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The development of technology in the era of globalization has brought significant changes in society, particularly through the emergence of the internet and social media such as WhatsApp, X (Twitter), Facebook, Instagram, Telegram, and TikTok, which facilitate rapid information dissemination. This development has also given rise to a new profession, namely content creators, who produce and share content in the form of images, videos, or text for branding, professional purposes, or self-expression, often resorting to sensationalism to attract audience attention. On the other hand, the ease of access to social media has also triggered the spread of negative content, including pornography, as evidenced by Komdigi/Kominfo data showing millions of blocked negative content, with X being one of the dominant platforms. In Islamic perspective, anything that leads to adultery is prohibited as stated in QS. Al-Isra verse 32. A prominent case is Dea OnlyFans (Gusti Ayu Dewanti) who was arrested for distributing pornographic content through OnlyFans and Google Drive, charged under the Pornography Law and ITE Law, and found guilty in the Supreme Court Decision Number 2086 K/Pid.Sus/2023. This study discusses 1) How are the differences in judges' considerations at the District Court, High Court, and Cassation? 2) Can the Supreme Court judges' considerations provide a deterrent effect? This research uses a descriptive method with normative legal research based on literature study, using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials.

This study aims to identify and analyze customary and criminal sanctions imposed on individuals who violate Hinting Pali during the Tiwah ceremony, as well as the legal and customary consequences for those engaged in gambling within the ritual process. The research employs an empirical approach with a qualitative descriptive method through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The focus of this study is the implementation of Dayak Ngaju customary law in addressing violations that occur during the Tiwah ceremony. The findings reveal that Dayak Ngaju customary law plays a crucial role in maintaining social and spiritual harmony by enforcing moral, social, and symbolic sanctions. Furthermore, there is a point of convergence between customary law and national criminal law in promoting justice and social order. This study is expected to contribute academically to the development of customary law in Indonesia and serve as a valuable reference for communities, scholars, and policymakers in preserving cultural values and ensuring fair law enforcement within the framework of local wisdom.

This study examines the effectiveness of the SIPELANDUKILAT program (Population Administration Service System for Border and Remote Areas) in improving population administration services in rural and remote areas of Tanjung Palas Timur District, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province. Using qualitative descriptive methods with an inductive approach, data were collected through interviews with 10 informants, direct observation, and documentation. The theoretical framework employs Siagian's (2011) effectiveness theory, assessed through four dimensions: human resources, funds, facilities and infrastructure; quantity and quality of services; time; and procedures. Findings indicate that the program has not yet reached full effectiveness, particularly due to the absence of specialized training for operators, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and the transition from the distributed SIAK system to a centralized SIAK system that rendered offline recording equipment unusable. Supporting factors include qualified human resources, assistance from the Provincial Civil Registry Office, and high community participation. The study recommends that Bulungan Regency accelerate adaptation to the centralized SIAK system, improve facilities and infrastructure, and strengthen inter-agency cooperation to optimize population administration services in remote areas.

Flood disasters are recurring hydrometeorological hazards that significantly impact social, economic, and environmental conditions in Tulungagung Regency. This study aims to analyze the flood disaster mitigation communication strategies implemented by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Tulungagung Regency and to identify the roles, challenges, and implications of both internal and external communication in flood disaster management. The research employed a qualitative approach using a descriptive method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the Secretary of BPBD Tulungagung Regency, the Head of the Emergency and Logistics Division, the Head of the Prevention and Preparedness Division, and members of flood-affected communities. The findings reveal that BPBD Tulungagung Regency has attempted to optimize disaster communication during the pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster phases. The effectiveness of these communication efforts remains limited due to several challenges, including inadequate communication infrastructure, varying levels of disaster literacy among community members, diverse geographical conditions, and insufficient coordination in internal and external communication. Pre-disaster communication plays an essential role in improving community preparedness, communication during emergency response supports timely and accurate decision-making, and post-disaster communication contributes to recovery processes and the strengthening of community resilience. This study concludes that optimizing disaster communication requires integrated information systems, improved human resource capacity within BPBD, and active community participation through community-based communication approaches to sustainably enhance resilience to flood risks.

This study aims to analyze the role and optimization strategies of Pecalang Segara in monitoring fishing activities that contribute to coral reef ecosystem degradation in the Traditional Village of Pemuteran, North Bali. Pecalang Segara is a customary security institution that holds social legitimacy and customary authority in maintaining order within coastal areas. This research applies an empirical legal approach using a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through field observations, interviews with customary leaders and coastal communities, and a literature review of environmental laws and related regulations. The findings indicate that Pecalang Segara plays a strategic role in supervising fishing activities based on local wisdom, particularly in preventing destructive fishing practices that damage coral reefs. However, the effectiveness of this role remains limited due to insufficient technical capacity, low environmental legal awareness, and weak integration between customary law and formal legal systems. The study highlights the importance of strengthening Pecalang Segara through environmental education, regulatory-based monitoring training, and institutional coordination with local government authorities. The integration of customary law and national environmental law is expected to establish a sustainable community-based marine monitoring model capable of effectively protecting coral reef ecosystems and supporting environmental governance in coastal areas.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed the economic landscape, particularly in payment systems that are shifting from conventional cash transactions to the use of Electronic Money (E-Money). E-Money has become increasingly popular due to the convenience it offers, allowing users to conduct transactions anytime and anywhere without the need to carry physical cash. As this payment innovation continues to expand, it is essential to examine whether its mechanisms comply with Islamic principles, given that the use of E-Money is closely related to the values of muamalah in Islam. This study aims to identify the underlying contractual structure (akad) governing Mandiri E-Money transactions and to assess its conformity with sharia principles. It further analyzes the potential presence of gharar, riba, or maisir within the top-up and transaction processes, as well as the sharia mitigation mechanisms that may be applied. The research employs a normative approach based on classical and contemporary Islamic legal theory, supported by observational analysis of Mandiri E-Money practices. Data were analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive method and maqashid al-shariah reasoning. The findings indicate that the use of Mandiri E-Money does not involve elements of riba, gharar, or maisir, and therefore does not deviate from sharia principles. These potential risks were examined through fiqh legal maxims and DSN-MUI fatwas to ensure comprehensive sharia compliance.

The purpose of this study is to determine how the social behavior of the Margoagung Village Community, especially Ngino Hamlet, in preserving local wisdom inherited from the ancestors of Mbah Bregas, especially in building community harmony. This field research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. This research was conducted by taking a case study in Ngino Hamlet, Margoagung Village, Seyegan Sub-district, Sleman Regency from June to July 2025. The informants of this study were the leaders, committees, traditional figures and all parties involved and witnessed directly the Merti activities of Margoagung Village. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through four stages, namely: data documentation, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The study findings show that the entire series of Merti activities of Mbah Bregas Village, Margoagung Village build community harmony through participation, cooperation and mutual cooperation without distinguishing religion, ethnicity, race, social strata and profession.

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Smart Society 5.0-based digital literacy program in Ciamis Regency, implemented by the Communication and Informatics Office (Diskominfo). This program is part of the local government's digital transformation to create a smart, inclusive, and adaptive society to the development of information technology. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, and data is obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. The analysis is conducted using Charles O. Jones's theory of public policy implementation, which includes three main components: organization, interpretation, and implementation. The results show that organizationally, Diskominfo has a supportive structure and relatively competent human resources, although there are still limitations in the mastery of digital technology among employees. From an interpretation perspective, the digital literacy strategy is implemented through public education, hoax prevention, digital content provision, and social media utilization. Meanwhile, in terms of implementation, supervision is carried out through monitoring, regular reporting, the use of digital applications, and evaluation forums. Some obstacles faced include budget limitations, the digital divide between regions, uneven technological infrastructure, and the lack of specific evaluation indicators. Nevertheless, improvement efforts continue through human resource training, optimization of digital facilities and infrastructure, and cross-sector synergy. This study concludes that the implementation of the Smart Society 5.0-based digital literacy program in Ciamis Regency has been quite successful, but still requires strengthening human resources, evaluation policies, and equitable digital access in rural areas.

This research is motivated by the suboptimal role of the Village Government in preserving culture in Bagolo Village, Kalipucang District, Pangandaran Regency. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative research approach. The data sources of this research are primary and secondary data. The primary data of this research is the result of interviews with 7 informants. The secondary data of this research are important documents relevant to the research. The data collection techniques of this research consist of observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis of this research is data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the role of the Bagolo Village Government in preserving culture has not been optimal, as seen from five dimensions. 1). In the stabilizer dimension, cultural preservation planning is not optimal and there is minimal community involvement in the planning process. 2). In the innovator dimension, there is low technology-based innovation and limited resources to develop creative preservation methods. 3). In the modernizer dimension, there is a lack of use of modern technology for cultural promotion and documentation in order to attract the interest of the younger generation. 4). In the pioneer dimension, there is a lack of consistent community mobilization programs and arts groups to preserve culture. 5). In the implementation dimension, there are budget limitations, facilities and infrastructure, and lack of access to capital for artists. The results of this study indicate that efforts to preserve culture in Bagolo Village require strengthening collaboration between the village government and the community, optimizing the use of technology, adequate funding support, and planned and sustainable preservation strategies so that local culture remains sustainable amidst the flow of modernization.

This study aims to uncover, analyze, and document the cultural values embodied in the paca or belis tradition in Manggarai community weddings in Golo Wangkung Village, Congkar District, East Manggarai Regency. The belis tradition is understood as an important element in wedding customs that symbolizes the groom's family's respect for the bride's family for their services in raising and educating their daughter until she is ready to start a household. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, utilizing data collection techniques through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, the bridal couple, and local residents, as well as documentation of the traditional procession. The results show that belis not only contains economic value through the provision of material or livestock, but is also full of social, cultural, and spiritual meaning. The main values identified include respect for parents and ancestors, the responsibility of the groom's family for the continuity of family relationships, strengthening social ties between two extended families, and a symbol of the legitimacy of marriage according to Manggarai customs. The belis tradition also functions as a mechanism to maintain harmonious relationships between families and strengthen social networks within the community. Furthermore, this tradition plays a strategic role in maintaining local cultural identity amidst modernization and changing social values. However, challenges arise when the economic value of belis experiences inflation or a shift in meaning, potentially triggering financial burdens and conflict. Therefore, preserving the belis tradition requires adjustments to its values and implementation mechanisms to maintain its relevance, without losing the essence of respect and togetherness that are at the heart of Manggarai culture. This research makes an important contribution to the documentation and preservation of cultural heritage, and serves as a reference for local governments, traditional leaders, and the community in maintaining the sustainability of the paca or belis tradition.

This study analyzes how actors and structures play roles in addressing environmental issues caused by waste transportation truck activities in Dukuh Promasan, Salatiga. The findings reveal that the local community is actively involved in collective efforts, such as cleaning the roads and reporting issues related to waste management. Although the community generally tends to be passive towards government policies, this research found that residents of Dukuh Promasan actively participate in mitigating the negative impacts of waste transportation, including problems related to noise, odor, scattered waste, and leachate. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method to examine the interactions among various actors, such as the Environmental Agency (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup), the Ngronggo landfill management, truck drivers, and the Dukuh Promasan community. It explores the social dynamics resulting from these interactions, particularly how community initiatives can influence waste management policies and practices. Moreover, the study identifies the challenges faced by the Environmental Agency in managing waste, such as limited funding and facilities, which negatively affect the efficiency of waste collection and processing. These findings highlight the necessity of policies that promote active community participation in waste management. This research is expected to provide insights into the relationship between community behavior and the waste management system, and to recommend a collaborative approach to enhance environmental sustainability in Dukuh Promasan.

Sex reassignment of transsexual individuals is something that is quite viewed by many people, regarding the legal status of a person who undergoes sex reassignment surgery, especially with marriage in Indonesia, and the District Court Decree (PN) provides guidance and explanation regarding this matter. The nature of God Almighty creates two sexes between male and female, along with the development of science and technology, especially in the field of medicine for those who experience conditions can also be called Sex Reassignment Surgey as a form of treatment in order to match their soul. Therefore, the researcher analyzes how Islamic law and national law regulate the legal status of transsexuals after sex reassignment and its implications for their rights and analyzes the procedure for sex reassignment and its impact. The stages of analysis use the descriptive method and deductive mindset. The results of this study conclude about the replacement of transsexual genitals in the consideration of the judge and granting the application in accordance with Islamic law and national law based on Law number 4 of 2004 written in article 28 paragraph 1.

This research compares the institutional frameworks of Indonesia’s National Narcotics Agency (BNN) and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) through the lens of regulatory and normative pillars from W. Richard Scott’s institutional theory. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review approach, this study finds that both agencies are structurally under presidential authority but exhibit differing operational styles. BNN emphasizes preventive and rehabilitative strategies rooted in human rights values, while PDEA is characterized by a more repressive approach shaped by national security paradigms. The findings suggest that while both institutions have formal legitimacy and enforcement mechanisms, their normative orientations differ significantly, influencing public perception, legitimacy, and policy outcomes. This comparative study highlights the importance of aligning regulatory frameworks with ethical governance standards to ensure effective and humane narcotics control policies.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of village fund expenditure in Kedamean Village, Kedamean District, Gresik Regency in 2025. The approach used is qualitative with descriptive methods, through in-depth interviews with the Village Head, Treasurer, and Village Consultative Body, as well as analysis of official documents such as budget realization reports and Village Budget Work Plans. The results of the study indicate that village fund expenditure in Kedamean Village is classified as very effective which has followed the principles of transparency and accountability according to regulations, but several obstacles are still found such as inconsistencies between planning and implementation, limited capacity of village officials, and less than optimal realization of development programs and community empowerment. This study recommends strengthening the capacity of village officials, increasing community participation, and optimizing internal and external supervision to increase the effectiveness of village fund expenditure in order to achieve sustainable village development and improve community welfare.

The research aims to find out the role of Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) teachers in increasing student awareness of the impact of bullying behavior at SMA Negeri 1 Pebayuran, Bekasi Regency, West Java. The research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation and in-depth interviews. The informants in this study consisted of six people, namely the deputy principal for curriculum, two PPKn teachers, and three students (one male and two female). The interviews were conducted directly to obtain in-depth information about the role of PPKn teachers in educating and forming students' awareness of the negative impact of bullying. The results of the study show that PPKn teachers have an important role in improving students' understanding of human values, tolerance, and justice. These values are the basis for responding to and preventing bullying behavior in the school environment. PPKn teachers not only convey material theoretically but also instill moral values in students' daily lives.

Online gambling is a form of cybercrime that utilizes information and communication technology, especially the internet, as a medium to commit gambling crimes. Online gambling as a form of cybercrime has become an increasingly widespread phenomenon in line with the rapid development of information and communication technology. Gambling that was previously only known conventionally is now transforming into the digital realm by utilizing the internet as the main media. This research uses a theoretical study of online gambling as cybercrime. This research uses a qualitative approach with an analytical descriptive method. The types of data used are primary data in the form of laws and regulations (ITE Law, Criminal Code), online gambling case documents, official police reports, as well as academic literature and scientific articles related to cybercrime and online gambling. Meanwhile, secondary data is obtained from observation of the investigation process and law enforcement carried out by the cybercrime unit in the police. The data collection technique uses Library Research to collect secondary data relevant to cybercrime legal regulations and theories. The data analysis technique uses qualitative analysis techniques with a descriptive approach. Online gambling is expressly prohibited by Indonesian laws and regulations, especially through Law No. 11/2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law) and its amendments, such as Law No. 19/2016 and Law No. 1/2024. Article 27 paragraph (2) of the ITE Law prohibits any person from distributing, transmitting, or making accessible electronic information containing online gambling content, with imprisonment of up to 10 years and a maximum fine of IDR 10 billion in the latest amendment. In addition, the Criminal Code (KUHP) regulates gambling in general in Articles 303 and 303 bis, with criminal penalties that are also quite severe, although they do not specifically regulate online gambling. Law enforcement against online gambling faces various complex challenges. The existing regulations are still partial and not fully able to accommodate the cross-border and dynamic characteristics of cybercrime.Proof of online gambling cases relies heavily on electronic evidence that requires digital forensic expertise,such as imaging the perpetrator's device and server,as well as analyzing activity logs and electronic transactions

This study aims to explore in depth the impact of population density on the quality of life of residents in densely populated areas of Serang City, Banten Province. The background of this research is based on the phenomenon of increasing population numbers due to ongoing urbanization and migration, which directly affects the social, economic, and environmental pressures in urban areas. This research employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with residents, community leaders, and local government officials, as well as field observations in areas with high population density. Secondary data were obtained from official documents such as reports from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and regional development planning documents. The results reveal that population density negatively affects access to basic services such as clean water, sanitation, education, and healthcare. Furthermore, it creates pressure on the living environment and reduces the comfort of residential spaces. Communities in high-density areas tend to face challenges in fulfilling basic needs adequately, which in turn impacts their overall well-being. This study highlights the importance of participatory and data-based urban planning, along with strong cross-sectoral coordination in providing social and environmental infrastructure. It is recommended that local governments develop adaptive policies in response to demographic dynamics to create livable, inclusive, and sustainable urban spaces. The findings of this research are expected to serve as a reference for future policy-making regarding the development of densely populated areas.

This study examines the effectiveness of the SP4N LAPOR application in managing public service complaints by the Communication and Information Agency of Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, this study evaluates the effectiveness of the application through three main dimensions: achievement of objectives, integration, and adaptation. The study results indicate that the implementation of SP4N LAPOR has not been optimal due to several obstacles, particularly the lack of coordination and communication between relevant agencies. The study also identified various factors hindering the application's effectiveness, such as slow response times to public complaints and insufficient awareness about the application's use. Despite these challenges, the local government continues to improve the system, including establishing communication channels through WhatsApp groups between agencies and providing various platforms for submitting complaints. This research contributes to understanding how digital complaint management systems can be implemented more effectively in the local government context.

This study aims to measure the effectiveness of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in improving the welfare of poor households in Bekasi Regency. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study focuses on an in-depth understanding of the perceptions and experiences of program beneficiaries. Data was collected through both closed and open-ended questionnaires distributed to 60 respondents, consisting of 50 Beneficiary Families (KPM) and 10 social facilitators. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative descriptive methods for the closed questionnaires, and thematic analysis for the open-ended responses and document study. The results show that more than 75% of respondents felt a positive impact in the field of education, while 72% regularly accessed health services such as Posyandu. Economically, 68% of respondents stated that the PKH assistance helped meet their basic needs, although it was not sufficient for long-term needs. Regarding implementation, 80% of respondents expressed satisfaction with the social facilitation provided, although administrative procedures and limited access in remote areas remain challenges. The conclusion of this study indicates that PKH has a significant social impact on poor households. However, the program’s effectiveness still needs improvement through streamlined administrative processes, adjustment of the aid amount, and greater attention to hard-to-reach areas so that the program’s benefits can be felt more evenly and sustainably.

This study examines the performance of the Banjarbaru City Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM) in the recruitment of Government Employees with Work Agreements (PPPK). Using a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, this study evaluates performance based on five indicators: productivity, service quality, responsiveness, responsibility, and accountability. The results show that although BKPSDM has implemented a merit-based recruitment system through Computer Assisted Test (CAT), several challenges are still faced, such as technical constraints in the online system, limited formation quotas, and applicants' lack of understanding of administrative requirements. The research also identified supporting factors such as the regulatory framework, technology implementation, and the active role of BKPSDM in providing clear information to applicants. Recommendations include strengthening technological infrastructure, expanding socialization, optimizing complaint mechanisms, and proposing additional formation quotas to match regional needs.