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The Independent Curriculum is the latest education policy designed to provide students with learning freedom with a focus on developing competencies that are more flexible and student-centered. This study explains the implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SMP Negeri Satu Atap 1 Dolat Rayat, a rural school with various resource limitations. The research method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with teachers, field observations, and school documentation. The results of the study based on the results of in-depth interviews with teachers, found the main challenges such as the low basic literacy skills of students, the limited facilities of learning support infrastructure, the low active participation of students, and the diversity of student backgrounds that affect the implementation of learning. In addition, limited support from parents and education policies are also obstacles. To optimize implementation, teachers implement strategies to strengthen literacy, continuous training, use contextual media, and build cross-stakeholder collaboration. This study confirms that the success of the Independent Curriculum in rural schools requires an adaptive contextual approach and synergy of all related parties.

The Independent Curriculum is the latest education policy designed to provide students with learning freedom with a focus on developing competencies that are more flexible and student-centered. This study explains the implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SMP Negeri Satu Atap 1 Dolat Rayat, a rural school with various resource limitations. The research method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with teachers, field observations, and school documentation. The results of the study based on the results of in-depth interviews with teachers, found the main challenges such as the low basic literacy skills of students, the limited facilities of learning support infrastructure, the low active participation of students, and the diversity of student backgrounds that affect the implementation of learning. In addition, limited support from parents and education policies are also obstacles. To optimize implementation, teachers implement strategies to strengthen literacy, continuous training, use contextual media, and build cross-stakeholder collaboration. This study confirms that the success of the Independent Curriculum in rural schools requires an adaptive contextual approach and synergy of all related parties.

Inclusive education seeks to ensure equal learning opportunities for all students, including those with special needs such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Students with ADHD often struggle with concentration, self-regulation, and social interaction, which can hinder their ability to thrive in mainstream classroom settings. As a result, the role of a shadow teacher as a personal aide becomes crucial. This article explores effective strategies to support students with ADHD through the involvement of shadow teachers in an inclusive educational environment, with a specific focus on SD Muhammadiyah Manyar Gresik. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study highlights various forms of support—academic assistance, behavioral intervention, and socio-emotional guidance—while emphasizing the importance of collaboration among shadow teachers, classroom educators, and parents. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results suggest that skilled and well-supported shadow teachers play a significant role in helping students with ADHD adjust to and succeed in inclusive learning setting.

Inclusive education seeks to ensure equal learning opportunities for all students, including those with special needs such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Students with ADHD often struggle with concentration, self-regulation, and social interaction, which can hinder their ability to thrive in mainstream classroom settings. As a result, the role of a shadow teacher as a personal aide becomes crucial. This article explores effective strategies to support students with ADHD through the involvement of shadow teachers in an inclusive educational environment, with a specific focus on SD Muhammadiyah Manyar Gresik. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study highlights various forms of support—academic assistance, behavioral intervention, and socio-emotional guidance—while emphasizing the importance of collaboration among shadow teachers, classroom educators, and parents. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results suggest that skilled and well-supported shadow teachers play a significant role in helping students with ADHD adjust to and succeed in inclusive learning setting.

Adaptive approach is an intervention strategy that places the unique needs of each child with mild autism as the center of attention, so that learning and therapy methods are flexibly adjusted to individual characteristics and abilities. This literature review examines how adaptive approach can increase the independence of children with mild autism through the active role of parents and the implementation of structured daily activities. Parents act as the main partners in the learning process, not only providing emotional support, but also becoming facilitators who help children apply the skills learned at school into everyday life at home. Structured daily activities provide clear and consistent routines, helping children understand and anticipate activities, thereby reducing anxiety and increasing focus in carrying out tasks. Stimulus-response techniques are an effective method in developing children's adaptive behavior, with positive reinforcement that motivates children to continue learning and repeating independent behavior. Close collaboration between teachers, therapists, and parents creates an adaptive and consistent learning environment, which allows children to develop independence gradually and sustainably. This study confirms that holistic interventions involving full support from parents and the implementation of structured daily activities are the keys to success in increasing the independence of children with mild autism.

Adaptive approach is an intervention strategy that places the unique needs of each child with mild autism as the center of attention, so that learning and therapy methods are flexibly adjusted to individual characteristics and abilities. This literature review examines how adaptive approach can increase the independence of children with mild autism through the active role of parents and the implementation of structured daily activities. Parents act as the main partners in the learning process, not only providing emotional support, but also becoming facilitators who help children apply the skills learned at school into everyday life at home. Structured daily activities provide clear and consistent routines, helping children understand and anticipate activities, thereby reducing anxiety and increasing focus in carrying out tasks. Stimulus-response techniques are an effective method in developing children's adaptive behavior, with positive reinforcement that motivates children to continue learning and repeating independent behavior. Close collaboration between teachers, therapists, and parents creates an adaptive and consistent learning environment, which allows children to develop independence gradually and sustainably. This study confirms that holistic interventions involving full support from parents and the implementation of structured daily activities are the keys to success in increasing the independence of children with mild autism.

Inclusive education in North Sumatra faces various challenges in efforts to achieve educational equality for all children, including children with special needs. This study aims to analyze the challenges and solutions applied in the implementation of inclusive education in the region. The results of the study indicate that the main challenges in inclusive education include limited facilities that support the needs of children with disabilities, the lack of teachers with special competencies, and minimal public understanding of the importance of inclusive education. Additionally, the limitations in resources and the lack of training for educators are also significant barriers to providing quality education for all children. However, several solutions have been implemented to address these issues. These solutions include improving teacher training to ensure educators have sufficient skills and knowledge in handling children with special needs, providing more supportive facilities and infrastructure such as disability-friendly classrooms, and efforts to socialize the importance of inclusive education to the community to reduce stigma against children with special needs. This study emphasizes that collaboration between the government, schools, and the community is essential to strengthen the implementation of inclusive education, in order to create a more inclusive and equitable learning environment for all children in North Sumatra.

Inclusive education in North Sumatra faces various challenges in efforts to achieve educational equality for all children, including children with special needs. This study aims to analyze the challenges and solutions applied in the implementation of inclusive education in the region. The results of the study indicate that the main challenges in inclusive education include limited facilities that support the needs of children with disabilities, the lack of teachers with special competencies, and minimal public understanding of the importance of inclusive education. Additionally, the limitations in resources and the lack of training for educators are also significant barriers to providing quality education for all children. However, several solutions have been implemented to address these issues. These solutions include improving teacher training to ensure educators have sufficient skills and knowledge in handling children with special needs, providing more supportive facilities and infrastructure such as disability-friendly classrooms, and efforts to socialize the importance of inclusive education to the community to reduce stigma against children with special needs. This study emphasizes that collaboration between the government, schools, and the community is essential to strengthen the implementation of inclusive education, in order to create a more inclusive and equitable learning environment for all children in North Sumatra.

This research aims to identify challenges and solutions in implementing discussion learning methods in Indonesian language subjects. Through a literature review, it was found that the main challenges lie in low student participation, teachers' lack of ability to manage discussions, and limited time and resources. Apart from that, the heterogeneity of students' abilities is also an obstacle. To overcome these challenges, this research presents several solutions, including: creating a conducive learning environment, providing space for exploration for students, improving teacher skills, motivating students, and improving classroom management. By implementing these solutions in an integrated manner, it is hoped that discussion learning can become more effective and achieve the desired learning goals. This research concludes that the successful implementation of the discussion method is very dependent on the joint efforts of various parties, including teachers, students and schools. Thus, discussion learning can be an effective means for developing students' language, critical thinking and collaboration skills. 

This research aims to identify challenges and solutions in implementing discussion learning methods in Indonesian language subjects. Through a literature review, it was found that the main challenges lie in low student participation, teachers' lack of ability to manage discussions, and limited time and resources. Apart from that, the heterogeneity of students' abilities is also an obstacle. To overcome these challenges, this research presents several solutions, including: creating a conducive learning environment, providing space for exploration for students, improving teacher skills, motivating students, and improving classroom management. By implementing these solutions in an integrated manner, it is hoped that discussion learning can become more effective and achieve the desired learning goals. This research concludes that the successful implementation of the discussion method is very dependent on the joint efforts of various parties, including teachers, students and schools. Thus, discussion learning can be an effective means for developing students' language, critical thinking and collaboration skills. 

This research examines the aspects of relevance, effectiveness, and impact of children's literature on the development of children in Indonesia. In the ever-evolving digital era, this study investigates how traditional children's literature continues to maintain its significance for contemporary generations. The methodology used includes a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, interviews with education experts, and observations of children's literature consumption patterns. The main findings indicate that classic children's literature maintains its relevance through the transmission of universal values and cultural heritage, as well as through adaptation into contemporary formats. The effectiveness of children's literature is proven in the improvement of literacy skills, emotional development, and social learning. Recent developments in children's literature show innovative trends, including theme diversification and the use of digital platforms. Furthermore, this research reveals the significant influence of children's literature on various aspects of development, including cognitive, emotional, social, and the formation of cultural identity. Children's literature serves as a catalyst in stimulating imagination, enriching vocabulary, and facilitating understanding of emotional complexities and social dynamics.The implications of this study emphasize the importance of integrating diverse children's literature into the education curriculum, as well as collaboration between educators, writers, and other stakeholders to create relevant and impactful content. Recommendations for future research include a deeper exploration of the long-term effects of children's literature exposure on individual development, as well as an investigation into the potential of children's literature in addressing contemporary issues such as digital literacy and global awareness.

This research examines the aspects of relevance, effectiveness, and impact of children's literature on the development of children in Indonesia. In the ever-evolving digital era, this study investigates how traditional children's literature continues to maintain its significance for contemporary generations. The methodology used includes a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, interviews with education experts, and observations of children's literature consumption patterns. The main findings indicate that classic children's literature maintains its relevance through the transmission of universal values and cultural heritage, as well as through adaptation into contemporary formats. The effectiveness of children's literature is proven in the improvement of literacy skills, emotional development, and social learning. Recent developments in children's literature show innovative trends, including theme diversification and the use of digital platforms. Furthermore, this research reveals the significant influence of children's literature on various aspects of development, including cognitive, emotional, social, and the formation of cultural identity. Children's literature serves as a catalyst in stimulating imagination, enriching vocabulary, and facilitating understanding of emotional complexities and social dynamics.The implications of this study emphasize the importance of integrating diverse children's literature into the education curriculum, as well as collaboration between educators, writers, and other stakeholders to create relevant and impactful content. Recommendations for future research include a deeper exploration of the long-term effects of children's literature exposure on individual development, as well as an investigation into the potential of children's literature in addressing contemporary issues such as digital literacy and global awareness.

The Kampus Mengajar Program is an initiative by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia aimed at improving the quality of education in elementary schools, particularly in literacy and numeracy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this program at SDN 5 Kalibarumanis through a creative learning approach. Implemented programs include Puzzle Mame (Metaphor Majas), TTS Listening to Stories, and the Making of 3D Shape Nets. The results show that this creative approach successfully increased students' interest, motivation, and literacy and numeracy skills. Collaboration with class teachers also positively contributed to the program's success. Based on these findings, it is recommended that this creative learning approach be further developed and implemented in other schools to enhance overall educational quality.

The Kampus Mengajar Program is an initiative by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia aimed at improving the quality of education in elementary schools, particularly in literacy and numeracy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this program at SDN 5 Kalibarumanis through a creative learning approach. Implemented programs include Puzzle Mame (Metaphor Majas), TTS Listening to Stories, and the Making of 3D Shape Nets. The results show that this creative approach successfully increased students' interest, motivation, and literacy and numeracy skills. Collaboration with class teachers also positively contributed to the program's success. Based on these findings, it is recommended that this creative learning approach be further developed and implemented in other schools to enhance overall educational quality.

The problem in this research is whether the application of role playing techniques through group guidance is effective in increasing the self-esteem of class IX A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki for the 2023/2024 academic year? The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of applying role playing techniques through group guidance to increase the self-esteem of class IX A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki Kupang 2023/2024 academic year The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive using pre-experimental design (one-group pretest-posttest design). The instruments used in this research were a self-esteem questionnaire and guidelines for implementing role playing techniques. The data analysis technique uses the t test formula. The results of data analysis show that the t_count value is 33.4268, while the t_table value at the 5% significance level is 2.132. Thus, the t_count>t_table value, this shows that the role playing technique through group guidance is effective in increasing the self-esteem of class IX A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki Kupang 2023/2024 academic year. Based on the results of this research, the researcher provides suggestions to: 1) The Principal is expected to further increase collaboration with Guidance and Counseling teachers in the implementation of role playing techniques through group guidance in order to help increase students' self-esteem. 2) Guidance and Counseling Teachers are expected to continuously carry out activities applying role playing techniques through group guidance to increase students' self-esteem. 3) Students are expected to actively participate in participating in activities applying role playing techniques through group guidance to increased self-esteem.

The problem in this research is whether the application of role playing techniques through group guidance is effective in increasing the self-esteem of class IX A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki for the 2023/2024 academic year? The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of applying role playing techniques through group guidance to increase the self-esteem of class IX A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki Kupang 2023/2024 academic year The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive using pre-experimental design (one-group pretest-posttest design). The instruments used in this research were a self-esteem questionnaire and guidelines for implementing role playing techniques. The data analysis technique uses the t test formula. The results of data analysis show that the t_count value is 33.4268, while the t_table value at the 5% significance level is 2.132. Thus, the t_count>t_table value, this shows that the role playing technique through group guidance is effective in increasing the self-esteem of class IX A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki Kupang 2023/2024 academic year. Based on the results of this research, the researcher provides suggestions to: 1) The Principal is expected to further increase collaboration with Guidance and Counseling teachers in the implementation of role playing techniques through group guidance in order to help increase students' self-esteem. 2) Guidance and Counseling Teachers are expected to continuously carry out activities applying role playing techniques through group guidance to increase students' self-esteem. 3) Students are expected to actively participate in participating in activities applying role playing techniques through group guidance to increased self-esteem.