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Classroom management is a conscious effort to organize learning process activities systematically, including the preparation of teaching materials, provision of facilities and infrastructure, organizing learning spaces and creating a conducive learning atmosphere so that learning objectives can be achieved. Classroom management efforts lead to the preparation of learning materials, learning facilities and infrastructure, learning space arrangements, controlling student behavior, and improving student achievement and grades. The implementation of classroom management will create an effective, varied, and fun learning atmosphere. The purpose of the research conducted intends to find out (1) To what extent is the implementation of classroom management. (2) Whether the learning process is effective. (3) What are the inhibiting and supporting factors in implementing classroom management. (4) And what efforts are made by teachers and schools in improving the effectiveness of classroom management. The results showed that classroom management has not been carried out optimally, the teacher's teaching method is still monotonous so that it makes students less interested in listening to the material. Then there is still a lack of student discipline. Although the implementation of classroom management is still not optimal, teachers remain enthusiastic and continue to strive to do and implement classroom management optimally, so that what is the goal of the school will be achieved properly. The efforts that teachers will make in implementing classroom management in order to increase the effectiveness of learning are by preparing administrative tasks properly, using varied learning methods and media. And teachers apply student discipline.    

Classroom management is a conscious effort to organize learning process activities systematically, including the preparation of teaching materials, provision of facilities and infrastructure, organizing learning spaces and creating a conducive learning atmosphere so that learning objectives can be achieved. Classroom management efforts lead to the preparation of learning materials, learning facilities and infrastructure, learning space arrangements, controlling student behavior, and improving student achievement and grades. The implementation of classroom management will create an effective, varied, and fun learning atmosphere. The purpose of the research conducted intends to find out (1) To what extent is the implementation of classroom management. (2) Whether the learning process is effective. (3) What are the inhibiting and supporting factors in implementing classroom management. (4) And what efforts are made by teachers and schools in improving the effectiveness of classroom management. The results showed that classroom management has not been carried out optimally, the teacher's teaching method is still monotonous so that it makes students less interested in listening to the material. Then there is still a lack of student discipline. Although the implementation of classroom management is still not optimal, teachers remain enthusiastic and continue to strive to do and implement classroom management optimally, so that what is the goal of the school will be achieved properly. The efforts that teachers will make in implementing classroom management in order to increase the effectiveness of learning are by preparing administrative tasks properly, using varied learning methods and media. And teachers apply student discipline.    

This research aims to analyze the GERLI (Literacy Movement) Program which uses the storytelling method at SDN 1 Demulih to increase students' interest in reading. This research aims to assess the effect of a fairy tale-based literacy approach on improving students' reading abilities. The approach used is a qualitative descriptive method, with data collection through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results showed that before the program was implemented, students' interest in reading was low. However, after the program was implemented, there was a significant increase in students' participation and understanding of reading material, especially in terms of listening, composing stories, and discussions. As many as 85% of students were actively involved, showing higher enthusiasm for literacy activities. This program is considered effective in improving students' literacy skills, with recommendations that literacy activities be held regularly with a variety of more interesting stories, as well as involving parents to support a good reading environment at home.

This research aims to analyze assistance in making environmentally based handicrafts as part of the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Program (P5) at SDN 3 Demulih. P5 is designed to build student characters who are creative, care about the environment, and are able to work together. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, this research evaluates the effectiveness of mentoring in increasing students' creativity and awareness of environmentally friendly lifestyles. The research results show an increase in students' ability to use recycled materials to create useful products as well as increased awareness of environmental issues. This program has also succeeded in strengthening the application of Pancasila values, especially cooperation and social responsibility. Apart from improving practical skills, this activity forms students' character who cares about the environment and is oriented towards sustainability.

One of the most important aspects of formal and informal education in educational institutions is character education. Two types of character that should be formed are discipline and responsibility. Possession of discipline and responsibility are highly valued qualities, as character plays an important role in one's daily social interactions. Helping, grouping, and socializing are all included in it. Character development throughout human life as a whole is closely linked to the process of learning and self-formation. Character development can be achieved in the context of family, school, and the environment, which includes communities and groups. The objectives of this study are to (1) describe the teacher's approach in teaching social studies class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri that instills the character values of discipline and responsibility. (2) Determine what motivates and what hinders educators to foster the character values of discipline and responsibility in their students through social studies learning in class VIII A of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. (3) To find out the results of social studies learning techniques used to build character values of discipline and responsibility in students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study. In collecting data, the methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The Miles and Huberman approach was used in the design of this research, which used descriptive analysis techniques through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation of data sources was used in assessing the validity of the data. The teachers and students of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri became the research subjects. Based on the data analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: 1) Motivation and exemplary teachers, active involvement of students in learning, self-habituation, and sanctioning violations are strategies used by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri, 2) Strong motivation, family support, school regulations, and the environment are the driving factors faced by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri in instilling the character values of discipline and responsibility to students. Meanwhile, the unsupportive atmosphere and students' lack of willingness to learn make them less effective learners are the inhibiting factors. In this case, the teacher's duties have been carried out in accordance with their responsibilities as educators, motivators, mentors, and assessors. 3) The results of the social studies teacher's strategy in the implementation of cultivating the character of discipline and responsibility for students in grade VIII through motivating activities, students become enthusiastic in discipline and responsibility for the mandate carried out, namely as students. Through exemplary, students have successfully applied and instilled forms of discipline and responsibility in terms of dress, time, and duties through their active participation in classroom learning. This is indicated by students' active participation in discussions, students' activeness in completing and collecting assignments given by the teacher, students' enthusiasm for learning that is always high, self-habituation that has been applied by social studies teachers, the ability of social studies teachers to train students to be more disciplined and responsible in terms of worship, students' habits to help others and parents, and the appearance of disciplined and responsible students, by making efforts to impose sanctions on students who commit violations so that they do not repeat them again and encourage them to be more aware of their obligations as students.

This research aims to develop Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning articles with a Tri Hita Karana orientation to increase teachers' needs for interactive teaching materials at SD Negeri 2 Batur. In the independent curriculum, science and social studies learning is combined into Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects, with the hope that teachers can fulfill learning needs. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with the research subjects consisting of science and technology teachers. The techniques used in data collection were carried out through in-depth interviews and observation. The research results show that teachers need teaching materials that are more interactive, relevant to the local context, and able to integrate Tri Hita Karana values ​​in learning. The main challenges faced are limited technological facilities and a lack of teaching materials that link science concepts to students' daily lives. Based on research results, the development of local wisdom-based teaching materials such as Tri Hita Karana has the potential to increase students' active participation and support learning that is more meaningful, effective and relevant to the cultural context and local environment.

This research aims to analyze the GERLI (Literacy Movement) Program which uses the storytelling method at SDN 1 Demulih to increase students' interest in reading. This research aims to assess the effect of a fairy tale-based literacy approach on improving students' reading abilities. The approach used is a qualitative descriptive method, with data collection through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results showed that before the program was implemented, students' interest in reading was low. However, after the program was implemented, there was a significant increase in students' participation and understanding of reading material, especially in terms of listening, composing stories, and discussions. As many as 85% of students were actively involved, showing higher enthusiasm for literacy activities. This program is considered effective in improving students' literacy skills, with recommendations that literacy activities be held regularly with a variety of more interesting stories, as well as involving parents to support a good reading environment at home.

This research aims to analyze assistance in making environmentally based handicrafts as part of the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Program (P5) at SDN 3 Demulih. P5 is designed to build student characters who are creative, care about the environment, and are able to work together. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, this research evaluates the effectiveness of mentoring in increasing students' creativity and awareness of environmentally friendly lifestyles. The research results show an increase in students' ability to use recycled materials to create useful products as well as increased awareness of environmental issues. This program has also succeeded in strengthening the application of Pancasila values, especially cooperation and social responsibility. Apart from improving practical skills, this activity forms students' character who cares about the environment and is oriented towards sustainability.

One of the most important aspects of formal and informal education in educational institutions is character education. Two types of character that should be formed are discipline and responsibility. Possession of discipline and responsibility are highly valued qualities, as character plays an important role in one's daily social interactions. Helping, grouping, and socializing are all included in it. Character development throughout human life as a whole is closely linked to the process of learning and self-formation. Character development can be achieved in the context of family, school, and the environment, which includes communities and groups. The objectives of this study are to (1) describe the teacher's approach in teaching social studies class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri that instills the character values of discipline and responsibility. (2) Determine what motivates and what hinders educators to foster the character values of discipline and responsibility in their students through social studies learning in class VIII A of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. (3) To find out the results of social studies learning techniques used to build character values of discipline and responsibility in students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study. In collecting data, the methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The Miles and Huberman approach was used in the design of this research, which used descriptive analysis techniques through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation of data sources was used in assessing the validity of the data. The teachers and students of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri became the research subjects. Based on the data analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: 1) Motivation and exemplary teachers, active involvement of students in learning, self-habituation, and sanctioning violations are strategies used by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri, 2) Strong motivation, family support, school regulations, and the environment are the driving factors faced by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri in instilling the character values of discipline and responsibility to students. Meanwhile, the unsupportive atmosphere and students' lack of willingness to learn make them less effective learners are the inhibiting factors. In this case, the teacher's duties have been carried out in accordance with their responsibilities as educators, motivators, mentors, and assessors. 3) The results of the social studies teacher's strategy in the implementation of cultivating the character of discipline and responsibility for students in grade VIII through motivating activities, students become enthusiastic in discipline and responsibility for the mandate carried out, namely as students. Through exemplary, students have successfully applied and instilled forms of discipline and responsibility in terms of dress, time, and duties through their active participation in classroom learning. This is indicated by students' active participation in discussions, students' activeness in completing and collecting assignments given by the teacher, students' enthusiasm for learning that is always high, self-habituation that has been applied by social studies teachers, the ability of social studies teachers to train students to be more disciplined and responsible in terms of worship, students' habits to help others and parents, and the appearance of disciplined and responsible students, by making efforts to impose sanctions on students who commit violations so that they do not repeat them again and encourage them to be more aware of their obligations as students.

This research aims to develop Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning articles with a Tri Hita Karana orientation to increase teachers' needs for interactive teaching materials at SD Negeri 2 Batur. In the independent curriculum, science and social studies learning is combined into Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects, with the hope that teachers can fulfill learning needs. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with the research subjects consisting of science and technology teachers. The techniques used in data collection were carried out through in-depth interviews and observation. The research results show that teachers need teaching materials that are more interactive, relevant to the local context, and able to integrate Tri Hita Karana values ​​in learning. The main challenges faced are limited technological facilities and a lack of teaching materials that link science concepts to students' daily lives. Based on research results, the development of local wisdom-based teaching materials such as Tri Hita Karana has the potential to increase students' active participation and support learning that is more meaningful, effective and relevant to the cultural context and local environment.

The Indonesian language learning module for high school X-grade students, created by Indri Anatya Permatasari, M.Pd, contains several writing errors. These errors include inconsistencies in punctuation marks, diction, conjunctions, and inappropriate meaning, which do not align with the norms of good and correct language usage. Effective sentence structure is crucial for conveying information clearly to readers. The discovery of these errors in the observation report text within the module prompted further research. The research aims to identify and address these writing errors to improve the module and enhance students' comprehension of the text. By analyzing these errors, the learning module can be tailored to better meet the needs of the students. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, with the observation report text within the Indonesian language learning module as the primary data source. The method involves thorough reading of the text, error identification, analysis, categorization, and correction. The observation report text contains facts gathered from observation activities. The research revealed four writing errors: inconsistencies in the use of punctuation marks, diction, conjunctions, and inappropriate meaning. These errors are attributed to the author's limited knowledge and skills in report writing.

The Indonesian language learning module for high school X-grade students, created by Indri Anatya Permatasari, M.Pd, contains several writing errors. These errors include inconsistencies in punctuation marks, diction, conjunctions, and inappropriate meaning, which do not align with the norms of good and correct language usage. Effective sentence structure is crucial for conveying information clearly to readers. The discovery of these errors in the observation report text within the module prompted further research. The research aims to identify and address these writing errors to improve the module and enhance students' comprehension of the text. By analyzing these errors, the learning module can be tailored to better meet the needs of the students. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, with the observation report text within the Indonesian language learning module as the primary data source. The method involves thorough reading of the text, error identification, analysis, categorization, and correction. The observation report text contains facts gathered from observation activities. The research revealed four writing errors: inconsistencies in the use of punctuation marks, diction, conjunctions, and inappropriate meaning. These errors are attributed to the author's limited knowledge and skills in report writing.

Understanding sentence function patterns plays a major role in reading a novel, especially in class XII. By studying the understanding of sentence function patterns, class XII students can understand the important role of sentence function patterns in a novel. This research aims to be an informative and interesting learning resource for class XII students to use novels as enrichment material and improve their language skills. This research considers the function patterns of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye and the feasibility of sentence readability as enrichment material for class XII students. The method used in this research is a qualitative-descriptive method. Qualitative descriptive methods do not rely on evidence-based systematic logic, numerical principles, or statistical methods. This research helps determine the function patterns of sentences through the functions, categories, and roles of sentences in the novel, as well as the data and data sources in this research in the form of collections of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. The data analysis technique used in this research uses the AGH method. The results of this research found sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. There are two S-P sentence patterns; there are three S-P-O sentence patterns; there are three S-P-Pel sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-Pel sentence patterns; there are three S-P-K sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-K sentence patterns; there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns; and there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns. Analysis of sentences based on function found the following sentence function patterns: S, P, O, and K. Analysis of sentences based on categories found in sentences is as follows: Function S is in the noun category. Function P is categorized as an adjective or verb. Function O is in the noun category. Ket functions are categorized as verbs, adjectives, and verb phrases. The analysis of sentences based on the roles found in the sentences is as follows: S's function is to act as an actor. Function P acts as a command or action. Function O acts as a sufferer. The functions of information are time, nature, and circumstances. Apart from that, the sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye are suitable as enrichment material for class not good, accuracy in finding sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in finding sentence function patterns, accuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, effectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels, and ineffectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels. The results of this research can provide knowledge and insight into an understanding of In this research, understanding sentence function patterns for class XII students is very important to ensure that the teaching materials presented can be understood and applied by the class.

Understanding sentence function patterns plays a major role in reading a novel, especially in class XII. By studying the understanding of sentence function patterns, class XII students can understand the important role of sentence function patterns in a novel. This research aims to be an informative and interesting learning resource for class XII students to use novels as enrichment material and improve their language skills. This research considers the function patterns of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye and the feasibility of sentence readability as enrichment material for class XII students. The method used in this research is a qualitative-descriptive method. Qualitative descriptive methods do not rely on evidence-based systematic logic, numerical principles, or statistical methods. This research helps determine the function patterns of sentences through the functions, categories, and roles of sentences in the novel, as well as the data and data sources in this research in the form of collections of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. The data analysis technique used in this research uses the AGH method. The results of this research found sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. There are two S-P sentence patterns; there are three S-P-O sentence patterns; there are three S-P-Pel sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-Pel sentence patterns; there are three S-P-K sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-K sentence patterns; there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns; and there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns. Analysis of sentences based on function found the following sentence function patterns: S, P, O, and K. Analysis of sentences based on categories found in sentences is as follows: Function S is in the noun category. Function P is categorized as an adjective or verb. Function O is in the noun category. Ket functions are categorized as verbs, adjectives, and verb phrases. The analysis of sentences based on the roles found in the sentences is as follows: S's function is to act as an actor. Function P acts as a command or action. Function O acts as a sufferer. The functions of information are time, nature, and circumstances. Apart from that, the sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye are suitable as enrichment material for class not good, accuracy in finding sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in finding sentence function patterns, accuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, effectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels, and ineffectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels. The results of this research can provide knowledge and insight into an understanding of In this research, understanding sentence function patterns for class XII students is very important to ensure that the teaching materials presented can be understood and applied by the class.

  This paper reviews the challenges encountered by second language learners in the  acquisition  and  utilization  of  collocations,  which  are  crucial aspects of proficient language use. Collocations refer to the habitual pairing or grouping of words  that  occur  together  frequently  in  natural  language.  The  research synthesizes findings from various studies conducted in the field, highlighting common difficulties experienced by learners across different proficiency levels and linguistic backgrounds. Key factors contributing to these challenges include differences  in  first  language  structures,  inadequate  exposure  to  authentic language use, limited awareness of collocational patterns, and difficulties in achieving  native-like  fluency.  Additionally,  pedagogical  implications  and effective  instructional  strategies  for  enhancing  collocational competence are discussed,  is to inform language instructors and curriculum developers in building more targeted and effective language learning materials and activities.This  research  is  divided  into  three  sections;  section  one  presents  the preliminaries   of   the   study.   Section   two   explains   the   meaning,   types, characteristics, and importance of the study. Section three will apply a test of collocation on the 4th stage of the college to know their weakness points in collocation. Finally, the conclusion is the research.

  This paper reviews the challenges encountered by second language learners in the  acquisition  and  utilization  of  collocations,  which  are  crucial aspects of proficient language use. Collocations refer to the habitual pairing or grouping of words  that  occur  together  frequently  in  natural  language.  The  research synthesizes findings from various studies conducted in the field, highlighting common difficulties experienced by learners across different proficiency levels and linguistic backgrounds. Key factors contributing to these challenges include differences  in  first  language  structures,  inadequate  exposure  to  authentic language use, limited awareness of collocational patterns, and difficulties in achieving  native-like  fluency.  Additionally,  pedagogical  implications  and effective  instructional  strategies  for  enhancing  collocational competence are discussed,  is to inform language instructors and curriculum developers in building more targeted and effective language learning materials and activities.This  research  is  divided  into  three  sections;  section  one  presents  the preliminaries   of   the   study.   Section   two   explains   the   meaning,   types, characteristics, and importance of the study. Section three will apply a test of collocation on the 4th stage of the college to know their weakness points in collocation. Finally, the conclusion is the research.

Racism took a different turn in the 16th century, impacting this generation's society. Through racist beliefs and thoughts, people divided society into divisions. This study was based on racism and white people's historical oppression of black people. In this study, we examined two novels that help to analyze racism in society, and the impact of these novels on culture was also addressed. The study described slavery in the 19th century and the colonial times of Nigerian tribes. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn offered an American perspective on racism vs. the African setting of Things Fall Apart. During the 19th century, Nigerian people faced colonization that impacted the culture and behaviour of indigenous people. In this study, different aspects of racism and the effects of racism on black people were examined. This study also showed that the British invasion forced marginalization in every element of Igbo society, ranging from traditional values to religious and gender roles; this study aims to discuss the differences in the perspective of racism by analyzing Things Fall Apart and The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. These two pieces of literature helped to develop better concepts and aspects of racism in the social setting and highlighted the racism between white and black people.

Racism took a different turn in the 16th century, impacting this generation's society. Through racist beliefs and thoughts, people divided society into divisions. This study was based on racism and white people's historical oppression of black people. In this study, we examined two novels that help to analyze racism in society, and the impact of these novels on culture was also addressed. The study described slavery in the 19th century and the colonial times of Nigerian tribes. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn offered an American perspective on racism vs. the African setting of Things Fall Apart. During the 19th century, Nigerian people faced colonization that impacted the culture and behaviour of indigenous people. In this study, different aspects of racism and the effects of racism on black people were examined. This study also showed that the British invasion forced marginalization in every element of Igbo society, ranging from traditional values to religious and gender roles; this study aims to discuss the differences in the perspective of racism by analyzing Things Fall Apart and The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. These two pieces of literature helped to develop better concepts and aspects of racism in the social setting and highlighted the racism between white and black people.

The poetic question is a subject that is expanding in critical studies to the extent, which is formed a private critical space. The poetic question was able to excrete during the reading a remarkable aesthetic and rhetorical aesthetic. It doubled the interest of critics and creators together and created dialogues between text and its recipients. Here in this research, the Dialogic means is not in the concept of the Bakhtni that depends on the intersexuality, but in its communicative concept for searching to the effectiveness of the poet in creating interactive dialogue between him and the implicit reader within the text and his default reader out of the text. This question dialogic creates a poetics distinctive and takes the technical reasons for dialogue from the technical side and even qualitative, and the question with elegance’s poetic. With this vision’s reading we have tried to analyze two patterns from poems of poet Amal AL-Qasim called (Cuffed eloquence) and (Sura water) which are standing on the poetic question to search inside both of the patterns on Aesthetic toward poetic and his ability to deepen the significance of the text and find out the poetic’s idealism and poetics.

Educating the nation's life is one of the goals of the Indonesian state which is included in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in the fourth paragraph. Through education, everyone can learn to develop their potential to realize their happiness and perfection in life to become more qualified. Learning Indonesian has an important role in the process of teaching students about good and correct Indonesian language skills according to their goals and functions. The use of the TikTok application is one way to integrate technology in learning in class X SMA Negeri 11 Semarang negotiation text material. This study aims to find out whether the TikTok application can be used as an alternative learning medium that is effective in improving language skills and increasing students' interest in learning. This research also aims to motivate educators to create interesting learning media. This research uses qualitative descriptive method. Its data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the use of the TikTok application in learning negotiation texts with the research objects of class X students of SMA Negeri 11 Semarang can be well received. Monotonous and boring learning can be resolved using TikTok media