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Masculinity is a social construct often internalized in society through various forms, including literary works. This study aims to analyze the representation of masculinity in Boy Candra's novel Trauma, particularly through male characters interacting with the protagonist, Kimara. This research employs the approaches of literary sociology, gender theory, and trauma theory to understand how masculinity is depicted. Data were collected through a critical reading technique applied to the novel's text. The analysis reveals that masculinity is represented in various forms, ranging from emotional dominance to expressions of affection, as well as the influence of trauma in shaping gender dynamics. These findings emphasize that masculinity in Trauma is not an innate trait but a social construct influenced by emotional and social contexts. The study contributes to gender studies and Indonesian literature, while also enhancing readers’ understanding of the complexity of masculinity in literary works.

Masculinity is a social construct often internalized in society through various forms, including literary works. This study aims to analyze the representation of masculinity in Boy Candra's novel Trauma, particularly through male characters interacting with the protagonist, Kimara. This research employs the approaches of literary sociology, gender theory, and trauma theory to understand how masculinity is depicted. Data were collected through a critical reading technique applied to the novel's text. The analysis reveals that masculinity is represented in various forms, ranging from emotional dominance to expressions of affection, as well as the influence of trauma in shaping gender dynamics. These findings emphasize that masculinity in Trauma is not an innate trait but a social construct influenced by emotional and social contexts. The study contributes to gender studies and Indonesian literature, while also enhancing readers’ understanding of the complexity of masculinity in literary works.

This research examines the aspects of relevance, effectiveness, and impact of children's literature on the development of children in Indonesia. In the ever-evolving digital era, this study investigates how traditional children's literature continues to maintain its significance for contemporary generations. The methodology used includes a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, interviews with education experts, and observations of children's literature consumption patterns. The main findings indicate that classic children's literature maintains its relevance through the transmission of universal values and cultural heritage, as well as through adaptation into contemporary formats. The effectiveness of children's literature is proven in the improvement of literacy skills, emotional development, and social learning. Recent developments in children's literature show innovative trends, including theme diversification and the use of digital platforms. Furthermore, this research reveals the significant influence of children's literature on various aspects of development, including cognitive, emotional, social, and the formation of cultural identity. Children's literature serves as a catalyst in stimulating imagination, enriching vocabulary, and facilitating understanding of emotional complexities and social dynamics.The implications of this study emphasize the importance of integrating diverse children's literature into the education curriculum, as well as collaboration between educators, writers, and other stakeholders to create relevant and impactful content. Recommendations for future research include a deeper exploration of the long-term effects of children's literature exposure on individual development, as well as an investigation into the potential of children's literature in addressing contemporary issues such as digital literacy and global awareness.

This research examines the aspects of relevance, effectiveness, and impact of children's literature on the development of children in Indonesia. In the ever-evolving digital era, this study investigates how traditional children's literature continues to maintain its significance for contemporary generations. The methodology used includes a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, interviews with education experts, and observations of children's literature consumption patterns. The main findings indicate that classic children's literature maintains its relevance through the transmission of universal values and cultural heritage, as well as through adaptation into contemporary formats. The effectiveness of children's literature is proven in the improvement of literacy skills, emotional development, and social learning. Recent developments in children's literature show innovative trends, including theme diversification and the use of digital platforms. Furthermore, this research reveals the significant influence of children's literature on various aspects of development, including cognitive, emotional, social, and the formation of cultural identity. Children's literature serves as a catalyst in stimulating imagination, enriching vocabulary, and facilitating understanding of emotional complexities and social dynamics.The implications of this study emphasize the importance of integrating diverse children's literature into the education curriculum, as well as collaboration between educators, writers, and other stakeholders to create relevant and impactful content. Recommendations for future research include a deeper exploration of the long-term effects of children's literature exposure on individual development, as well as an investigation into the potential of children's literature in addressing contemporary issues such as digital literacy and global awareness.

Curriculum is an essential component of the education system, as the two are closely interconnected. Analogously, the curriculum can be likened to the heart in the human body. When the heart functions well, the entire body system will operate optimally. Similarly, if the curriculum is effectively implemented and supported by well-functioning elements, the learning process will run smoothly, producing high-quality learners. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how educational technology contributes to the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. This qualitative research uses a literature study, also known as a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), aimed at comparing current theories with those discussed in previous research literature. The literature sources referenced come from research findings and studies published in scientific articles, accessed through electronic literature search engines such as Mendeley and Google Scholar. The results of this study show that educational technology plays a crucial role in supporting the Merdeka Curriculum, as well as having a positive impact on the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar concept in practice. The continuously evolving Merdeka Curriculum helps facilitate the integration of the latest information technology for students.

Curriculum is an essential component of the education system, as the two are closely interconnected. Analogously, the curriculum can be likened to the heart in the human body. When the heart functions well, the entire body system will operate optimally. Similarly, if the curriculum is effectively implemented and supported by well-functioning elements, the learning process will run smoothly, producing high-quality learners. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how educational technology contributes to the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. This qualitative research uses a literature study, also known as a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), aimed at comparing current theories with those discussed in previous research literature. The literature sources referenced come from research findings and studies published in scientific articles, accessed through electronic literature search engines such as Mendeley and Google Scholar. The results of this study show that educational technology plays a crucial role in supporting the Merdeka Curriculum, as well as having a positive impact on the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar concept in practice. The continuously evolving Merdeka Curriculum helps facilitate the integration of the latest information technology for students.

This research aims to develop Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning articles with a Tri Hita Karana orientation to increase teachers' needs for interactive teaching materials at SD Negeri 2 Batur. In the independent curriculum, science and social studies learning is combined into Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects, with the hope that teachers can fulfill learning needs. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with the research subjects consisting of science and technology teachers. The techniques used in data collection were carried out through in-depth interviews and observation. The research results show that teachers need teaching materials that are more interactive, relevant to the local context, and able to integrate Tri Hita Karana values ​​in learning. The main challenges faced are limited technological facilities and a lack of teaching materials that link science concepts to students' daily lives. Based on research results, the development of local wisdom-based teaching materials such as Tri Hita Karana has the potential to increase students' active participation and support learning that is more meaningful, effective and relevant to the cultural context and local environment.

This research aims to develop Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning articles with a Tri Hita Karana orientation to increase teachers' needs for interactive teaching materials at SD Negeri 2 Batur. In the independent curriculum, science and social studies learning is combined into Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects, with the hope that teachers can fulfill learning needs. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with the research subjects consisting of science and technology teachers. The techniques used in data collection were carried out through in-depth interviews and observation. The research results show that teachers need teaching materials that are more interactive, relevant to the local context, and able to integrate Tri Hita Karana values ​​in learning. The main challenges faced are limited technological facilities and a lack of teaching materials that link science concepts to students' daily lives. Based on research results, the development of local wisdom-based teaching materials such as Tri Hita Karana has the potential to increase students' active participation and support learning that is more meaningful, effective and relevant to the cultural context and local environment.

  This paper reviews the challenges encountered by second language learners in the  acquisition  and  utilization  of  collocations,  which  are  crucial aspects of proficient language use. Collocations refer to the habitual pairing or grouping of words  that  occur  together  frequently  in  natural  language.  The  research synthesizes findings from various studies conducted in the field, highlighting common difficulties experienced by learners across different proficiency levels and linguistic backgrounds. Key factors contributing to these challenges include differences  in  first  language  structures,  inadequate  exposure  to  authentic language use, limited awareness of collocational patterns, and difficulties in achieving  native-like  fluency.  Additionally,  pedagogical  implications  and effective  instructional  strategies  for  enhancing  collocational competence are discussed,  is to inform language instructors and curriculum developers in building more targeted and effective language learning materials and activities.This  research  is  divided  into  three  sections;  section  one  presents  the preliminaries   of   the   study.   Section   two   explains   the   meaning,   types, characteristics, and importance of the study. Section three will apply a test of collocation on the 4th stage of the college to know their weakness points in collocation. Finally, the conclusion is the research.

  This paper reviews the challenges encountered by second language learners in the  acquisition  and  utilization  of  collocations,  which  are  crucial aspects of proficient language use. Collocations refer to the habitual pairing or grouping of words  that  occur  together  frequently  in  natural  language.  The  research synthesizes findings from various studies conducted in the field, highlighting common difficulties experienced by learners across different proficiency levels and linguistic backgrounds. Key factors contributing to these challenges include differences  in  first  language  structures,  inadequate  exposure  to  authentic language use, limited awareness of collocational patterns, and difficulties in achieving  native-like  fluency.  Additionally,  pedagogical  implications  and effective  instructional  strategies  for  enhancing  collocational competence are discussed,  is to inform language instructors and curriculum developers in building more targeted and effective language learning materials and activities.This  research  is  divided  into  three  sections;  section  one  presents  the preliminaries   of   the   study.   Section   two   explains   the   meaning,   types, characteristics, and importance of the study. Section three will apply a test of collocation on the 4th stage of the college to know their weakness points in collocation. Finally, the conclusion is the research.

war trauma and its relationship to women in regions of conflict are conceptualized by the confusion of identities between male and female identity, soldiering, and even immigration issues. The majority of combat literature has been written by men, but Sand Queen distinguishes apart because it emphasizes the viewpoint of the female character and author. The story of Kate develops to depict the gruesome details and complexities of the conflict. Her experience demonstrates that women face particular challenges throughout combat as well as in civilian life. In Sand Queen, the consequences of the war trauma can be seen in the characters' reactions throughout the dialogical narrative that recounts the terrible experiences of a female soldier.

war trauma and its relationship to women in regions of conflict are conceptualized by the confusion of identities between male and female identity, soldiering, and even immigration issues. The majority of combat literature has been written by men, but Sand Queen distinguishes apart because it emphasizes the viewpoint of the female character and author. The story of Kate develops to depict the gruesome details and complexities of the conflict. Her experience demonstrates that women face particular challenges throughout combat as well as in civilian life. In Sand Queen, the consequences of the war trauma can be seen in the characters' reactions throughout the dialogical narrative that recounts the terrible experiences of a female soldier.

Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners typically spend around eight years studying English before entering university. During the last four years of high school, students get frequent and rigorous instruction in English tenses. In addition, when they Upon entering the institution, students enroll in the English department where they engage in a rigorous four-year study of the English language. The curriculum is built with a focus on teaching tense. Grammar is taught for a total of three hours each week over a span of thirty weeks per year during these four years. However, Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners have significant difficulties in many grammatical aspects, particularly in the understanding and use of tenses. This article is a data analysis research that seeks to detect grammatical mistakes, including their nature, kinds, and origins. It is presumed in this context that you are now experiencing a difficulty, and I would want to know what specific issue you encountered in the past. The Past tense is used to describe previous activities that occurred either at a precise point in time, which may be indicated by a time phrase or inferred from the surrounding context. The past continuous tense is used to depict acts or occurrences that occurred at a period prior to the present moment.  

Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners typically spend around eight years studying English before entering university. During the last four years of high school, students get frequent and rigorous instruction in English tenses. In addition, when they Upon entering the institution, students enroll in the English department where they engage in a rigorous four-year study of the English language. The curriculum is built with a focus on teaching tense. Grammar is taught for a total of three hours each week over a span of thirty weeks per year during these four years. However, Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners have significant difficulties in many grammatical aspects, particularly in the understanding and use of tenses. This article is a data analysis research that seeks to detect grammatical mistakes, including their nature, kinds, and origins. It is presumed in this context that you are now experiencing a difficulty, and I would want to know what specific issue you encountered in the past. The Past tense is used to describe previous activities that occurred either at a precise point in time, which may be indicated by a time phrase or inferred from the surrounding context. The past continuous tense is used to depict acts or occurrences that occurred at a period prior to the present moment.  

The Kampus Mengajar Program is an initiative by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia aimed at improving the quality of education in elementary schools, particularly in literacy and numeracy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this program at SDN 5 Kalibarumanis through a creative learning approach. Implemented programs include Puzzle Mame (Metaphor Majas), TTS Listening to Stories, and the Making of 3D Shape Nets. The results show that this creative approach successfully increased students' interest, motivation, and literacy and numeracy skills. Collaboration with class teachers also positively contributed to the program's success. Based on these findings, it is recommended that this creative learning approach be further developed and implemented in other schools to enhance overall educational quality.

The Kampus Mengajar Program is an initiative by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia aimed at improving the quality of education in elementary schools, particularly in literacy and numeracy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this program at SDN 5 Kalibarumanis through a creative learning approach. Implemented programs include Puzzle Mame (Metaphor Majas), TTS Listening to Stories, and the Making of 3D Shape Nets. The results show that this creative approach successfully increased students' interest, motivation, and literacy and numeracy skills. Collaboration with class teachers also positively contributed to the program's success. Based on these findings, it is recommended that this creative learning approach be further developed and implemented in other schools to enhance overall educational quality.

Teaching writing is not easy. Teacher needs to think the appropriate and effective medium that will be able to attract the students’ interest. Due to this case, an animated video was chosen as a medium to facilitate students' learning process to be more interactive and attract students' interest for composing, particularly to write Descriptive Texts. The research explored the use animated videos to teach descriptive text in grade seventh academic year 2023/2024 at MTsN 6 Tulungagung. The type of experiment utilized is a Quantitative with Pre-Experiment Designs. The sample consisted of 31 students as control group. There are three steps conducting this research: pre-test, treatment, and post-test. The expert formed the validation of the questions. Based of the data analysis results, the pre-experimental class’s mean scores 76.35 and 86.32 in the post-test. Researchers found that the score of Sig. (2-Tailed) is 0.001 less than 0.05, therefore H0 is denied by acceptance of Ha. So in this case it was concluded that the differences in the analysis of the mean between the results of the pre and post-test meant that there were effects of using the animated video as the medium of learning in writing Descriptive Text in class VII in the 2023/2024 school year at MTsN 6 Tulungagung.

Teaching writing is not easy. Teacher needs to think the appropriate and effective medium that will be able to attract the students’ interest. Due to this case, an animated video was chosen as a medium to facilitate students' learning process to be more interactive and attract students' interest for composing, particularly to write Descriptive Texts. The research explored the use animated videos to teach descriptive text in grade seventh academic year 2023/2024 at MTsN 6 Tulungagung. The type of experiment utilized is a Quantitative with Pre-Experiment Designs. The sample consisted of 31 students as control group. There are three steps conducting this research: pre-test, treatment, and post-test. The expert formed the validation of the questions. Based of the data analysis results, the pre-experimental class’s mean scores 76.35 and 86.32 in the post-test. Researchers found that the score of Sig. (2-Tailed) is 0.001 less than 0.05, therefore H0 is denied by acceptance of Ha. So in this case it was concluded that the differences in the analysis of the mean between the results of the pre and post-test meant that there were effects of using the animated video as the medium of learning in writing Descriptive Text in class VII in the 2023/2024 school year at MTsN 6 Tulungagung.

Education is a process in which educators and students work together to create benefits, skilled attitudes, and personalities. In the midst of the pandemic, the government is encouraging educational institutions to change students from face-to-face learning to virtual, or distance, learning. Virtual learning remains another option when teachers cannot be in class. This research aims to understand how the learning environment influences the desire to learn. This study uses a quantitative approach. A sample of 30 sharia economics study program students at UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten received a questionnaire via Google form. Data were then collected using the SPSS Version 25 program. This research found that the online learning environment influenced students' desire to study sharia economics at UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten. The findings show that some students experience difficulties in learning the lessons given by their teachers during online learning, which results in a decrease in their desire to learn. Therefore, to increase student motivation and learning outcomes, the quality of learning on campus must be improved.

Education is a process in which educators and students work together to create benefits, skilled attitudes, and personalities. In the midst of the pandemic, the government is encouraging educational institutions to change students from face-to-face learning to virtual, or distance, learning. Virtual learning remains another option when teachers cannot be in class. This research aims to understand how the learning environment influences the desire to learn. This study uses a quantitative approach. A sample of 30 sharia economics study program students at UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten received a questionnaire via Google form. Data were then collected using the SPSS Version 25 program. This research found that the online learning environment influenced students' desire to study sharia economics at UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten. The findings show that some students experience difficulties in learning the lessons given by their teachers during online learning, which results in a decrease in their desire to learn. Therefore, to increase student motivation and learning outcomes, the quality of learning on campus must be improved.