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Good study habits are an important factor in achieving success in elementary school learning. However, based on observations in class 3 of SDN 1 Bugel, it was found that students still show less disciplined behavior during the learning process, especially during group activities, such as talking without permission, not paying attention, and not following classroom rules. This study aims to improve students' study discipline in grade 3 of SDN 1 Bugel by using the Star Rewards system within the cooperative learning model called Numbered Heads Together (NHT). This study uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) approach with a two-cycle design following the Kemmis and McTaggart model. The research subject is 17 third-grade students from SDN 1 Bugel. Data collection was done through observation, questionnaires, documentation, field notes, and interviews. Data analysis was done using both quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The research results show that using the Star Rewards system in cooperative learning type NHT has significantly improved students' discipline in studying. The average score on the discipline questionnaire increased from 69.5 in cycle I to 85.5 in cycle II, showing an increase of 16.03 points. The minimum score for students has gone up from 50 to 75, showing that all students have improved in terms of discipline. Giving positive reinforcement through stars has been proven to motivate students to be more disciplined, focused, and responsible during learning. This finding suggests that combining the NHT model with the Star Rewards system can be an effective strategy for helping build discipline in elementary school students.

This study examines the effectiveness of the Partner in Learning model in enhancing students' collaboration skills during productive practice activities at SMKN 9 Bandung. Modern industrial demands require vocational school graduates to possess not only technical skills but also strong collaborative competencies. However, conventional teacher-centered learning approaches often limit students' opportunities for active social interaction. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten students from six different vocational programs at SMKN 9 Bandung, as well as non-participatory observation conducted during practice sessions in April 2026. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Source triangulation was applied to ensure data credibility. The findings reveal that the Partner in Learning model is effective in improving students' collaborative abilities, particularly in terms of active communication, teamwork, and shared responsibility in completing practice tasks. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including a classroom environment that is not yet fully conducive to open discussion and students' low initiative in independently seeking additional references. These findings imply that the success of this model depends on a supportive learning environment and strategies to foster student learning autonomy.

This study aims to analyze the role of educational psychology management in improving students' emotional well-being through a literature review approach. The study is motivated by the increasing emotional problems experienced by students due to academic pressures, social demands, and technological developments in the digital era. Research data were obtained from various relevant scientific articles published between 2022 and 2025 and accessed through academic databases. The analysis process was conducted by reviewing, comparing, and synthesizing research findings related to educational psychology management and students' emotional well-being. The results of the review indicate that effective educational psychology management can be implemented through empathetic approaches in learning, academic stress management, the development of emotional regulation skills, and the integration of spiritual values into the educational process. These approaches have been proven to create a conducive, safe, and supportive learning environment that optimally promotes students' emotional development. In addition, guidance and counseling services, as well as the implementation of humanistic learning management, play a significant role in maintaining students' psychological stability. Therefore, educational psychology management serves as an important strategy in realizing an educational system that is not only oriented toward academic achievement but also focused on enhancing students' overall emotional well-being.

This research aims to examine the influence of podcasts and YouTube videos featuring Qur’anic interpretation on the digital literacy skills of Islamic boarding school students. The study uses a descriptive quantitative method, with information gathered through observations and questionnaires. The participants involved were students from an Islamic boarding school environment. The findings reveal that digital media platforms, particularly podcasts and YouTube, play an important role in enhancing students’ digital literacy, especially in accessing, assessing, and critically interpreting religious materials. Furthermore, combining religious learning with digital technology increases students’ enthusiasm, involvement, and participation during the learning process. These media platforms also motivate students to become more independent and proactive in deepening their understanding of Islamic studies. Overall, digital media can function as an effective medium for supporting religious education as well as strengthening digital literacy skills. Therefore, educators are encouraged to assist students in identifying trustworthy, authentic, and reliable information sources in order to prevent misinformation and create more meaningful learning experiences.

. This research is motivated by the low ability to write experiential stories of fourth-grade elementary school students, which is triggered by conventional learning methods and minimal use of media. The purpose of this study is to design interactive multimedia assisted by the Genially application on the material of writing experiential stories, which must meet the standards of validity, practicality and effectiveness. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE framework (Analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation). The research subjects consisted of 20 fourth-grade elementary school students. Data were collected through interviews, validation questionnaires, teacher and student response questionnaires, and pretests and posttests. The results of the study showed that Genilly interactive multimedia obtained a media validation percentage of 96%, material validation of 98% with a very valid category. The results of practicality obtained a percentage of 9a% from teachers and 98.3% from students with a very practical category. The effectiveness results showed an increase in learning outcomes with an N-Gain value of 0.91 in the proficient category, 0.74 in the developing category, and 0.71 in the need for guidance category, which is included in the high category. Thus, Genially interactive multimedia is suitable for use as a learning medium to help improve writing skills.

This study aims to analyze the comparison of students' physical fitness during the COVID-19 pandemic and after the pandemic based on VO2 Max values. The research sample amounted to 100 students who had physical fitness data in two observation periods, namely during the pandemic and after the pandemic. Fitness measurements were carried out using the Beep Test (Multi-Stage Fitness Test / MSFT) to obtain a VO2 Max value. The results of the study showed that the average VO2 Max of students during the pandemic was 35 ml/kg/minute, while after the pandemic it increased to 42 ml/kg/minute. An increase of 7 ml/kg/min indicates a recovery in the student's aerobic capacity after returning to normal physical activity. Students who remained active in exercise during the pandemic showed better levels of fitness than students who did little physical activity. In addition, psychological factors, social support, and the availability of sports facilities also affect changes in students' physical fitness. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has been proven to have an impact on the decline in students' physical fitness, but these conditions can be restored through increased physical activity, environmental support, and structured physical education programs in the post-pandemic period.

This study aims to (1) describe the process of developing the Smart Box Aku Cinta Pancasila learning media for first-grade elementary school students, (2) describe the validity of the Smart Box Aku Cinta Pancasila learning media, and (3) describe students’ responses to the Smart Box Aku Cinta Pancasila learning media. This research is a developmental study using the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The study was conducted at UPT SD Negeri 253 Gresik during the odd semester. The research subjects consisted of 25 students, comprising 10 male students and 15 female students. The data collection techniques included interviews, media expert validation questionnaires, material expert validation questionnaires, learning outcomes test and student response questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that the Smart Box Aku Cinta Pancasila learning media obtained a media expert validation score of 96,25% with a very valid category, a material expert validation score of 97,50% with a very valid category, and a student response score of 97,2% with a very good category. Based on these results, the Smart Box Aku Cinta Pancasila learning media is considered valid and get a positive response, and therefore suitable for use as a learning media for Pancasila Education for first-grade elementary school students.

Training on some Heart Functional variables H. 2004, The effects of (9) pulse rate (H.R), stroke volume (S.V) and cardiac output (C.O.P.) in the body and physical abilities(10)-(13)(elongation of upper and lower limbs) Basketball players have heat stress on some it to test the functional variables of heart &physical abality before leaving trainings except(HR - Stroke )Pulse are increase until after gathering process for one weeks that High intensity interval training study was effective. Heterogeneity in tribal study findings. In the functional variables of the heart, it was increased in all study variables and results. (Pulse Rate (H.R), Decreased Functional Indices Strike Size (S.V) Stroke volume and Cardiac Out Put (C.O.P.)) In the body, while I said and reduced physical abilities (speed elongation for upper and lower limbs) and the researcher recommends reduce out of training time After the end of a sports season for The Decrease in Physical Functioning Through the Effects Phase, moderate intensity physical exercises during break from training.

This study aims to describe the compliance and violation of language politeness principles in student communication to lecturers via WhatsApp. The background of this research highlights the importance of communication ethics in the academic environment, especially amidst Indonesia's cultural diversity and the dynamics of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with documentation techniques. The research data sources are utterances in WhatsApp messages from students of the Indonesian Language Education Study Program collected from January to June 2019. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of collection, reading, maxim identification, classification, and analysis. The results showed compliance with five of Leech's politeness maxims: tact maxim (11 data), generosity maxim (2 data), approbation maxim (2 data), agreement maxim (11 data), and sympathy maxim (2 data). Compliance is characterized by the use of greetings, apologies, self-introduction, and providing options to the interlocutor. Meanwhile, violations of politeness principles were found in the tact maxim (4 data) and the agreement maxim (1 data). Violations occurred because students gave the impression of dictating, forcing, or not providing freedom of choice to the lecturers. This study concludes that although most students have implemented politeness, a deeper understanding of speech strategies is still needed to maintain a harmonious relationship between students and lecturers.

Depth perception is a crucial visual ability for humans to judge distance and understand three-dimensional space. However, the brain's distance estimation is not always accurate and is often influenced by external factors such as color. This study aims to examine in depth how orange color influences the acuity of human depth perception. The method applied is a Systematic Literature Review (TLS) by examining 8 research papers from repository data from Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases ranging from 2007 to 2025. The results show that orange, as part of the warm color spectrum with a long wavelength, significantly creates an advancing color effect that makes objects perceived as closer than cool colors. The main findings reveal that orange provides superior visual acuity in low-light conditions and has a wide stereoscopic disparity range to help the brain map space. In conclusion, the color orange functions as an effective additional visual cue in strengthening spatial perception. The implications of this research are highly relevant for the development of Augmented Reality (AR) technology and visual safety design, where the use of orange can minimize distance estimation errors by users

This study aims to develop AR-Venture Nusantara learning media on Indonesian cultural diversity material for fourth-grade elementary school students and to examine its validity, effectiveness, and practicality. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The study was conducted at UPT SDN 256 Gresik with 19 fourth-grade students as research subjects. Data were collected through interviews, media and material expert validation questionnaires, learning achievement tests, and student response questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques. The results showed that AR-Venture Nusantara media achieved a very valid category, with media expert validation reaching 96.43% and material expert validation reaching 95.31%. The effectiveness of the media was demonstrated by student learning outcomes, where 16 out of 19 students achieved mastery learning with scores ≥75, indicating classical completeness. In addition, the practicality of the media based on student responses reached 86.51% in the very good category. These findings indicate that AR-Venture Nusantara media is valid, effective, and practical for use in IPAS learning, particularly in introducing Indonesian cultural diversity.

This study aims to describe and analyze the effectiveness of digital service transformation through the myBCA ecosystem at Bank BCA KCP Ponorogo Cokroaminoto from the perspective of Public Administration. The paradigm shift from the Old Public Administration (OPA) to the New Public Service (NPS) requires service institutions to place citizens as the main subjects through the principles of transparency, accountability, and respect for public dignity. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth interview techniques, passive participatory observation, and documentation. Informants were selected by purposive sampling, including branch management, frontline officers (Customer Service and Teller), and customers. The results of the study show that the transformation towards the myBCA ecosystem has succeeded in significantly improving service efficiency through the transfer of routine administrative processes from bank counters to customer self-service. Features such as Single ID allow for flexible multi-account management, especially for businesses with high mobility in the Cokroaminoto area. This process reflects debureaucratizing practices that encourage frontline officers to focus on value-added consultative services that demand empathy and analysis. The success of this digital adaptation is supported by the synergy between the quality of e-service and the responsiveness of human resources. Although myBCA offers ease of use and reliability of the system, the role of officers as digital educators remains essential in bridging the technology literacy gap. The responsiveness and digital empathy shown by the officers increases public trust and ensures access to professional human support. In line with Law No. 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services, transparency and real-time information through myBCA strengthens institutional legitimacy. Thus, the effectiveness of digital services at KCP Ponorogo is determined by the balance between a reliable digital system and responsive personnel.

Analyzing procedural texts is an essential competence in Indonesian language learning at the junior high school level, as it requires students to apply analytical thinking and understand textual structures systematically. However, in classroom practice, students often experience difficulties in identifying text structure, linguistic features, and communicative purposes of procedural texts. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model in teaching procedural text analysis to ninth-grade students at SMPN 2 Sukaluyu Cianjur and to examine its role in developing students’ analytical abilities. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach involving students and an Indonesian language teacher as research subjects. Data were collected through classroom observation, analysis of students’ work, and documentation of learning activities. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the implementation of Problem Based Learning increased students’ engagement in the learning process, encouraged active discussion and collaboration, and supported students in understanding and analyzing the structure and linguistic features of procedural texts more effectively. Students were not only able to comprehend procedural text concepts theoretically but also demonstrated the ability to apply analytical skills in evaluating and revising texts. The learning process became more meaningful as students actively constructed knowledge through problem-solving activities related to real-life contexts. The results of this study imply that Problem Based Learning can serve as an effective alternative instructional model for Indonesian language learning, particularly in fostering analytical skills, learner autonomy, and meaningful engagement in procedural text instruction at the junior high school level.

This study aims to analyze the forms of grammatical and lexical cohesion in the discourse contained in the Anies Baswedan Podcast and the Pilkada drama on the Mata Najwa YouTube channel. Cohesion analysis in discourse is important because it can reveal the integration of meaning, the relationship between sentences, and the language strategies used by the sources to build arguments and self-image. The research methods used are the distribution method and the equivalent method. The distribution method is used to analyze language structures internally, while the equivalent method, especially referential equivalents, is used to see the relationship between language elements and their references outside the language. The data source for this research is a podcast recording on the Mata Najwa YouTube channel that specifically discusses the topic of Anies Baswedan and the dynamics of the Pilkada drama. The object of study focuses on the interactive chat between Anies Baswedan and Najwa Shihab which contains various language strategies. The data collection technique was carried out using listening and note-taking techniques, assisted by advanced methods to ensure the accuracy of data identification. The results of the study show that there are 36 cohesion data divided into 17 grammatical cohesion data and 19 lexical cohesion data. The grammatical cohesion found includes the use of references (personal and demonstrative pronouns), substitution, conjunctions, and ellipsis that function to connect language elements syntactically. Meanwhile, lexical cohesion includes the use of synonyms, antonyms, repetitions, and hyponyms that build semantic integration of meaning. This study confirms that the existence of grammatical and lexical cohesion in oral discourse plays an important role in creating message integrity and clarifying the speaker's intent. In addition, this finding shows that the interaction in Mata Najwa is not only informative, but also rhetorical, where cohesion is used strategically to build political narratives and influence audience perceptions.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model in improving problem solving skills in fractional materials for grade V students at SD Negeri 3 Mantingan. The background of this research is the low ability of students to solve fractional problems, mainly due to procedural misconceptions and lack of opportunities to discuss and construct understanding collaboratively. The method used is the Kemmis and McTaggart model Class Action Research (PTK), which consists of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research was conducted in one cycle, involving 28 students as subjects. Data collection was carried out through evaluation tests (pre-cycle and cycle I) as well as observation of student learning activities. The results of the study showed a significant increase in problem solving ability. The average score of students increased from 36.43 in the pre-cycle to 93.21 in the first cycle, with a t-test of 25.18 and a p< value of 0.001, indicating a high significance. Learning completeness increased from 0% to 100%. The TPS model has been proven to be able to overcome misconceptions, especially through the peer scaffolding process in the "pair" stage, which helps students in identifying variables and choosing the right calculation operations. In addition, there was an increase in students' collaborative skills in terms of expressing opinions and asking questions, with an achievement range between 68% to 75%. The main obstacles faced in the implementation of polling stations are the management of discussion time and class noise. However, this was successfully overcome through the use of timers and Student Worksheets (LKPD) equipped with scaffolding questions. It can be concluded that the TPS model is an innovative and effective approach in improving mathematical problem solving skills contextually, in line with the principles of the Independent Curriculum.

The writing of this thesis is motivated by the low creativity found in students, educators have not used a variety of learning models in learning Natural and Social Sciences. The purpose of this research is to increase the creativity of students in Natural and Social Sciences subjects using the project-based learning model for classV. This research is a class action research of two cycles, each cycle consists of two meetings. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this research were Class V students of State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru. This research was conducted in the second semester of the 2024/2025 school year. At State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru. The results of the research data analysis show that using the project-based learning model can increase student learning motivation in Natural and Social Sciences subjects in class V of State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru. Details of the results of observations of students using the project-based learning model have increased from cycle I to cycle II with an average value of 66.66% in the less creative category and increased to 93.33% in the Creative category. It is concluded that using the Project-based Learning Model can increase student creativity in Natural and Social Sciences subjects in class V of State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru.

The creation of this project is based on the Practice-led Research approach through a practical study of casual fashion design with a focus on “Bromo’s Sand as an Idea Source for Casual Wear Creation”. This creation practice study aims to convey design ideas that can add different types of clothing than before. This creation was based on the beautiful and unique idea source of Bromo’s Sand, which is still very minimal to be used as a source of ideas in fashion making. To achieve the goal of creation, the practical method of creation is used through four stages, namely: exploration, design, realization and presentation. The results of this creation are 2 women's casual outfits and 1 men's casual outfit with manipulating fabric denim slashing attached to clothing using application techniques. The results of the creation were presented in a fashion show event in the courtyard of the Surabaya State University rectorate building with the concept of theatrical fashion show which raised one of the tourist and cultural destinations in the Tengger Tribe area, East Java.

This research aims to analyze the application of the Think Pair Share type cooperative learning model to improve science learning outcomes for Class IV Students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Tebo Regency. This research is classroom action research carried out in two cycles. The subjects of this research were Class IV students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Tebo Regency. This research was carried out in the second semester of the 2024/2025 academic year in Class IV of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Tebo Regency. The results of this research are (1) the application of the Think Pair Share Type Cooperative Learning Model to improve the learning process of Class IV MIN 2 Tebo Regency students, carried out through the planning, implementation and evaluation stages of learning, (2) the application of the Think Pair Share Type Cooperative Learning Model (TPS) can improve the science learning outcomes of Class IV students as seen from the increase in teacher observation data from the average value of Cycle I, namely 78.12 in the "Quite Good" category to 90.62 "Very Good" in Cycle II. Furthermore, the increase in student observation scores with the average score in cycle I, namely 77.35 "Quite Good" increased in Cycle II to 88.25 "Good". The increase in the value of learning outcomes for the Pre-Cycle stage, namely 68.6 in the "Not Good" category, increased in Cycle I to 79.1 in the "Good" category. In Cycle II there was also an increase to 85.5 in the "Good" category. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of the Think Pair Share type cooperative learning model can improve science learning outcomes for Class IV MIN 2 Students in Tebo Regency.

This research was motivated by the low storytelling ability of Class III students at SDN 75/VII Kasang Malintang. The purpose of this research is to determine the improvement in students' storytelling abilities in Indonesian Language Subjects through Finger Puppet Media in Class III of SDN 75/VII Kasang Melintang. This research is a classroom action research consisting of two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this research were Class III students at SDN 75/VII Kasang Melintang. This research was carried out in the second semester of the 2024/2025 academic year in Class III of SDN 75/VII Kasang Melintang. The results of this research are as follows (1) Efforts to improve students' storytelling abilities in Indonesian language subjects through finger puppet media in class III SDN 75/VII Kasang Melintang are carried out through the learning planning stage which includes preparing teaching modules, finger puppet media, observation instruments, and storytelling ability tests. The implementation stage includes the implementation of storytelling learning using finger puppets. In the first meeting of each cycle, students tell stories in groups, and in the second meeting of each cycle, students tell stories individually. The final stage is an evaluation carried out by testing students' storytelling abilities and assessed based on assessment guidelines. (2) an increase in students' storytelling abilities resulted in an increase in teacher activity from cycle I and cycle II with an average score of 76.65 to 90 in the "Very Good" category.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how social media use affects grade IX students' academic performance at SMP Negeri 2 Batang Peranap.  Out of 90 pupils, 27 respondents participated in this quantitative study that took a correlational approach.  A 4-point Likert scale (Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree) was used in the questionnaire to examine the dependent variable (academic accomplishment) and the independent variable (social media use). A straightforward linear regression analysis revealed a strong inverse relationship between students' assessments of their academic performance and the amount of time they spend on social media.  Therefore, students tend to perform worse academically the more they use social media.  In order to increase productivity and facilitate learning activities, it is recommended that parents and teachers supervise and guide their children's use of social media.