research is a type of research using literature (libraries) in the form of books, notes, or reports of relevant previous research results, to obtain answers and theoretical basis regarding the problem to be researched. The library method is a type of qualitative research method. Library study research is carried out by researchers to solve a problem that relies on an in-depth review of relevant library materials. The data sources used are primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques used include documentaries and online data documentation. Data analysis techniques, content analysis and discourse analysis. From the research results it can be concluded that 1) To find out the values of moral education in the book Idhotun Nasyi’ in the work of Syekh Musthofa Al-Ghalayain. 2) to find out the relevance of moral education from the perspective of Sheikh Musthofa Al-ghalayain today.

The lack of learning motivation of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Darussalam students Regency towards PAI lessons causes their learning outcomes to be less than optimal. Low learning motivation, lack of commitment and responsibility as well as active participation of students in responding to learning are obstacles in achieving learning success. To overcome these problems, Islamic Religious Education Learning requires innovative strategies to motivate students to learn. One method that can be used is religious tourism, which combines learning with direct experience at historical and religious sites. This research is a literature study which aims to analyze efforts to increase student learning motivation in PAI learning through religious field trips. In this research, literature was searched and analyzed related to the concept of learning motivation, PAI learning and religious tourism work methods. The results of the literature study show that the religious field trip method can increase students' learning motivation through direct experience and enrich their understanding of Islamic teachings and spiritual values.