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The development of the digital economy has driven increased customer interaction through online chat services, making customer satisfaction a key factor in business success. Response speed and chat service quality are two important aspects in shaping the customer experience, but previous research has tended to examine them separately. This study aims to analyze the influence of online chat services and response speed on customer satisfaction partially and simultaneously. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review of 12 scientific articles from 2020–2025 obtained from academic databases such as Google Scholar and SINTA. The analysis technique used is descriptive-critical through the identification, comparison, and synthesis of previous research findings. The results show that online chat services have a positive effect on customer satisfaction, primarily through interaction quality such as information accuracy, ease of use, and problem-solving ability. Response speed has also proven to be an important determinant, where a fast response significantly increases customer satisfaction. However, speed without quality has the potential to decrease satisfaction. The discussion shows that the two variables have a complementary and inseparable relationship. Online chat services function as a medium for interaction, while response speed is a quality attribute that determines the effectiveness of the service. Therefore, the integration of both in one model is the main contribution of this research in filling the literature gap, especially in the context of e-commerce in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the effect of product quality and service quality on consumer purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously, at Chickenday Restaurant Trenggalek. The method used is a quantitative approach with data processing in numerical form to objectively test the relationship between variables. The research was conducted at Chickenday Restaurant, located on Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 20 Trenggalek. The research population consists of all consumers during the period of May–June 2025, the exact number of which is unknown. The sampling technique utilized probability sampling with a simple random sampling method, resulting in 96 respondents based on the Lemeshow formula. The data include primary data through questionnaires and observations, as well as secondary data from various sources. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression, t-test, and F-test. The results indicate that product quality and service quality have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously, with service quality being the more dominant variable.

Human Resource Management (HRM) plays a crucial role in ensuring that a company is able to grow, compete, and sustain its operations in an increasingly dynamic business environment. Effective HRM practices help organizations optimize employee performance, improve productivity, and maintain workforce stability. One of the key aspects of HRM that significantly influences employee performance is workload and job satisfaction. An imbalance in workload or low levels of job satisfaction may lead to decreased motivation, stress, and reduced work performance. This research aims to explore and evaluate the levels of workload and job satisfaction among employees at PT Indomarco Tangerang 1. Understanding these factors is essential to identify potential problems that may affect employee performance and organizational effectiveness. The study employs a quantitative research approach, which involves collecting numerical data that can be statistically analyzed to provide objective and measurable results. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires distributed to employees. A total of 30 employees from various divisions at PT Indomarco Tangerang 1 participated in this study. Statistical analysis was used to assess the relationship between workload and job satisfaction, as well as their overall condition within the company. The findings of this research are expected to provide useful insights for management in developing appropriate strategies to manage workload effectively and enhance job satisfaction. Ultimately, improving these aspects is expected to contribute to higher employee performance and support the long-term success of the company.

Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon in organizations and educational institutions, and if not managed properly can have a negative impact on performance, effectiveness, and interpersonal relationships. However, conflict also has the potential to be a catalyst for improvement if managed appropriately. Therefore, it is important to systematically examine the stages of conflict, their impacts, and relevant management strategies. This study aims to answer the following questions: (1) How are the stages of conflict identified in various organizational and educational contexts? (2) What are the impacts of conflict on organizations? and (3) What management strategies are most effectively implemented? The method used was a literature review by searching articles through national and international databases using the keywords stages of conflict, conflict management, and education. Of the 73 initial articles, 18 primary articles were selected for thematic analysis. The analysis revealed three main findings: (1) conflict generally develops through stages of latency, escalation, and overt manifestation; (2) conflict negatively impacts performance if left unchecked, but can be constructive if managed; and (3) effective conflict management strategies are contextual, combining structural, interpersonal, and cultural-religious value approaches. In conclusion, this literature highlights the need for adaptive conflict management to maintain organizational stability. Further research is suggested to explore integrative models of conflict management based on local values and educational practices.

This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture, work environment, and workplace boredom on employee performance through Cyberloafing behavior among employees at PT Geo Dipa Energi (Persero). The research employed a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach, enabling systematic collection of numerical data to identify relationships among variables. The sample consisted of 339 employees selected purposively to reflect diverse perceptions regarding organizational culture, working conditions, and levels of boredom. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), which allows testing both direct and indirect effects among variables. The results indicate that organizational culture, work environment, and workplace boredom significantly affect employee performance, both directly and through Cyberloafing behavior. Cyberloafing was found to mediate the relationship between organizational culture, work environment, and employee boredom with performance, thereby either strengthening or weakening the influence of these variables on work outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of managing an organizational culture that promotes productivity, improving a conducive work environment, and reducing employee boredom levels. Additionally, controlling Cyberloafing behavior is crucial for optimizing employee performance. The study provides practical implications for the management of PT Geo Dipa Energi (Persero) in designing effective policies and programs to enhance work efficiency and employee satisfaction.

This study aims to determine the influence of Brand Image, Price, and Service Quality on Consumer Purchase Decisions at Vins Aesthetic Clinic Blitar. This research adopts a quantitative approach, focusing on the statistical analysis of the relationship between variables. The data were obtained from primary sources through the distribution of structured questionnaires to respondents. The population in this study consisted of all consumers of Vins Aesthetic Clinic Blitar. A sample of 100 respondents was selected using a saturated sampling technique, where the entire population is used as the sample due to the accessible number of consumers during the research period. Several analytical methods were applied, including validity and reliability tests to ensure the quality and consistency of the research instruments. Classical assumption tests were also conducted to confirm the appropriateness of the regression model. The study used multiple linear regression analysis to examine the effect of the independent variables — Brand Image, Price, and Service Quality — on the dependent variable, namely Consumer Purchase Decisions. The results of the partial (t-test) analysis showed that each variable — Brand Image, Price, and Service Quality — has a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions. Furthermore, the results of the simultaneous (F-test) analysis indicate that all three variables together significantly affect Consumer Purchase Decisions at Vins Aesthetic Clinic Blitar.

This study investigates the impact of taste and service quality on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction serving as a mediating variable, at Dapoer MbokSum Kediri. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were obtained through the distribution of structured questionnaires to customers, while secondary data were collected via interviews with the business owner and direct field observations to gain a deeper understanding of operational practices. A total of 120 respondents were selected through accidental sampling, ensuring that participants met specific criteria relevant to the study objectives. The data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.0, incorporating validity and reliability testing to ensure the robustness of the measurement instruments, as well as hypothesis testing to evaluate the relationships between variables. The results of the analysis indicate that both taste and service quality exert significant and positive influences on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, service quality demonstrates a significant and direct positive effect on customer loyalty. In contrast, taste does not show a direct influence on loyalty, suggesting that its effect on loyalty is more indirect and mediated by satisfaction Additionally, the mediation analysis confirms that customer satisfaction plays a critical role in linking both taste and service quality to customer loyalty. This implies that while customers may appreciate the taste of food, it is their overall satisfaction—encompassing both taste and service experiences—that ultimately drives loyalty. The study highlights the importance for culinary businesses, particularly in the competitive food service industry, to focus not only on product quality but also on delivering excellent service to enhance satisfaction and foster long-term customer relationships. The findings provide practical insights for Dapoer MbokSum Kediri and similar establishments to strategically prioritize service quality improvements alongside maintaining food taste to maximize customer retention and loyalty.

This study aims to examine the influence of compensation and work discipline on employee performance at Cahaya Nikmah Bakery located in Samarinda City. More specifically, this study analyzes three main things: first, the influence of compensation on employee performance; second, the influence of work discipline on employee performance; and third, the simultaneous influence of compensation and work discipline on employee performance. This study was conducted on 40 permanent employees who work at Cahaya Nikmah Bakery as research subjects. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The collected data were then analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques to determine the relationship and influence between the variables studied. The results of the data analysis show that the calculated F value of 35.898 is greater than the F table of 2.87 at a significance level of 5%. In addition, the significance value of 0.000 is below the critical limit of 0.05. This indicates that there is a simultaneous significant influence between compensation and work discipline on employee performance at Cahaya Nikmah Bakery. In other words, the combination of the two independent variables has a real contribution in influencing the level of employee performance. In addition to the simultaneous effect, the partial test results also show that each variable, namely compensation and work discipline, has a significant influence on individual employee performance. This is evidenced by the significance value for both variables, which is 0.000, which is also less than 0.05. The conclusion of this study shows that adequate compensation and the implementation of good work discipline can significantly improve employee performance. Therefore, company management is advised to continue developing a fair compensation system and strengthening a culture of work discipline to support overall company productivity and efficiency.

Entrepreneurial management is a process that involves the ability of individuals to create, manage, and develop businesses effectively in order to survive and compete in the midst of dynamic market changes. In this context, interest, creativity, and connections are important factors that can drive the success of a business, especially in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector. This study aims to analyze the influence of interest (X1), creativity (X2), and connection (X3) on business success (Y) in food MSME actors in Sumberejo Village. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The main instrument used in data collection is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. The number of respondents in this study was 77 people, who were selected using purposive sampling techniques based on certain criteria such as the length of business and the type of food products produced. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression with the help of statistical software. The results of the study show that the variables of interest, creativity, and connection simultaneously or partially have a positive and significant effect on the success of MSME businesses. Thus, MSME actors who have a high interest in entrepreneurship, are able to create product innovations, and have a wide network of relationships, tend to have a greater chance of achieving business success. This research suggests the need for entrepreneurship training that not only focuses on the technical aspects of production, but also the development of soft skills and social networks. Thus, the empowerment of MSMEs in rural areas will be more optimal and sustainable. These findings are expected to be a reference for village governments, training institutions, and other related parties in formulating strategies to strengthen MSMEs in rural areas.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Product Quality, Price, Sales Promotion, and Advertising on consumer purchasing decisions on the Bukalapak online store platform. This study used a quantitative approach with descriptive methods, aiming to illustrate the relationships between variables based on empirical data. Primary data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 120 respondents who were active Bukalapak users in the West Medan District. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS software to determine the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable. The analysis results indicate that, partially, the variables Product Quality, Sales Promotion, and Advertising have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. This means that the higher the product quality, the more effective the promotion, and the more attractive the advertisement, the greater the likelihood of consumers making a purchase. Conversely, the variable Price showed a negative and significant influence, indicating that inappropriate pricing can reduce purchase intention. Simultaneously, all four variables have a significant influence on purchasing decisions. The Adjusted R Square value of 70.4% indicates that this research model is able to explain 70.4% of the variation in purchasing decisions, while the dependent variable is influenced by factors outside the model. This study recommends that Bukalapak continue to improve product quality, develop competitive pricing strategies, strengthen promotions, and create creative advertising. Further research is recommended to consider additional variables such as product reviews, brand image, and service quality to enrich the analysis.

This study aims to analyze the influence of capital structure, company size, and liquidity on the financial performance of manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. The food and beverage industry is one of the sectors that has a significant contribution to national economic growth, so understanding the factors that affect its financial performance is crucial. The method used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis techniques to test the relationships between variables. The data used comes from the annual financial statements of companies that are included in the sub-sector for the past five years. The results of the study show that partially, the capital structure has a significant influence on the company's financial performance, which is shown by a calculated t-value of 6.414 and a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05). These findings indicate that the more optimal the capital structure managed by the company, the better its financial performance. On the other hand, company size and liquidity do not show a significant influence on financial performance. The company size has a t-value of -1.493 with a significance of 0.140 (> 0.05), while liquidity has a t-value of 0.765 with a significance of 0.447 (> 0.05). However, simultaneously, these three independent variables together have a significant effect on financial performance, as shown by a calculated F-value of 19,527 and a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05). The results of this study provide important implications for company management to pay more attention to the management of capital structure, as it is the dominant factor in influencing financial performance. Optimizing capital structure can be used as a strategy to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of the company in the midst of the dynamics of the food and beverage industry.

PT Unilever Indonesia’s strategic application is examined through the Balanced Scorecard framework, focusing on four key perspectives: financial, customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth. The analysis reveals that while the company demonstrates strong financial performance, such as high ROI and ROE, challenges like declining annual profits and increasing liabilities signal the need for improved cost management and risk mitigation. Unilever's strategy emphasizes innovation and customer relationships, leveraging Total Quality Management (TQM) and continuous product enhancements. However, internal issues such as employee work culture, inadequate facilities, and employee satisfaction remain significant obstacles to organizational performance. The findings suggest a need for stronger employee engagement and workplace improvements, alongside enhanced financial sustainability strategies. Future research could explore how external factors, such as shifting market trends and government regulations, influence Unilever’s strategic decisions and overall success.

This study aims to determine the effect of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-control on employee performance at the Lubuklinggau City Transportation Agency, and to test the role of self-esteem as a moderating variable. The problem of this study is based on the phenomenon of decreasing employee performance productivity caused by the inability of employees to complete tasks independently, lack of motivation, and suboptimal teamwork. This study uses a quantitative method with an associative design. The sample in this study were 56 State Civil Apparatus (ASN) employees who were selected purposively. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using regression analysis with the help of statistical software. The results of the study showed that self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-control had a significant effect on employee performance. In addition, self-esteem was proven to be able to moderate the relationship between self-efficacy and self-control on employee performance. These findings indicate that internal psychological factors play a very important role in supporting optimal employee performance in government organizations

The distribution of sugarcane from farmers to sugar mills in Indonesia continues to face various challenges, particularly in terms of logistical efficiency and farmers’ dependency on intermediaries. This study aims to analyze the role of intermediaries in determining the efficiency of sugarcane distribution, using a case study in Kedungmakam Village, Tuban Regency. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed, enabling an in-depth understanding of distribution practices directly in the field. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with farmers, intermediaries, and retail traders, as well as supporting documentation. The results indicate that intermediaries play a crucial role in providing production capital, scheduling harvests, and managing transportation of sugarcane to the mills. However, their dominance, in the absence of formal contracts, creates relationship imbalances and weakens the bargaining position of farmers. Furthermore, geographical barriers, limited access to market information, and the lack of independent distribution infrastructure exacerbate inefficiencies and reduce fairness in the existing distribution system. Therefore, strengthening farmer institutions, improving contract transparency, and enhancing access to logistics and information are recommended as long-term solutions.

This study aims to examine the influence of price and store atmosphere on repurchase decisions, with customer satisfaction as a moderating variable among Beocca Coffee consumers in Malang Regency. A quantitative explanatory approach was employed, involving 130 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via an online questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that price, store atmosphere, and customer satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on repurchase decisions. However, customer satisfaction was not proven to moderate the relationship between price and repurchase decisions, nor between store atmosphere and repurchase decisions. These findings indicate that price and store atmosphere influence repurchase decisions directly, regardless of customer satisfaction levels. The practical implication is that coffee shop managers should focus on offering competitive prices and creating a pleasant store atmosphere. Although customer satisfaction does not act as a moderator, it remains a crucial direct factor affecting loyalty. Future studies are encouraged to expand the research scope geographically and include additional variables such as customer loyalty, perceived quality, or digital marketing strategies to deepen the understanding of repurchase behavior in the local coffee shop industry.

This study aims to analyze the influence of working capital management, leverage, and institutional ownership on the profitability of consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period, while also examining company size as a moderating variable. The consumer goods sector, which has a large market potential in Indonesia, makes it essential to understand how these financial aspects affect company performance. Working capital management plays a crucial role in maintaining liquidity and operational efficiency, leverage determines the extent to which companies rely on debt financing, and institutional ownership reflects external monitoring that can drive managerial discipline. Company size is considered a moderating factor that could strengthen or weaken these relationships, especially in influencing profitability levels. Using a quantitative approach, the research findings reveal that each of the main variables—working capital management, leverage, and institutional ownership—partially and significantly affects profitability. More specifically, company size is found to moderate the effect of leverage on profitability, indicating that larger firms may be better positioned to optimize debt usage compared to smaller firms. This study not only provides empirical evidence regarding financial determinants of profitability but also enriches the discussion on how moderating factors such as firm size can influence the dynamics of corporate financial performance. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for stakeholders, including managers seeking to optimize financial policies, investors evaluating company performance, and academics or researchers interested in exploring further implications for corporate governance and financial strategy in emerging markets like Indonesia. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of managing financial variables strategically to sustain profitability in the highly competitive consumer goods industry.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Brand Image and Social Media Promotion on Purchase Decisions, with Consumer Satisfaction as an intervening variable in Balisijuk.id in Payakumbuh. In the digital era, a strong Brand Image and effective promotion strategies through social media are important factors in attracting interest and increasing Consumer Satisfaction, which ultimately influences purchase decisions. This research method uses a quantitative approach with purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to Balisijuk.id consumers. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression models and path analysis to test the direct and indirect relationships between variables. The results of the study show that Brand Image and Social Media Promotion have a significant effect on Consumer Satisfaction. Furthermore, Consumer Satisfaction proved to be an intervening variable that strengthened the relationship between Brand Image, Social Media Promotion, and Purchase Decision. In other words, the more positive the Brand Image and the more effective the Social Media Promotion, the higher the Consumer Satisfaction, which ultimately drives the Purchase Decision. This research provides practical implications for business actors, especially Balisijuk.id, in designing more effective marketing strategies through strengthening Brand Image and optimizing Social Media Promotion to increase consumer satisfaction and purchase decisions Balisijuk.id.

This research aims to determine the effect of Organizational Culture and Training on Employee Performance with Work Motivation as an Intervening Variable at the Lubuk Sikarah District Office in Solok City, under the supervision of Dr. Dori Mittra Candana, SE, M.M., and Mrs. Selvi Zola Fenia, S.Psi, M.M. This is a quantitative study. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires, with a sample of 60 respondents at the Lubuk Sikarah District Office in Solok City. The analysis methods used are path analysis, partial least squares (PLS), outer model, inner model, and hypothesis testing. Data processing in this study was done using the SmartPLS 3.0 software.The research results can be concluded as follows: Organizational Culture has a positive and significant effect on Work Motivation; Training has a positive and significant effect on Work Motivation; Organizational Culture has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance; Training has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance; Work Motivation has a positive but insignificant effect on Employee Performance; and Organizational Culture can mediate the relationship between Training and Employee Performance with Work Motivation as the intervening variable at the Lubuk Sikarah District Office in Solok City.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of leadership style and work stress on turnover intention. A quantitative approach was employed, with the research focusing on a causal, or cause-and-effect, relationship. Data were collected through surveys using questionnaires distributed to participants selected as the study's subjects. Causal research aims to identify the cause-and-effect relationships between variables, specifically the independent and dependent variables. This study utilized a saturated sampling technique, where the entire population—comprising 35 employees—was included in the sample. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was conducted using the Smart PLS 3.2.9 software. The study's findings revealed that leadership style directly influences turnover intention, while work stress does not significantly impact turnover intention.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of store atmosphere and customer lifestyle on purchasing behavior, focusing specifically on Parewa customers. Employing a quantitative survey methodology, the research integrates an explanatory approach with a correlational design to explore the relationships between these variables. The study follows a cross-sectional framework, with data collected at a single point in time. The individual purchaser serves as the unit of analysis, and the research is carried out within a natural, real-world environment. The findings demonstrate a statistically significant and positive correlation between store atmosphere and customers' purchasing decisions. This implies that an inviting and comfortable store environment increases the likelihood of customer purchases at Parewa. Additionally, the results show a significant positive correlation between lifestyle and purchasing behavior, suggesting that customers with enhanced lifestyles are more inclined to purchase Parewa products. These insights underline the importance of aligning store ambiance and customer lifestyle preferences to drive sales effectively.