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The problem of this study is the lack of students' critical thinking skills in mathematics learning. The purpose of this text is to describe critical thinking in mathematics. The methodology used in the research of this article is qualitative. One of the methods used is qualitative using data collection techniques in the form of diagnostic tests. From several sources obtained, the most relevant data related to this article are presented. The ability to think critically has been proven to have a very important role in learning the material rounding numbers. Students who have good critical thinking skills are not only able to apply rounding rules mechanically, but also understand basic concepts and can apply them in various problem contexts. This study recommends the importance of integrating learning strategies that can develop students' critical thinking skills in mathematics learning, especially through problem-based learning approaches and contextual learning.

Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is an effective approach to improve mathematics learning outcomes while providing students with opportunities to gain real experience in understanding mathematical concepts. Data analysis used by comparing two cycles obtained from student learning evaluation results. The results of the study illustrate that there was a significant increase after using a realistic approach. This study aims to improve the understanding of the concept of distance between points in MA AISYIYAH PALEMBANG students using a realistic approach. This method uses the Class Level Approach (CAR) research method which is carried out in two cycles. Data were collected through conceptual understanding, observation, and documentation.

Learning Social Sciences (IPS) in Indonesia is still dominated by conventional methods based on memorization, so students often have difficulty connecting material with real life. Various studies have proposed learning innovations, but their implementation is still limited and poorly evaluated in the context of Merdeka Belajar. This research focuses on the implementation of social studies learning innovations at SDS Islam Ulul Albab which combines the role play method, the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type cooperative learning model, and the use of audiovisual technology through Smart TV. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of innovative methods in improving students' conceptual understanding without having to memorize. Using a qualitative approach with a field research method, data was collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results showed that the role-playing method helped students understand social studies material through hands-on experience, while the TGT model increased students' participation and learning motivation through fun academic competition. In addition, the use of audiovisuals provides a more interesting learning experience and makes it easier for students to understand abstract social studies concepts. In conclusion, this learning innovation is effective in improving students' understanding conceptually, aligns with the principles of Merdeka Belajar, and has the potential to become a learning model that can be used to improve students' understanding of social studies.    

This research aims to investigate the obstacles faced by students in understanding vector field material in the Vector Calculus course. The basis of this study is the low understanding of students regarding abstract concepts in vector calculus, particularly related to vector fields, the del operator, gradients, and directional derivatives. The method applied in this research is qualitative, utilizing questionnaires distributed to three students from the fourth semester. The research findings indicate that students encounter major challenges in visualizing vector fields in three-dimensional space, understanding the differentiation process related to gradients, and associating directional derivatives with gradients. Several factors contributing to these difficulties include a lack of variation in practice problems and a minimal understanding of basic mathematical concepts. The results of this study highlight the need for a learning approach that focuses more on strengthening concepts, the use of visual media, as well as its application in real contexts so that students can build a deeper understanding of vector field material. The results of this study are expected to provide input for the development of more effective and beneficial vector calculus teaching methods.

The research model (Mix Method) is an approach that combines quantitative and qualitative methods in one study to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon. The purpose of this writing is to explain the nature of the mixed research model (mix method), the importance of the mixed research model (mix method) in research, the types of mixed research (mix method) in research, the steps of the mixed research model (mix method) in research and what are the advantages and disadvantages of the mixture (mix method) in research. In this writing, the author uses the library research method, the author collects data from reference sources from various literatures such as books, journal articles, research reports, and other literature sources in accordance with the topic of discussion. The results in this paper show that the mixed research model (mix method) provides flexibility in research design and increases the validity of the results.

The Index Card Match learning model is an active and enjoyable strategy that enhances student involvement in learning activities. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Index Card Match model in increasing student participation in thematic learning for 3rd-grade elementary school students. The research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results showed that the Index Card Match model effectively increased student activity in the learning process through paired card matching activities involving questions and answers. Additionally, this model fosters a fun and interactive classroom environment that encourages students to be more confident and expressive. Therefore, the Index Card Match model is effective in boosting student participation and offers teachers an alternative to deliver meaningful and engaging learning experiences.

Psychological assessment plays an important role in guidance and counseling, especially in understanding the psychological condition of the client and increasing the effectiveness of the intervention provided. This study aims to explore the function of psychological assessment in guidance and counseling, analyze its benefits in improving the quality of services, and identify the challenges faced in its implementation. The research method used is a literature study with a descriptive and exploratory approach, which aims to analyze data from various academic sources related to psychological assessment. The results of the study indicate that systematic assessment can help counselors understand clients, find appropriate intervention strategies, and launch client development after receiving intervention. However, challenges in implementing assessments, such as limited valid measuring instruments and client resistance, are still obstacles to its effectiveness. The implications of this study indicate that improving the quality of assessment through counselor training, developing more adaptive assessment methods, and educating clients can improve the effectiveness of guidance and counseling as well as individual psychological well-being.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of teacher teaching skills on student learning outcomes in integrated social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 4 Batuda'a Pantai, Gorontalo Regency. The research approach used in this study is a Quantitative approach using Descriptive research method The results showed that there was a Positive (5.376 > 2.004) and Significant (0.000 < 0.005) Influence between Teacher Teaching Skills on Student Learning Outcomes in Integrated Social Studies Subjects at SMP Negeri 4 Batuda'a Pantai Gorontalo Regency. The coefficient of determination from the previously obtained regression model is 0.344, this value means that 34.4% of the variability in student learning outcomes can be explained by the teaching skills of teachers in integrated social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 4 Batuda'a Pantai. In other words, the better the teacher's skills in managing the learning process, such as explaining material, guiding discussions, providing reinforcement, and managing the class, the higher the possibility of students achieving optimal learning outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the extent to which halal certification and customer satisfaction affect consumer loyalty at Daifuku Mochi in Sangatta Utara. The approach used is quantitative with field research methods. Data were obtained through questionnaires, direct observation at the store, and documentation. The study population amounted to 1000 people, and the sample was determined as many as 50 respondents using the quota sampling technique. The analysis was carried out with multiple linear regression which resulted in the equation Y = 2,394 + 0.360X1 + 0.541X2, indicating a positive influence between the two independent variables on consumer loyalty. The t-test results show that customer satisfaction has a significant effect on loyalty (tcount 3.166 > ttable 2.011; sig. 0.003 < 0.05), while halal certification is not partially significant (tcount 1.443 < ttable 2.011; sig. 0.156 > 0.05). However, simultaneously, both have a significant effect on consumer loyalty (Fcount 6.171 > Ftable 3.19; sig. 0.004 <0.05). The R² value of 0.375 indicates that 37.5% of the variation in customer loyalty can be explained by the two variables, while the rest is influenced by other factors outside this study.

This article aims to explore the importance of contextual learning in improving elementary students' understanding of scientific concepts through a literature review method. The analysis of various sources reveals that the contextual approach enhances students’ learning motivation, active engagement, and conceptual understanding. Learning linked to everyday experiences allows students to construct deeper and more sustainable meanings. Moreover, real-world contexts help develop students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Literature studies indicate that integrating contextual approaches into science learning creates a more meaningful and enjoyable learning environment. Previous research also demonstrates improved student achievement in science when contextual learning is applied consistently and systematically. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers design instructional strategies based on local and relevant contexts. In conclusion, contextual learning significantly contributes to enhancing elementary students' understanding of science concepts and deserves to be a primary approach in the basic education curriculum.

This study aims: 1) To determine whether or not there is an influence of the Open Ended Approach on solving mathematical problems of class X APHP students of SMK Negeri 1 Sukaluyu Cianjur, 2) To determine the increase in mathematical problem solving abilities of class X APHP students of SMK Negeri 1 Sukaluyu Cianjur, 3) To determine the effect of the open ended learning approach on mathematical problem solving abilities. The research method used is quasi experimental. The sampling used is Purposive Sampling. The target population in this study were all students at SMK Negeri 1 Sukaluyu Cianjur who were registered in the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year consisting of 2 classes. The results of the study showed that the open ended learning approach can present more interesting mathematics learning and students become more active in participating. During the study, the researcher observed the learning process. When students are taught using the open ended learning approach, students become more interested in learning to solve mathematical problems.

This study aims to analyze the use of technology, especially QR Code, in mathematics learning in elementary schools. Using a literature review method, data was collected from various relevant national and international journals. The results of the study indicate that the integration of QR Code in mathematics learning has proven effective in improving student learning outcomes, interest, and engagement. QR Code is used in various forms of media, such as Student Worksheets (LKS), comics, flash cards, posters, and interactive videos, which support contextual, visual, and independent learning. The application of QR Code also helps students understand abstract concepts, improves numeracy and spatial skills, and supports the development of 21st century skills. This study concludes that the use of QR Code is an innovative strategy and is feasible to be applied in mathematics learning at the elementary school level.    

This study aims to analyze the supervision materials implemented at State Elementary School 080658. The primary focus is on the effectiveness of the supervision content in improving teaching quality and teacher professionalism. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results show that the supervision materials cover lesson planning, instructional delivery, student assessment, and teacher professional development. Supervision conducted systematically and continuously was found to enhance teachers' pedagogical competence and performance. However, several challenges were identified, such as limited time, lack of training for supervisors, and some teachers’ resistance to supervision. This study recommends improving supervisor capacity through training, developing more contextual supervision materials, and applying a more collaborative supervisory approach to enhance the effectiveness of supervision at State Elementary School 080658.

This study aims to examine effective learning strategies in improving elementary school students' understanding of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) mathematics questions through a numeracy approach. The numeracy approach is an ability that not only involves numeracy skills, but also understanding and applying mathematical concepts in the context of everyday life so that students can think critically, analytically, and creatively. The method used in this study is a literature study that examines various scientific sources related to the application of numeracy and the development of HOTS in mathematics learning at the elementary school level. The results of the study indicate that learning strategies such as problem-based learning, Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (PMRI), collaborative learning, the use of interactive media, and integrated numeracy formative assessments are very effective in helping students master HOTS questions. In addition, the development of metacognitive abilities and adjusting strategies to student characteristics are also important factors for successful learning. The numeracy approach that links mathematical concepts to real contexts can increase students' learning motivation and active involvement so that understanding of HOTS questions can increase significantly. This study recommends that teachers integrate the numeracy approach in the planning and implementation of mathematics learning in order to produce meaningful learning that is oriented towards the development of students' high-order thinking skills.

Learning motivation is one of the important factors that influence the success of the learning process. Lack of student learning motivation often becomes an obstacle in achieving optimal learning outcomes. This article aims to examine how an active learning approach can improve student learning motivation in a formal educational environment. An active learning approach directly involves students in the learning process, either through group discussions, case studies, experiments, or simulations, thus creating a more meaningful and enjoyable learning experience. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method by collecting data from literature studies, classroom observations, and interviews with teachers and students at the junior high school level. The results of the study show that the implementation of active learning consistently can foster students' sense of responsibility for the learning process, increase self-confidence, and build a high sense of curiosity. In addition, the interaction between students and teachers becomes more dynamic, which ultimately contributes to increasing students' enthusiasm for learning. It can be concluded that active learning is not only able to increase students' intrinsic motivation but also create a more collaborative and interactive learning environment. Therefore, teachers are advised to integrate active learning strategies into the teaching process as an effort to build a productive and enjoyable learning culture. This approach is one of the effective solutions in facing the challenges of education in the modern era that demands active participation and full involvement from students.  

Active learning is an instructional approach that positions students as central participants in the learning process through interactive, collaborative, and reflective activities. This study aims to examine the implementation of active learning strategies in enhancing student engagement at the elementary school level. A literature review method was employed, analyzing 20 national and international scholarly articles published between 2019 and 2024. The findings indicate that strategies such as Problem-Based Learning, cooperative learning, and experiential learning effectively increase students' participation, motivation, and academic achievement. The integration of digital media and educational games also contributes positively to students’ focus and emotional engagement during lessons. However, several implementation challenges were identified, including limited teacher competence, insufficient learning facilities, and time constraints within the curriculum. These findings highlight the importance of policy support, continuous teacher training, and the provision of adequate learning resources to ensure the optimal application of active learning in elementary classrooms. Therefore, active learning emerges as a strategic solution to improve the quality of primary education by fostering student-centered and engaging learning experiences.

This study aims to examine the role of teachers and parents in supporting the learning process of elementary school children today through a literature review method. The study reviews seven national and international journals published between 2019 and 2024. The review results show that parental involvement and the role of teachers together have a significant positive impact on students’ academic achievement and socio-emotional development. However, there is a research gap regarding the simultaneous integration of teacher and parent roles, especially in the context of online learning. The practical implications of this study emphasize the importance of active collaboration between teachers and parents to improve the effectiveness of learning at the elementary level. This research is expected to contribute to the development of adaptive and responsive educational strategies to meet the needs of elementary school children in the digital era.

The Discovery Learning model has advantages, including fostering a sense of enjoyment in students due to the excitement of discovery that always leads to success. This encourages students to direct their own learning activities, engaging their minds and motivation during the learning process in class. This research aims to improve the learning motivation of fourth-grade students at Elementary School 219/IV Alam Barajo Jambi through the application of the Discovery Learning model. This study uses a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method with two cycles. The results show that the application of the Discovery Learning model can enhance student learning motivation, marked by increased activeness, interest, and awareness in the learning process. This research implies that the Discovery Learning model can be an alternative for teachers to improve student learning motivation in elementary schools. Based on observations, student learning improved by 16% from cycle I to cycle II, while teacher activity increased by 15%. The learning completeness rate rose from 2.3% (pre-cycle) to 68.3% (cycle I) and reached 89.4% (cycle II). These findings demonstrate that the Discovery Learning model effectively enhances the learning motivation of fourth-grade students at Elementary School 219/IV Alam Barajo Jambi in Pancasila Education learning.

Case study research is one of the methodologies in qualitative research that seeks to investigate phenomena comprehensively in a real-world context. This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of case study research design, covering various aspects ranging from definitions and types to the steps involved in implementation. Various types of case studies are explained based on expert opinions, including intrinsic, instrumental, and collective case studies, along with classifications of explanatory, exploratory, descriptive, and others. Furthermore, the systematic phases involved in conducting case study research are detailed, including problem formulation, data collection and analysis, and reporting of results. Focus on the use of triangulation techniques and contextual approaches are essential to ensure the validity of findings. By gaining an in-depth understanding of this design, it is hoped that students and researchers will be able to design case studies appropriately and make significant scientific contributions.                                                                                                                                            

This study aims to determine the effect of using sequential picture media on students' ability to complete cloze sentences among third-grade students at MI Al-Hikmah Masangan in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research method used in this study is a quasi-experimental design with a Non-Equivalent Control Group design. The research sample consisted of two classes: the experimental class, which received treatment using sequential picture media, and the control class, which did not receive any treatment. The instrument used in this study was a cloze test that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical tests. The population in this study comprised all third-grade students at MI Al-Hikmah Masangan in the 2024/2025 academic year, totaling 28 students. Based on the results of the analysis, a significant difference was found between the experimental and control classes. This is evidenced by the hypothesis test results, which showed a significance value of 0.021 < 0.05, leading to the rejection of H0 and the acceptance of H1. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of sequential picture media has a significant effect on the ability of third-grade students at MI Al-Hikmah Masangan to complete cloze sentences.