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Educational philosophy plays a significant role in developing students’ thinking abilities, especially in improving critical thinking competence and creativity. Through learning strategies that encourage students to actively ask questions, analyze, and evaluate information, students can develop into more rational, critical, and independent individuals in making decisions. This study aims to explore the role of educational philosophy in developing students’ critical reasoning competence and creativity. The research employed a qualitative method using a literature study approach. Data were obtained from various sources, including books, scientific journals, and articles relevant to the research topic. The findings show that the implementation of educational philosophy through discussions, question-and-answer methods, and experience-based learning (learning by doing) can improve students’ analytical skills while encouraging the emergence of creative and innovative ideas. In addition, a learning environment that provides students with opportunities to express their opinions can support the optimal development of their potential. Thus, educational philosophy not only functions as a theoretical foundation in education but also has practical applications in creating creative, active, and progressive learning environments. Therefore, the implementation of educational philosophy is important in producing a generation that is creative, analytical, and capable of facing the challenges of the modern era.

. This research is motivated by the low ability to write experiential stories of fourth-grade elementary school students, which is triggered by conventional learning methods and minimal use of media. The purpose of this study is to design interactive multimedia assisted by the Genially application on the material of writing experiential stories, which must meet the standards of validity, practicality and effectiveness. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE framework (Analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation). The research subjects consisted of 20 fourth-grade elementary school students. Data were collected through interviews, validation questionnaires, teacher and student response questionnaires, and pretests and posttests. The results of the study showed that Genilly interactive multimedia obtained a media validation percentage of 96%, material validation of 98% with a very valid category. The results of practicality obtained a percentage of 9a% from teachers and 98.3% from students with a very practical category. The effectiveness results showed an increase in learning outcomes with an N-Gain value of 0.91 in the proficient category, 0.74 in the developing category, and 0.71 in the need for guidance category, which is included in the high category. Thus, Genially interactive multimedia is suitable for use as a learning medium to help improve writing skills.

This study examines the implementation of speech therapy for children with speech delay at PSAA Balita Tunas Bangsa, an orphanage setting where children experience limited parental stimulation and various psychosocial challenges. The objective of this research is to analyze how speech therapy is carried out, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and understand its impact on children's expressive language development. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the head of the institution, speech therapist, caregivers, and a child with speech delay. The findings show that speech therapy conducted through methods such as word repetition, picture-based learning, and interactive play is effective in enhancing children’s vocabulary, communicative confidence, and social interaction. Key supporting factors include caregiver involvement and adequate facilities, while limited therapy frequency and children's initial resistance become inhibiting factors. The results indicate that the integration of therapy with daily caregiver support significantly contributes to the child's language progress. These findings highlight the importance of consistent stimulation, collaborative care, and structured therapeutic programs in improving expressive language skills in institutionalized children with speech delay.

Arabic language instruction in various educational institutions today is still dominated by the structuralist paradigm, which emphasizes the mechanical memorization of patterns and repetition without addressing aspects of linguistic creativity. This study aims to explore the essence of Generative-Transformational Linguistic Theory proposed by Noam Chomsky and to formulate innovative ways to implement it in Arabic language learning. The approach taken in this study is qualitative, specifically a literature review (library research). Data were collected through primary and secondary literature, which were then examined using content analysis methods through the steps of simplification., categorization, and interpretation. The research findings indicate that Generative-Transformative Theory shifts the focus of learning from imitation to creation through the use of the Language Acquisition Device (LAD). Through the dichotomy of deep structure and surface structure, students are guided to perform various transformational operations such as substitution (al-ibdal), expansion (al-ittisa’), elision (al-hadzf), and addition (al-ziyadah). This principle is also found to align with the classical linguist Ibn Jinni’s thoughts on the concepts of Asl and Furu’. This research suggests that teachers of grammar and word structure should change how they teach strategies into a cognitive-creative process that enables students to independently and authentically generate an unlimited number of new utterances.

The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged schools to adapt counseling services to the needs of students in the modern era. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the transformation of guidance and counseling services toward the digital era through a digital counseling audit at SMP N 18 Medan. The study used a descriptive evaluative approach with mixed methods involving guidance counselors and students as research subjects. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation related to digital counseling services. The findings showed that digital counseling services had begun to be implemented through online communication media such as WhatsApp and digital learning materials. Both counselors and students responded positively to the implementation of digital counseling because it was considered more flexible and accessible. However, the audit results indicated that the school was still in the transition category because several aspects such as digital databases, online assessment systems, and integrated counseling platforms had not been fully developed. The study implies that schools need to strengthen digital infrastructure, improve counselor digital competence, and develop more integrated counseling systems to support student needs in the digital era.

This study aims to examine the application of the leadership values of the Prophet Muhammad, consisting of siddiq, amanah, fathanah, and tabligh, in the leadership of madrasah principals and their influence on the performance and discipline of teachers at Madrasah Tsanawiyah in the Sungai Aur District. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, and questionnaires as additional data. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing using source and technique triangulation methods. The findings indicate that the value of siddiq is applied through honesty and openness in leadership, amanah is reflected in responsibility and teacher development, fathanah is evident in intelligence in decision-making, and tabligh is expressed through open communication. The application of these values has a positive impact on improving teacher performance in planning, implementing, and evaluating the learning process, as well as improving teacher discipline in terms of attendance, punctuality, and compliance with madrasah regulations. This study shows that prophetic leadership is an appropriate and effective leadership model in Islamic education management.

Students often have difficulty understanding the Solar System material given in elementary school science lessons using only conventional methods due to its abstract nature. This study creates and explains the advantages of "3D Solar System" learning materials with interactive puzzles and quizzes for sixth-grade elementary school students using the Qreatif Educative platform. Qualitative research methodology is applied to this type of library research. Scientific articles from the DOAJ and Google Scholar databases are scanned to collect data. After that, content analysis methods such as data reduction, classification, theory synthesis, and drawing conclusions are applied in this paper. The results of this study, the use of 3D media significantly increases students' cognitive interest and understanding because it provides more realistic and detailed visuals compared to 2D media. Qreatif Educative's interactive puzzle and quiz elements have successfully created a fun and engaging learning environment based on the psychological characteristics of elementary school children who like to learn through play. The conclusion of this study is that the "3D Solar System" media is worth considering as a creative alternative to improve the standard of science teaching and make it more interactive and student-centered.

Differences in learning needs and delays in reading are common problems that are often encountered among grade IV elementary school students. This situation can have an impact on students' academic achievement if not resolved with effective learning methods. The purpose of this study is to describe the learning methods used by teachers to deal with differences in learning needs and reading delays in grade IV elementary school students. This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings of this study show that successful learning methods include different learning, the application of multisensory methods, remedial, individual mentoring, and the use of various learning media that are innovative and interesting for students. This method is able to help students who have difficulty reading without interfering with the learning process of other students. With the sustainable and appropriate application of learning methods, teachers can create an inclusive learning experience, support the development of students' reading skills optimally, increase learning motivation, and build students' confidence and independence in overcoming academic challenges.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness, challenges, and solutions of the application of the Indonesian teaching module of biographical text material in grade X students of SMK Negeri Simpang Empat Tanah Bumbu in the Independent Curriculum. Teaching modules, which are essential for systematic planning, are often difficult for teachers to compile. This module focuses on the development of listening and speaking skills, as well as the cultivation of the Pancasila Student Profile (independent, critical, creative), supported by students' initial knowledge, various media, and a Creative-Productive learning model. With qualitative methods, the study found that although the teaching modules succeeded in creating planned learning (through activities such as goal negotiations, video exploration, and group discussions), there were major challenges in integrating all elements effectively, optimizing students' initial knowledge, developing independence/critical thinking, and overcoming media constraints and classroom dynamics. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need for teacher innovation in compiling and implementing modules so that learning becomes even, interesting, and in accordance with the spirit of the Independent Curriculum.

This study aims to describe the implementation of digital-based learning evaluation in elementary schools, including the types of media, methods of implementation, advantages, obstacles, and its relevance to evaluation theory. The research method used a descriptive qualitative approach with non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation at five elementary schools in Jakarta and Bandung, namely Narada School, Bakti Mulya 400, Cendekia Leadership School, Binekas, and Bandung Alliance Intercultural School. The results showed variations in the implementation of digital evaluation, ranging from project-based authentic assessment and teacher observation to integrated digital systems using LMS, Google Classroom, Quizizz, and Kahoot. Digital evaluation was found to improve efficiency, motivation, student engagement, transparency, and documentation of learning outcomes. The challenges faced included technological readiness, digital literacy, technical glitches, student distractions, and the risk of cheating. These findings are in line with the theories of authentic assessment, constructivism, and formative and summative evaluation. The research conclusion emphasizes the importance of developing teachers' digital competencies, strengthening school technology infrastructure, and adjusting evaluation methods to be able to optimally assess students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects, thereby supporting the improvement of learning quality in elementary schools.

This study aims to analyze the simultaneous effect of implementing Canva, an interactive visual media, in Science (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam/IPA) and the application of the Deep Learning approach (in-depth and contextual learning) in English on improving students' learning motivation at SMP Negeri 3 Galesong Selatan. Learning motivation is measured as a dependent variable crucial for academic success in the digital era. This research uses a Mixed Methods design with an embedded quasi-experimental model, supported by descriptive qualitative data through in-depth observations and interviews. The research sample consists of seventh-grade students who were the subjects of the Canva intervention in Science, and eighth-grade students who were the subjects of the Deep Learning intervention in English, each compared with a control group. The results of the paired t-test hypothesis test showed a significant and positive increase in students' learning motivation in both intervention groups. Qualitatively, Canva proved effective in visualizing complex Science concepts, facilitating understanding and creativity. Meanwhile, Deep Learning successfully contextualized English through authentic projects, enhancing material relevance and student independence. The main conclusion of this study is that the combination of visual technology innovation and the adoption of pedagogy focused on in-depth understanding is a transformative strategy for fostering strong intrinsic learning motivation at the junior high school level.

Rapid progress in information and communication technology has significantly influenced education, particularly in the assessment of student learning. This research aims to explore the use of digital assessment methods at SD Binekas Bandung and their role in improving educational standards. A qualitative descriptive methodology was utilized, which involved direct observation, interviews with the school’s administrators and teachers, and the collection of relevant documentation. The study was conducted on October 21, 2025. The findings indicate that SD Binekas has effectively integrated digital assessment instruments such as Google Forms, Quizizz, Wordwall, and smart boards. Teachers actively utilize these tools for both formative and summative assessments. Students showed a favorable response, reflecting heightened motivation and involvement. The identified advantages include more streamlined assessment processes, instant feedback, the ability to conduct statistical analyses, and enhanced digital skills among learners. However, several challenges remain, including dependence on internet connectivity, varying degrees of digital literacy among users, and obstacles in evaluating psychomotor skills. The implementation of digital assessments at SD Binekas has successfully improved the quality of teaching and learning through more efficient, engaging, and transparent assessment strategies.

This study aims to analyze the internalization of teacher professional ethics through reflective learning and a humanistic approach. The background of this research highlights ongoing moral issues in the educational environment, including violence, behavioral deviance, and abuse of authority, which emphasize the need for strengthening teacher ethical values. This research adopts a qualitative approach using library research methods by examining books, scholarly articles, and relevant documents related to teacher ethics, humanistic education, and reflective learning. The findings reveal that teacher professional ethics serve as a moral foundation in educational interactions and act as a guideline for teachers in carrying out their professional responsibilities. Reflective learning and the humanistic approach are proven to effectively support the internalization of ethical values, as they place learners at the center of the learning process, foster empathetic relationships, and create a safe and meaningful learning atmosphere. In the context of Islamic Religious Education, the teacher's roles as educator, role model, facilitator, motivator, and evaluator significantly contribute to the continuous formation of students' moral character. This study affirms that strengthening teacher professional ethics is essential to realizing an educational environment that is moral, ethical, and oriented toward holistic character development.

Learning motivation is a crucial factor influencing student success in the learning process at school. However, in reality, many students still suffer from low learning motivation, characterized by a lack of interest in lessons, passive behavior, and a tendency to engage in negative behavior in the school environment. This study aims to explore in-depth the strategies used by teachers to improve student learning motivation in junior high schools (SMP). This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation with 3 teachers experienced in teaching students with diverse backgrounds and characteristics. The results show that teachers employ various strategies to improve learning motivation, including building positive emotional relationships between teachers and students, creating a pleasant classroom atmosphere, implementing active learning methods, and providing positive reinforcement such as praise and rewards. These strategies have proven effective in increasing student engagement, self-confidence, and responsibility for the learning process. This study confirms that the role of teachers is not only as instructors but also as motivators and mentors, significantly influencing the development of students' enthusiasm for learning. The implications of this research demonstrate the importance of training and professional development for teachers to design learning strategies that adapt to the needs and characteristics of students in the modern education era.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Discovery Learning method on the learning outcomes of Aqidah Akhlak students at MAS Plus Al Ulum Medan. The background of this research is the low level of student participation and engagement in learning, since teachers still tend to rely on conventional lecture methods that are one-way, making students less active, unaccustomed to critical thinking, and resulting in suboptimal learning outcomes. Discovery Learning was chosen as an alternative approach because it emphasizes students’ direct involvement in discovering concepts through observing, collecting data, discussing, analyzing, and drawing conclusions, thus allowing them to relate the material to real-life experiences. This research employed a quantitative approach with a simple experimental design (quasi-experiment), where grade XI students were divided into two groups: an experimental class taught using Discovery Learning and a control class taught using the lecture method. The research instruments consisted of learning achievement tests (pretest and posttest) and student activity observation sheets, while data were analyzed using a t-test to determine the differences in learning outcomes between the two groups. The results revealed a significant difference, with the experimental class achieving an average posttest score of 85 compared to 72 in the control class. These findings demonstrate that Discovery Learning has a positive and significant effect on students’ Aqidah Akhlak learning outcomes, as well as enhancing their activeness, independence, critical thinking skills, and understanding of the subject matter. Therefore, Discovery Learning can be considered an effective instructional strategy to improve the quality of Islamic Religious Education in secondary schools

This research is motivated by the low level of student interest in Arts, Culture, and Crafts at school. This low level of interest is evident in the lack of active student participation, low enthusiasm during learning activities, and minimal initiative in completing arts and crafts practical assignments. This condition requires teachers to select and implement an appropriate learning model, one that not only delivers material clearly but also stimulates motivation and is suited to the characteristics of the students. One of the chosen models is Direct Instruction. This model emphasizes the teacher's delivery of material in a structured, clear, and systematic manner, followed by examples, guidance, and directed practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the application of the Direct Instruction model can increase student interest in Arts, Culture, and Crafts. This study used qualitative methods with observation, interview, and documentation techniques to collect data. Analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods by reviewing all field findings. The results showed that the application of the Direct Instruction model significantly increased student interest in learning. Students became more active in asking questions, enthusiastically followed instructions, and demonstrated improved skills in arts and crafts practicals. In addition, student involvement in class discussions also increased, and they were more confident in presenting their work. In conclusion, the use of the Direct Instruction model can be an effective alternative learning strategy to increase student interest in learning, particularly in Arts, Culture, and Crafts. Teachers are advised to combine this model with other creative methods to optimize learning outcomes.

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of the Paired Story Telling learning model on the narrative essay writing skills of grade V students of MI Assa'Adah Bungah for the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The problems raised in this study focus on the low ability of students to write narrative essays in a sequential, interesting, and correct structure. The Paired Story Telling model was chosen because it is considered to increase students' interest and active involvement in learning to write by retelling the content of the story with their partners. The method used in this study is a pseudo-experiment with between subject design. The sample in this study consisted of two classes, namely the experimental class that was given treatment using the Paired Story Telling model, and the control class that was not given special treatment and still used conventional learning methods. The research instrument is in the form of a narrative essay writing test that has gone through a validity and reliability test. The population in this study is all students of class V MI Assa'Adah Bungah for the 2024/2025 Academic Year which totals 42 students. The data analysis technique used a t-test which showed that there was a significant difference between student learning outcomes in the experimental class and the control class. The results of the hypothesis test showed that the significance value was 0.000 < 0.05 which means that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the Paired Story Telling model has a significant effect on improving students' narrative essay writing skills. These findings suggest that collaborative learning models such as Paired Story Telling can be used as an alternative strategy in effective writing teaching in elementary schools.

This study uses a qualitative library method aimed at analyzing the use of slang from a semiotic perspective among elementary school students and its implications for Indonesian language learning. The slang frequently used by students has certain symbols, meanings, and signs that reflect group identity, social dynamics, and the cultural development of early adolescence. In this context, slang functions not only as a means of communication but also as a means of self-expression and building social relationships among peers. The use of slang among elementary school students creates a space for them to interact and understand each other, as well as strengthen social bonds within their group. This study examines various literature and previous research results on semiotic theories proposed by Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Sanders Peirce. These theories serve as an important foundation in understanding the linguistic signs and meanings behind the use of slang. However, the uncontrolled use of slang can potentially obscure the rules of standard Indonesian. If not addressed with an appropriate pedagogical approach, this can disrupt the learning process and students' understanding of formal Indonesian. Therefore, it is important for educators to understand the dynamics of slang use among students in order to manage and direct its use in learning contexts. This way, students will not only be able to communicate well in slang but also be able to apply standard Indonesian language rules in appropriate situations, enabling them to become effective and competent communicators in today's global era. This research is expected to provide deeper insight into the importance of understanding slang in educational contexts, as well as encourage the development of more innovative and relevant teaching methods to meet the needs of students in the modern era.

This research examines the effectiveness of using Kahoot as a learning evaluation medium for mufradat (vocabulary) in Arabic language at LKP Kampung Arab Al-Azhar Pare. The research background indicates that mastering mufradat is crucial in Arabic language learning, yet conventional teaching and evaluation methods are often monotonous and less motivating for students. The objective of this study is to test the effectiveness of Kahoot as an evaluation medium in Arabic language learning for students of Takallam 1 Program. The method used is a combination of qualitative and quantitative with a one-group pre-test-post-test experimental design on 24 students. Research findings show a significant increase in students' average scores from pre-test (35.6250) to post-test (83.5417) after using Kahoot , as well as positive responses from students stating that Kahoot is enjoyable, easy to use, and engaging. The implication of this research is that the use of Kahoot is effective in increasing motivation and learning outcomes of Arabic.

This observation aims to ensure that elementary school children at SDN 1 Kaduagung Timur in grade V know the material about the concept of the food chain. The method used is a qualitative method. Qualitative methods are research approaches that focus on collecting non-numerical data to understand social, cultural, or psychological phenomena in depth. This method uses techniques such as interviews, observations, and text analysis to gain insight into the meaning and experiences of individuals or groups. The results of the study revealed that most students had a good basic understanding of the concepts of producers, consumers, and decomposers, but there were still errors in ordering the food chain correctly. The conclusion of this observation shows the need for a more contextual and visual learning approach to improve student understanding.