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In the current digital era, social media has become an open space filled with streams of information, including invalid ones. Santri, as the future generation of the ummah, are required to have critical thinking skills to filter, analyze, and make wise decisions. Islamic boarding schools as traditional Islamic educational institutions are faced with the challenge to remain relevant amidst technological developments. This study aims to: 1) Find out the strategies of Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa III Gresik in improving students’ critical thinking skills toward social media developments, 2) Identify supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of the strategy, 3) Understand the role of Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa III in integrating traditional values with modern approaches to sharpen students’ critical thinking skills. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the strategies include: 1) Integration of digital literacy and critical thinking in the formal education curriculum, 2) Character building and supervision in the dormitory environment as a key strategy, 3) Strengthening through extracurricular activities, awareness campaigns, and limited training. Supporting factors include strong leadership, dedication from teachers and administrators, presence of traditional Islamic values as ethical foundations, and increased student awareness. Obstacles include time limitations, lack of structured materials, varying digital literacy levels, and the rapid evolution of social media. The pesantren has successfully integrated Islamic values such as tabayyun, adab, amanah, and husnudzon with modern approaches.

In the current digital era, social media has become an open space filled with streams of information, including invalid ones. Santri, as the future generation of the ummah, are required to have critical thinking skills to filter, analyze, and make wise decisions. Islamic boarding schools as traditional Islamic educational institutions are faced with the challenge to remain relevant amidst technological developments. This study aims to: 1) Find out the strategies of Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa III Gresik in improving students’ critical thinking skills toward social media developments, 2) Identify supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of the strategy, 3) Understand the role of Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa III in integrating traditional values with modern approaches to sharpen students’ critical thinking skills. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the strategies include: 1) Integration of digital literacy and critical thinking in the formal education curriculum, 2) Character building and supervision in the dormitory environment as a key strategy, 3) Strengthening through extracurricular activities, awareness campaigns, and limited training. Supporting factors include strong leadership, dedication from teachers and administrators, presence of traditional Islamic values as ethical foundations, and increased student awareness. Obstacles include time limitations, lack of structured materials, varying digital literacy levels, and the rapid evolution of social media. The pesantren has successfully integrated Islamic values such as tabayyun, adab, amanah, and husnudzon with modern approaches.

This study analyzes the role of families and caregivers at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Wana Seraya Denpasar in implementing elderly care programs and examines the implications of these programs for the quality of life of older adults. Using a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach, data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Two theoretical frameworks guided the analysis: Carrolyn Smith-Morris’ Social Support Theory, which highlights the importance of emotional, informational, and instrumental support for elderly well-being, and Robert J. Havighurst’s Activity Theory, which states that active involvement in social, physical, and spiritual activities enhances happiness and life satisfaction in old age. The findings show that families’ involvement remains limited due to time and distance constraints, yet their emotional presence still contributes positively to the psychological comfort of the elderly. Caregivers play a dominant role in meeting the physical, social, emotional, and spiritual needs of residents. The care program demonstrates positive implications, including improved health stability, increased social interaction, strengthened feelings of appreciation, and enhanced spiritual peace. Additionally, Balinese cultural values such as tatwam asi and menyama braya reinforce empathy, togetherness, and respectful relationships within the care system. The study concludes that synergy between families, caregivers, and local cultural values forms a crucial foundation for a meaningful and humane elderly care system.  

This study analyzes the role of families and caregivers at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Wana Seraya Denpasar in implementing elderly care programs and examines the implications of these programs for the quality of life of older adults. Using a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach, data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Two theoretical frameworks guided the analysis: Carrolyn Smith-Morris’ Social Support Theory, which highlights the importance of emotional, informational, and instrumental support for elderly well-being, and Robert J. Havighurst’s Activity Theory, which states that active involvement in social, physical, and spiritual activities enhances happiness and life satisfaction in old age. The findings show that families’ involvement remains limited due to time and distance constraints, yet their emotional presence still contributes positively to the psychological comfort of the elderly. Caregivers play a dominant role in meeting the physical, social, emotional, and spiritual needs of residents. The care program demonstrates positive implications, including improved health stability, increased social interaction, strengthened feelings of appreciation, and enhanced spiritual peace. Additionally, Balinese cultural values such as tatwam asi and menyama braya reinforce empathy, togetherness, and respectful relationships within the care system. The study concludes that synergy between families, caregivers, and local cultural values forms a crucial foundation for a meaningful and humane elderly care system.  

The Independent Curriculum is the latest education policy designed to provide students with learning freedom with a focus on developing competencies that are more flexible and student-centered. This study explains the implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SMP Negeri Satu Atap 1 Dolat Rayat, a rural school with various resource limitations. The research method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with teachers, field observations, and school documentation. The results of the study based on the results of in-depth interviews with teachers, found the main challenges such as the low basic literacy skills of students, the limited facilities of learning support infrastructure, the low active participation of students, and the diversity of student backgrounds that affect the implementation of learning. In addition, limited support from parents and education policies are also obstacles. To optimize implementation, teachers implement strategies to strengthen literacy, continuous training, use contextual media, and build cross-stakeholder collaboration. This study confirms that the success of the Independent Curriculum in rural schools requires an adaptive contextual approach and synergy of all related parties.

The Independent Curriculum is the latest education policy designed to provide students with learning freedom with a focus on developing competencies that are more flexible and student-centered. This study explains the implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SMP Negeri Satu Atap 1 Dolat Rayat, a rural school with various resource limitations. The research method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with teachers, field observations, and school documentation. The results of the study based on the results of in-depth interviews with teachers, found the main challenges such as the low basic literacy skills of students, the limited facilities of learning support infrastructure, the low active participation of students, and the diversity of student backgrounds that affect the implementation of learning. In addition, limited support from parents and education policies are also obstacles. To optimize implementation, teachers implement strategies to strengthen literacy, continuous training, use contextual media, and build cross-stakeholder collaboration. This study confirms that the success of the Independent Curriculum in rural schools requires an adaptive contextual approach and synergy of all related parties.

This research examines the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana as the orientation center of the Balinese Hindu community in Ternate City, functioning not only as a place of worship but also as a hub for social and cultural activities. The study aims to describe the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana in the religious, social, and cultural life of the Balinese Hindu community and to analyze the challenges faced in sustaining its existence within a multicultural society. The research employs Emile Durkheim’s Structural Functionalism theory, emphasizing the role of religious institutions in maintaining social integration. A qualitative approach was applied, using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that Pura Siwa Jagat Karana functions as a spiritual center, a medium for preserving Balinese culture, and a means of strengthening solidarity and identity of the Balinese Hindu community. Nevertheless, the temple faces several challenges, including limited accessibility for worshippers, changes in management, insufficient ritual facilities, dynamics in priest leadership, and constrained resources. Despite these obstacles, the temple continues to serve as a symbol of harmony and a space for interfaith dialogue that fosters peace in the heterogeneous society of Ternate.

This research examines the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana as the orientation center of the Balinese Hindu community in Ternate City, functioning not only as a place of worship but also as a hub for social and cultural activities. The study aims to describe the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana in the religious, social, and cultural life of the Balinese Hindu community and to analyze the challenges faced in sustaining its existence within a multicultural society. The research employs Emile Durkheim’s Structural Functionalism theory, emphasizing the role of religious institutions in maintaining social integration. A qualitative approach was applied, using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that Pura Siwa Jagat Karana functions as a spiritual center, a medium for preserving Balinese culture, and a means of strengthening solidarity and identity of the Balinese Hindu community. Nevertheless, the temple faces several challenges, including limited accessibility for worshippers, changes in management, insufficient ritual facilities, dynamics in priest leadership, and constrained resources. Despite these obstacles, the temple continues to serve as a symbol of harmony and a space for interfaith dialogue that fosters peace in the heterogeneous society of Ternate.

The comprehensive field of Islamic education encompasses not only all levels of schooling but also includes religion, ethics, history, law, and the Quran and Hadith. As part of Islamic religious education (PAI), students are taught to live in harmony with Allah, themselves, other humans, all living things, and the natural world, embodying the concept of Hablun Minallah wa Hablun Minannas. The main objective is to shape students' belief, understanding, and practice of Islamic teachings through planned learning activities, training, and guidance. Islamic religious education is an endeavor by educators to shape students' beliefs and practices via structured instruction, training, and guidance. This study explores the features of Islamic education resources across various educational levels, examining the types of instruction designed to identify these materials and evaluate their pros and cons. The study discovered that Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials from different grade levels and educational types exhibit distinct characteristics. These differences include variations in content, weight, depth, as well as psychological, philosophical, sociological, and technological aspects. Understanding the characteristics of PAI materials at various educational levels is crucial for developing more effective, relevant curricula and teaching methods tailored to students' developmental needs. The findings of this study are also intended to serve as a reference for educators when developing PAI learning materials suitable for students' educational and developmental levels.

The comprehensive field of Islamic education encompasses not only all levels of schooling but also includes religion, ethics, history, law, and the Quran and Hadith. As part of Islamic religious education (PAI), students are taught to live in harmony with Allah, themselves, other humans, all living things, and the natural world, embodying the concept of Hablun Minallah wa Hablun Minannas. The main objective is to shape students' belief, understanding, and practice of Islamic teachings through planned learning activities, training, and guidance. Islamic religious education is an endeavor by educators to shape students' beliefs and practices via structured instruction, training, and guidance. This study explores the features of Islamic education resources across various educational levels, examining the types of instruction designed to identify these materials and evaluate their pros and cons. The study discovered that Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials from different grade levels and educational types exhibit distinct characteristics. These differences include variations in content, weight, depth, as well as psychological, philosophical, sociological, and technological aspects. Understanding the characteristics of PAI materials at various educational levels is crucial for developing more effective, relevant curricula and teaching methods tailored to students' developmental needs. The findings of this study are also intended to serve as a reference for educators when developing PAI learning materials suitable for students' educational and developmental levels.

A professional leader of an educational institution is someone who is able to provide direction, set goals to be achieved, provide solutions to every problem, make various decisions, planning and strategies. He is a great person in implementing concepts. He actively communicates, coordinates, supervises and conducts evaluations. The most important thing is that he motivates teachers and education personnel to become professional teachers and education personnel. He builds morale and a spirit of togetherness in the madrasah educational institution, teaches, trains, and gives advice. All of these hopes will be realized if a leader has the integrity to lead the madrasah educational institution to become an excellent and quality institution. Leader, which means "to lead" or "leader," is the root of the word "leadership," which indicates the act of taking control. "Leadership as the ability to influence a group towards achieving goals" is what Stephen P. Robbins said when asked about leadership. One definition of leadership is the capacity to inspire others to work together to achieve common goals. The development of school culture in order to achieve commitment in achieving the expected standards needs to be continuously carried out in a culture of quality. Therefore, the principal's leadership plays a key role in realizing a culture of quality in educational units.  

A professional leader of an educational institution is someone who is able to provide direction, set goals to be achieved, provide solutions to every problem, make various decisions, planning and strategies. He is a great person in implementing concepts. He actively communicates, coordinates, supervises and conducts evaluations. The most important thing is that he motivates teachers and education personnel to become professional teachers and education personnel. He builds morale and a spirit of togetherness in the madrasah educational institution, teaches, trains, and gives advice. All of these hopes will be realized if a leader has the integrity to lead the madrasah educational institution to become an excellent and quality institution. Leader, which means "to lead" or "leader," is the root of the word "leadership," which indicates the act of taking control. "Leadership as the ability to influence a group towards achieving goals" is what Stephen P. Robbins said when asked about leadership. One definition of leadership is the capacity to inspire others to work together to achieve common goals. The development of school culture in order to achieve commitment in achieving the expected standards needs to be continuously carried out in a culture of quality. Therefore, the principal's leadership plays a key role in realizing a culture of quality in educational units.  

Inclusive education is an approach that emphasizes the importance of providing educational services for all children, including children with special needs (ABK), in a regular school environment. This concept is based on the philosophy that all students, regardless of physical, intellectual, social, or emotional differences, have the right to receive quality education. This study uses a literature review method by analyzing various sources to explore the role of teachers, challenges, and implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that teachers have a central role as facilitators, collaborators, motivators, and developers of adaptive curriculum. However, in practice, there are various challenges, such as lack of training, limited facilities, an inflexible curriculum, and social stigma against ABK. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen teacher competence, increase policy support, and synergy between schools, families, and communities in realizing inclusive, fair, and quality education.

Inclusive education is an approach that emphasizes the importance of providing educational services for all children, including children with special needs (ABK), in a regular school environment. This concept is based on the philosophy that all students, regardless of physical, intellectual, social, or emotional differences, have the right to receive quality education. This study uses a literature review method by analyzing various sources to explore the role of teachers, challenges, and implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that teachers have a central role as facilitators, collaborators, motivators, and developers of adaptive curriculum. However, in practice, there are various challenges, such as lack of training, limited facilities, an inflexible curriculum, and social stigma against ABK. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen teacher competence, increase policy support, and synergy between schools, families, and communities in realizing inclusive, fair, and quality education.

Understanding long texts in Arabic remains a significant challenge in many educational institutions, including MA Zaha. This article aims to discuss strategies for dissecting the main idea through a discourse analysis approach, focusing on both implicit and explicit meanings. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving observation, text analysis, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that discourse analysis aids students in identifying the main ideas that are often hidden in the form of metaphors or analogies. The application of strategies such as identifying opening paragraphs, analyzing sentence structures, contextual discussions, and idea mapping has proven effective in enhancing critical thinking, literacy, and understanding of Arab culture. This study recommends teacher training, textbook development, and the integration of cultural values to strengthen Arabic language learning holistically.

Understanding long texts in Arabic remains a significant challenge in many educational institutions, including MA Zaha. This article aims to discuss strategies for dissecting the main idea through a discourse analysis approach, focusing on both implicit and explicit meanings. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving observation, text analysis, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that discourse analysis aids students in identifying the main ideas that are often hidden in the form of metaphors or analogies. The application of strategies such as identifying opening paragraphs, analyzing sentence structures, contextual discussions, and idea mapping has proven effective in enhancing critical thinking, literacy, and understanding of Arab culture. This study recommends teacher training, textbook development, and the integration of cultural values to strengthen Arabic language learning holistically.

Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability (KPMM) is one of the essential skills that must be developed, as it trains students to formulate appropriate solution strategies, understand the meaning of each step, and cultivate systematic thinking habits. One of the tools that can be utilized to support the development of KPMM is the use of Student Worksheets (LKPD). Various studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of using LKPD in improving students' KPMM; however, comprehensive reviews that specifically examine the effectiveness of LKPD based on educational level and the form of LKPD used are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and synthesize previous research findings on the effectiveness of LKPD in supporting students’ KPMM in terms of educational level and LKPD format through a meta-analysis method. The population and sample of this study consist of journal articles and national conference proceedings selected according to PRISMA guidelines. The results of the meta-analysis show that the use of LKPD has a very strong influence on enhancing students' KPMM, with an effect size of 2.123. Based on educational level, LKPD is proven to be more effective when used at the junior high school level (SMP) compared to the senior high school level (SMA), while in terms of format, digital LKPD is more effective than printed LKPD in supporting students' KPMM.

Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability (KPMM) is one of the essential skills that must be developed, as it trains students to formulate appropriate solution strategies, understand the meaning of each step, and cultivate systematic thinking habits. One of the tools that can be utilized to support the development of KPMM is the use of Student Worksheets (LKPD). Various studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of using LKPD in improving students' KPMM; however, comprehensive reviews that specifically examine the effectiveness of LKPD based on educational level and the form of LKPD used are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and synthesize previous research findings on the effectiveness of LKPD in supporting students’ KPMM in terms of educational level and LKPD format through a meta-analysis method. The population and sample of this study consist of journal articles and national conference proceedings selected according to PRISMA guidelines. The results of the meta-analysis show that the use of LKPD has a very strong influence on enhancing students' KPMM, with an effect size of 2.123. Based on educational level, LKPD is proven to be more effective when used at the junior high school level (SMP) compared to the senior high school level (SMA), while in terms of format, digital LKPD is more effective than printed LKPD in supporting students' KPMM.

The purpose of this study was to illuminate how students understand various types of sentences, especially single sentences, compound sentences, and compound sentences, and to develop and implement flipbooks as a learning aid in grade V of SD Negeri 12 Kota Langsa. This study was conducted through a qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and documentation to collect data. The results showed that conventional learning methods and the lack of interactive media caused most students to still have difficulty in distinguishing the structure and use of sentence types. There is evidence that the use of visual and interactive flipbook media can improve students' understanding and encourage them to actively participate in the learning process. Flipbooks are able to create a more interesting and meaningful learning environment, despite technical constraints such as limited digital devices. This study found that flipbooks are an effective alternative for teaching Indonesian to elementary school students by improving their language skills.

The purpose of this study was to illuminate how students understand various types of sentences, especially single sentences, compound sentences, and compound sentences, and to develop and implement flipbooks as a learning aid in grade V of SD Negeri 12 Kota Langsa. This study was conducted through a qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and documentation to collect data. The results showed that conventional learning methods and the lack of interactive media caused most students to still have difficulty in distinguishing the structure and use of sentence types. There is evidence that the use of visual and interactive flipbook media can improve students' understanding and encourage them to actively participate in the learning process. Flipbooks are able to create a more interesting and meaningful learning environment, despite technical constraints such as limited digital devices. This study found that flipbooks are an effective alternative for teaching Indonesian to elementary school students by improving their language skills.