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As a strategic public policy, the Free Nutritious Meal program serves as a long-term social investment aimed at enhancing the quality of human resources. This study is directed to examine and map the positive contributions of the MBG initiative to the pillars of health, discipline levels, and academic achievement of students through a literature review method. The article search, utilizing keywords such as "Makan Bergizi Gratis," "Implementasi MBG," and "Dampak MBG," yielded 10 relevant scientific articles, which were subsequently analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The findings indicate that the MBG program exerts a significant positive impact on various dimensions of student development. In the academic aspect, this program improves students' focus, concentration, motivation, and active learning engagement. Health-wise, MBG contributes to improving nutritional status, which supports children's physical and psychological readiness, whereas, in terms of discipline, this intervention is proven to increase attendance rates while reducing tardiness at school. Overall, it is concluded that the MBG program does not merely function to fulfill essential nutritional intake, but also acts to maximize learning effectiveness and student academic performance across all education levels.

This study examines the effectiveness of the Partner in Learning model in enhancing students' collaboration skills during productive practice activities at SMKN 9 Bandung. Modern industrial demands require vocational school graduates to possess not only technical skills but also strong collaborative competencies. However, conventional teacher-centered learning approaches often limit students' opportunities for active social interaction. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten students from six different vocational programs at SMKN 9 Bandung, as well as non-participatory observation conducted during practice sessions in April 2026. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Source triangulation was applied to ensure data credibility. The findings reveal that the Partner in Learning model is effective in improving students' collaborative abilities, particularly in terms of active communication, teamwork, and shared responsibility in completing practice tasks. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including a classroom environment that is not yet fully conducive to open discussion and students' low initiative in independently seeking additional references. These findings imply that the success of this model depends on a supportive learning environment and strategies to foster student learning autonomy.

This study examines the implementation of speech therapy for children with speech delay at PSAA Balita Tunas Bangsa, an orphanage setting where children experience limited parental stimulation and various psychosocial challenges. The objective of this research is to analyze how speech therapy is carried out, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and understand its impact on children's expressive language development. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the head of the institution, speech therapist, caregivers, and a child with speech delay. The findings show that speech therapy conducted through methods such as word repetition, picture-based learning, and interactive play is effective in enhancing children’s vocabulary, communicative confidence, and social interaction. Key supporting factors include caregiver involvement and adequate facilities, while limited therapy frequency and children's initial resistance become inhibiting factors. The results indicate that the integration of therapy with daily caregiver support significantly contributes to the child's language progress. These findings highlight the importance of consistent stimulation, collaborative care, and structured therapeutic programs in improving expressive language skills in institutionalized children with speech delay.

This study aims to analyze the comparison of students' physical fitness during the COVID-19 pandemic and after the pandemic based on VO2 Max values. The research sample amounted to 100 students who had physical fitness data in two observation periods, namely during the pandemic and after the pandemic. Fitness measurements were carried out using the Beep Test (Multi-Stage Fitness Test / MSFT) to obtain a VO2 Max value. The results of the study showed that the average VO2 Max of students during the pandemic was 35 ml/kg/minute, while after the pandemic it increased to 42 ml/kg/minute. An increase of 7 ml/kg/min indicates a recovery in the student's aerobic capacity after returning to normal physical activity. Students who remained active in exercise during the pandemic showed better levels of fitness than students who did little physical activity. In addition, psychological factors, social support, and the availability of sports facilities also affect changes in students' physical fitness. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has been proven to have an impact on the decline in students' physical fitness, but these conditions can be restored through increased physical activity, environmental support, and structured physical education programs in the post-pandemic period.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of a scholarship program established through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Government of Labuhanbatu Utara Regency and partner universities, and to analyze its impact on the educational quality of scholarship recipients. The study is motivated by the low participation rate in higher education in the region, despite the government’s efforts to improve human resource quality through scholarship initiatives. Fluctuations in the number of recipients and implementation challenges highlight the need for a comprehensive evaluation. This research employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving key informants such as program administrators and scholarship recipients. Quantitative data were obtained through surveys using questionnaires. The evaluation uses the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product) to assess policy context, resources, implementation processes, and program outcomes. The findings indicate that the MoU-based scholarship program positively contributes to improving access and quality of education, although some limitations remain. Overall, the program represents a strategic effort to enhance human resources, reduce educational disparities, and strengthen the competitiveness of the younger generation.

Education plays a crucial role in developing students’ potential both academically and non-academically. One of the important efforts to support this development is through extracurricular activities, which provide opportunities for students to explore and enhance their interests and talents. This study aims to describe the role of extracurricular activities in developing students’ interests and talents at SMP Swasta Katolik Maria Kanisia. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach to understand the phenomenon in its natural setting. The data were collected through structured observations and document analysis involving students and extracurricular supervisors. The findings reveal that extracurricular activities have been implemented in a structured and systematic manner, including both compulsory and optional programs such as scouting, choir, drum band, wall magazine, and handicrafts. These activities contribute positively to the development of students’ interests, talents, creativity, social skills, and self-confidence. The role of supervisors is also significant in guiding and motivating students throughout the activities. Despite some challenges related to time and scheduling, extracurricular programs have shown meaningful impacts on students’ holistic development. Therefore, improving program management and support systems is essential to maximize their effectiveness.

Neologism refer to creation of new word or expression in language plus are widely recognized as important part of language development together with cultural change. This article reviews emergence of new vocabulary in popular culture as well as shows that popular culture provide dynamic environment for linguistic creativity. It examines study discussing neologism that originate from film, especially blockbuster movie, television series, music, along with social media. These study demonstrate important role of popular culture in introducing new expression into language plus spreading them to wider audience. Although many scholars have examined neologism, only limited number have explored popular culture as broad together with interconnected domain. Popular culture include music, film, television program, video game, social media, internet trend, in addition to other cultural activity that influence everyday life. In recent year, it become major source of new vocabulary, continuously producing modern plus widely used expression. This study apply qualitative library research approach through systematic review of literature obtained from journal, book, along with academic database. Finding indicate that popular culture plays major role in accelerating spread together with acceptance of neologism, particularly through digital communication. In addition, social media platform as well as entertainment industry serve as important channel for introducing new term, contributing to language development, identity formation, plus intercultural communication in modern society.

This study aims to analyze the adaptation of new students to academic workload in higher education and to identify the factors that influence their success or failure. The approach used is qualitative with a literature study. Data were analyzed thematically thru the stages of reduction, display, and conclusion drawing, resulting in key patterns regarding the dynamics of new student adaptation. The results show that the majority of new students experience difficulties in their first semester, especially when the credit load exceeds 20 credits and they are faced with complex assignment demands, periodic exams, and independent time management. This condition triggers academic stress, emotional exhaustion, decreased motivation, and even burnout, contributing to the high dropout rate in the first year. On the other hand, self-efficacy and emotional intelligence have been shown to act as protective factors capable of reducing stress levels and improving the effectiveness of coping strategies. Additionally, comprehensive orientation programs, time management workshops, academic advising, and a supportive campus environment have been proven to improve retention and accelerate the adaptation process. This research concludes that the adaptation of new students is a multidimensional process that requires both personal capacity building and systemic support from the university. The proposed recommendations include phased curriculum design, the development of instrument-based adaptation counselling services, and the implementation of a continuous mentoring program to reduce the risk of adaptation failure and optimize the academic potential of new students.

This study aims to describe the compliance and violation of language politeness principles in student communication to lecturers via WhatsApp. The background of this research highlights the importance of communication ethics in the academic environment, especially amidst Indonesia's cultural diversity and the dynamics of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with documentation techniques. The research data sources are utterances in WhatsApp messages from students of the Indonesian Language Education Study Program collected from January to June 2019. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of collection, reading, maxim identification, classification, and analysis. The results showed compliance with five of Leech's politeness maxims: tact maxim (11 data), generosity maxim (2 data), approbation maxim (2 data), agreement maxim (11 data), and sympathy maxim (2 data). Compliance is characterized by the use of greetings, apologies, self-introduction, and providing options to the interlocutor. Meanwhile, violations of politeness principles were found in the tact maxim (4 data) and the agreement maxim (1 data). Violations occurred because students gave the impression of dictating, forcing, or not providing freedom of choice to the lecturers. This study concludes that although most students have implemented politeness, a deeper understanding of speech strategies is still needed to maintain a harmonious relationship between students and lecturers.

English plays an important role in supporting students’ academic learning and future professional practice. In nursing education, students are expected to use English to understand field-related terminology, communicate in learning and clinical contexts, and engage with academic sources relevant to nursing. To support these needs, English instruction is commonly delivered through an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) approach that focuses on language use within the nursing context. Nevertheless, questions remain regarding how far ESP-based instruction responds to the learning difficulties experienced by nursing students. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the English language learning difficulties experienced by undergraduate students in the Nursing Science Program at the University of Bhamada Slawi. This study conducted a descriptive qualitative research design. Data were collected through a learning needs questionnaire and limited interviews involving undergraduate students from the Nursing Science Program at the University of Bhamada Slawi. The findings demonstrate that undergraduate nursing students experience a wide range of English learning difficulties across multiple language skills. These difficulties indicate that students’ English learning needs are diverse and extend beyond general language competence. English is required not only to support students’ current academic activities, such as understanding nursing texts and participating in clinical communication, but also to prepare them for future professional practice in healthcare settings where English is increasingly used. Based on these findings English teachers and curriculum developers are encouraged to design instructional materials and learning activities that align with the academic and professional needs of nursing students.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Teaching Factory (TeFa) program in relation to the quality of vocational high school graduates in Pasaman Barat Regency. The research employed a qualitative approach with an evaluative design, utilizing the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) model. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation at three vocational schools: SMK Negeri 1 Pasaman, SMK Negeri 1 Lembah Melintang, and SMK Negeri 1 Gunung Tuleh. The findings indicate that TeFa implementation has proceeded adequately, although challenges remain in infrastructure, productive teacher competence, and industry partnerships. Context evaluation reveals strong school commitment to TeFa, input evaluation highlights limitations in facilities and teacher training, process evaluation shows variation in implementation across schools, and product evaluation demonstrates improvements in graduates’ technical and soft skills, although work readiness levels are not yet uniform. These results underscore the need for strengthened support from local government and industry to ensure the sustainability of the TeFa program as a strategy for improving vocational education quality.

This study aims to analyze the role of Collaborative Governance in the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by Bank BRI Jombang Branch as an alternative strategy to enhance financial access. Utilizing the theoretical framework of Ansell and Gash, this study examines how the dimensions of starting conditions, facilitative leadership, and institutional design influence the effectiveness of inter-actor synergy in bridging access gaps that are unreachable through single-actor approaches. This research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with bank management, village officials, and community leaders, supported by field observations and document analysis. The findings indicate that collaboration effectively mitigates information asymmetry and credit risks through a trust-based "social collateral" mechanism managed by local actors. Empirically, this collaborative intervention successfully reduced community dependence on informal high-interest lenders (moneylenders) significantly from 40% to 10% in the target area, and transformed customer behavior from merely holding passive accounts to becoming active users of productive financial services for micro-business development. It can be concluded that Collaborative Governance has successfully shifted the role of State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) CSR from mere transactional philanthropy to an inclusive strategic empowerment instrument. Nevertheless, this success still faces challenges regarding the discrepancy between rigid banking administrative standards and the simpler economic practices of rural communities, as well as a significant digital literacy gap. This study recommends the adoption of a more adaptive institutional design through the simplification of verification procedures for vulnerable groups and the strengthening of hybrid-model mentoring, to ensure the program remains effective and supports the sustainability of community economic independence in the digital era.

The purpose of this study was to determine how classroom management affects students' desire to learn at MTs Al Mahrus. This study uses a quantitative approach and an ex-post facto research design because the research variables arose naturally without the researcher's assistance. Students in grades VII, VIII, and IX at MT Al Mahrus were the subjects of this study. To obtain an overview of the learning conditions in the classroom, observations and questionnaires were used as supporting data. The results of the study indicate that classroom management at MT Al Mahrus is in the good category, while student learning motivation is in the uncertain category. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with the help of the SPSS program. The results of the descriptive test show that the level of classroom management and student learning motivation are in the good category. These results confirm that effective classroom management is very important for increasing students' desire to learn.

This study aims to describe the innovation of implementing Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah integrated with differentiated instruction and digital technology in Indonesian language learning modules at the junior high school level. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. The research subjects were students of the Teacher Professional Education Program (PPG) in Indonesian Language and Literature who developed and implemented PBL-based Indonesian language learning modules. Data were collected through document analysis of the learning modules and semi-structured interviews with the PPG students as the module developers and implementers. The data were analyzed using content analysis techniques, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the implementation of PBL in Indonesian language modules fosters more contextual, meaningful, and student-centered learning. The integration of differentiated learning, Mengajar di Tingkat yang Tepat (TaRL), and Pengajaran Responsif Budaya (CRT) enables teachers to accommodate students’ diverse abilities and backgrounds. The use of digital media and social media platforms in assignments and presentations enhances students’ motivation, participation, and communication skills. Moreover, authentic assessment and reflective activities contribute to the development of students’ critical thinking, collaboration, and independence in line with the Pancasila Student Profile. Therefore, this PBL-based module can serve as a best practice model for innovative learning aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum and the demands of 21st-century education.

Early marriage, which involves at least one partner under the age of 18, is a serious global problem, including in Indonesia. Despite a decline in early marriage rates in recent decades, the practice is still prevalent especially in rural areas and areas with high poverty rates. This study aims to raise awareness of SMPN 1 Sub. East Panyabungan students about the dangers of early marriage through a comprehensive education program. The program used lecture methods, presentation, and interactive discussion. The results showed an increase in students understanding of the health risks, mental impacts, and social implications of early marriage. The approach proved effective in changing students attitudes, with many participants showing a commitment to delay marriage until a more mature age. This research makes an important contribution to early marriage prevention efforts in Indonesia, particularly in the context of school-based education in rural areas.

This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of inclusive education management at SMP Negeri 4 Babelan. Inclusive education is an educational approach that provides learning opportunities for all students without discrimination, including those with special educational needs (ABK). This concept emphasizes the importance of a friendly, adaptive, and responsive learning environment to student diversity. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies. Informants in this study consisted of the principal, regular teachers, special assistant teachers, students with special needs, and their parents. The results of the study indicate that inclusive education management at SMP Negeri 4 Babelan has been implemented through four main management functions, namely: (1) strategic planning integrated into the annual school work program, including budget allocation for inclusion needs; (2) organizing an inclusion team involving teachers, education staff, and the school committee; (3) implementing adaptive learning based on a differentiation and individualization approach, adjusted to students' abilities and learning styles; and (4) evaluations conducted periodically to assess students' academic and social-emotional development, as well as the effectiveness of the inclusion program as a whole. However, this study also identified several obstacles, including a limited number of special assistant teachers, a lack of professional training for regular teachers, and a lack of supporting facilities such as therapy rooms or learning aids. Furthermore, factors supporting the program's success include the school leadership's commitment to mainstreaming inclusion, a collaborative spirit among teachers, and the support and active involvement of parents. Based on these findings, this study recommends several strategic steps, such as strengthening teacher training in inclusive classroom management and adding special assistant teachers as needed.

This study aims to describe the effectiveness and efficiency of the management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds at SMAN 2 Sidrap. BOS funds are a government program aimed at supporting the financing of school operational needs at the elementary and secondary education levels. This program is expected to improve access and quality of education, but its implementation is still faced with various obstacles such as delays in disbursement of funds, lack of transparency, and a suboptimal reporting system. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. Informants in this study consisted of the principal, treasurer, teachers, and BOS fund management staff. The results of the study indicate that in general the management of BOS funds at SMAN 2 Sidrap has been running quite effectively and efficiently. Effectiveness is reflected in the use of funds that contribute to improving the quality of educational services, such as the procurement of learning facilities and the implementation of extracurricular programs. Efficiency is seen in the use of funds that refer to the priority scale of school needs. However, obstacles are still found such as delays in disbursement of funds from the central government that impact the smooth implementation of school activities, and financial reporting that has not been fully documented systematically and periodically. This research provides an important overview of the real conditions of BOS fund management in schools and is expected to provide input for related parties in order to improve the education financial governance system to make it more transparent, accountable, and sustainable.

This research examines the effectiveness of using Kahoot as a learning evaluation medium for mufradat (vocabulary) in Arabic language at LKP Kampung Arab Al-Azhar Pare. The research background indicates that mastering mufradat is crucial in Arabic language learning, yet conventional teaching and evaluation methods are often monotonous and less motivating for students. The objective of this study is to test the effectiveness of Kahoot as an evaluation medium in Arabic language learning for students of Takallam 1 Program. The method used is a combination of qualitative and quantitative with a one-group pre-test-post-test experimental design on 24 students. Research findings show a significant increase in students' average scores from pre-test (35.6250) to post-test (83.5417) after using Kahoot , as well as positive responses from students stating that Kahoot is enjoyable, easy to use, and engaging. The implication of this research is that the use of Kahoot is effective in increasing motivation and learning outcomes of Arabic.

The effectiveness of School-Based Management (SBM)-based extracurricular programs in developing students' soft skill characteristics still faces challenges, particularly in evaluating their impact. In response to this issue, this study aims to describe the influence of SBM-based extracurricular programs on the development of elementary students’ soft skills, including leadership, discipline, responsibility, honesty, and self-confidence. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach conducted at SD Negeri 7 Tahunan, Jepara. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the implementation of extracurricular programs managed participatively and supported by external coaches significantly contributes to shaping students' soft skills. Students showed improvement in discipline through regular attendance and rule compliance, responsibility through task completion in groups, honesty in activity reporting, as well as leadership and confidence through participation in scouting and sports. The implementation of SBM, which involves various stakeholders such as teachers, parents, and coaches, fosters an inclusive, reflective, and sustainable learning ecosystem that effectively supports character development through non-academic activities.

Writing proficiency in Arabic is a complex productive skill that requires mastery of vocabulary, sentence structure, and appropriate language use within context. In foreign language learning institutions such as the Jalaluddin Ar-Rumi Dormitory, the writing process is often influenced by external factors, including the Arabic-speaking environment and social interaction among students. This study aims to analyze the extent to which these two factors affect students' Arabic writing skills. A quantitative approach with a correlational survey design was used. The sample consisted of 40 purposively selected students. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire to measure the Arabic-speaking environment and social interaction, as well as a writing test to assess writing ability. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that both the Arabic-speaking environment and social interaction had a positive and significant effect on writing skills, with the Arabic-speaking environment having a more dominant influence. These findings highlight the importance of creating a learning atmosphere that actively and interactively supports the use of Arabic. The implications of this study point to the need for strengthening language immersion strategies and structured social interaction programs as integral components in developing Arabic writing proficiency in language institutions.