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This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the development of social skills in early adolescence. The method used was a literature review. Researchers reviewed and synthesized the results of relevant previous studies, sourced from scientific journals and credible digital databases. The analysis results show a consistent relationship between the type of parenting style and the quality of social skills. Democratic parenting has been shown to make a significant positive contribution to communication skills, empathy, cooperation, emotional control, and adjustment in social environments. Adolescents raised with this parenting style tend to have better self-confidence and are able to build healthy social interactions at school and in the community. Conversely, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles tend to have less beneficial impacts. This is characterized by the emergence of social anxiety, low initiative, difficulty adhering to social norms, and limitations in establishing interpersonal relationships. These findings emphasize the crucial role of parents in shaping the social competence of early adolescents. The study concludes that implementing a balanced, consistent, and communicative parenting style is a key factor in supporting the development of social skills. Collaboration between the family and the educational environment needs to be strengthened.

The rapid development of information technology has transformed social media into a digital space that plays a crucial role in shaping the mindset, behavior, and lifestyle of young generations. TikTok is one of the most dominant platforms used by Generation Z, particularly students, due to its ability to present algorithm-based content that aligns with user interests. This condition has the potential to cause psychological stress in the form of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), which reflects social anxiety due to the perception of being late in keeping up with trends, information, or experiences that hold a dominant position in the social landscape. This research initiative aims to examine the influence of TikTok usage on the lifestyle configurations of Generation Z students, with FOMO serving as a determinant that strengthens this relationship. This study is designed within the quantitative tradition with a positivist epistemological orientation. The study population includes 250 students from the Faculty of Computer Science at the National Pasim University in Bandung, with a sample size of 72 respondents derived using Slovin's formula. The analysis results indicate that TikTok usage and the level of FOMO have a positive and significant impact on changes in students' lifestyles. The regression coefficient estimates are in the positive direction, with a significance value exceeding the critical threshold of 0.05, indicating a unidirectional relationship between the variables. The model determination estimate, at around 57.5%, confirms that TikTok and FOMO are able to explain a significant portion of the variation in students' lifestyles, while the remainder is influenced by factors outside the scope of this study. This finding confirms that TikTok functions not only as a medium of entertainment but also as an agent shaping lifestyles influenced by social and psychological pressures. Therefore, strengthening digital literacy is crucial so that students can use social media more rationally and responsibly.

The rapid growth of short-video-based social media platforms, particularly TikTok, has significantly influenced students learning behavior and productivity. This study aims to analyze the relationship between TikTok usage and students learning productivity. A qualitative literature review method was employed by examining relevant national and international scholarly articles published between 2021 and 2026. The data were analyzed using thematic synthesis to identify consistent patterns and key factors shaping learning productivity in the context of TikTok usage. The findings reveal a consistent pattern indicating that TikTok usage exerts an ambivalent impact on students learning productivity. Excessive and entertainment oriented use is associated with decreased concentration, increased academic procrastination, and poor time management. In contrast, purposeful use of TikTok through educational content and microlearning formats contributes to higher learning motivation, academic engagement, and creativity. These effects are strongly influenced by usage objectives, duration of consumption, and students self regulation abilities. This study concludes that TikTok is not a single determinant of learning productivity but functions as an amplifier of students learning behaviors. The findings contribute to the literature on social media and education by providing a conceptual foundation for developing digital literacy and time management strategies in higher education.

Mental health among university students has become a critical concern in higher education, particulary as students are required to cope with increasing academic demands, social pressures,and the growing complexity of campus life. At this stage, students are in an early transitional period that requires them to adapt to various changes, both academically and psychosocially. Under thes circumstances, psychological factor play a significant role in helping student maintain mental balance, one of which is emotional intelligence. This study aims to explore and understand the relationship between emotional intelligence and students’ mental health through a literature review approach. The method employed in this study is a qualitative descriptive literature review of 18 national and international scholarly articles published between 2021 and 2025, focusing on topics related to emotional intelligence, academic stress, emotion regulation, and student mental health. The findings indicate that emotional intelligence demonstrates a strong and consistent association with various aspects of students’ mental health, including levels of academic stress, anxiety, depression, academic, burnout, resilience, adjustment abilities, and psychological well being. Students with higher levels of emotional intelligence tend to be more capable of recognizing and understanding their emotions,as well as managing them adaptively when facing academic and social pressures. These abilities contribute to reducing the risk of excessive psychological distress. Furthermore, emotional intelligence functions as a protective factor that support the development of effective coping strategies and healty interpersonal relationship. Therefore, fostering emotional intelligence, through promotive and preventive programs within higher education instituions has the potential to become a strategic effort in enhacing and sustaining students’mental health over the long term.

Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior that is intentionally and repeatedly carried out, characterized by an imbalance of power between the perpetrator and the victim. This phenomenon is not limited to childhood and adolescence but may also produce long term effects that extend into adulthood, including among university students. This study aims to explore the long term impact of bullying on victims’ mental health, with a particular focus on students who have experienced bullying in the past. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method using a literature review approach. Data were obtained through a comprehensive analysis of scientific articles, national and international journals, and previous studies related to bullying and mental health. The findings show that victims of bullying face a higher risk of psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder or PTSD, low self esteem, and difficulties in social interactions. These effects influence not only emotional well-being but also academic functioning, including reduced concentration, decreased learning motivation, and lower academic performance. In addition, prolonged psychological stress resulting from bullying may lead to physical problems, such as sleep disturbances and somatic complaints. Factors including limited social support, maladaptive coping strategies, and high intensity or prolonged exposure to bullying were found to intensify the negative impacts experienced by victims. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive prevention and intervention efforts in higher education settings, such as the provision of accessible counseling services, the implementation of strict anti bullying policies, and the strengthening of social support systems to minimize the long-term mental health effects of bullying among university students.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the emotional development of early childhood based on a literature review. Emotional development is a crucial aspect of character formation, emotional regulation, and children’s social skills in daily life. The research method employed is a literature review, which involves examining relevant sources such as academic journals, books, and research The methodology utilizes a synthesis of peer-reviewed journals and relevant publications concerning the impact of caregiving styles on early childhood emotional maturity The reviewed literature was analyzed descriptively to identify patterns and trends in previous research findings. The results of the literature review indicate that parenting styles have a significant influence on children’s emotional development. Democratic (authoritative) parenting is consistently found to have the most positive impact on children’s emotional development, including better emotional regulation, self-confidence, independence, empathy, and social competence. Children raised with democratic parenting tend to express their emotions in a healthy manner and adapt well to social environments. In contrast, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting styles are often associated with emotional difficulties, such as low social skills, poor self-control, and challenges in managing emotions. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that democratic parenting plays a vital role in supporting optimal emotional development in early childhood

Social media is one form of technological advancement that has become an integral part of students’ lives, including university students. Its use is not limited to communication and information sharing, but it may also generate psychological effects that influence both physical and mental health. The purpose of this review is to identify and explain the psychological impacts of social media use through appropriate theoretical approaches, which serve as a foundation for discussing the research findings. This study employs a literature review method by examining various academic books and relevant scientific articles. The findings indicate that excessive use of social media has the potential to cause psychological problems among university students, such as social comparison behavior, cyberbullying, decreased sleep quality, and reduced learning productivity. These issues are influenced by several factors, including the intensity of social media use, the type of content accessed, and individuals’ ability to manage emotions and time. Furthermore, uncontrolled social media use may lead to difficulties in social relationships, increased procrastination, poor time management, and reduced self-control in using social networking platforms. Therefore, students are encouraged to develop healthier patterns of social media use to reduce the risk of psychological disturbances. This review is also expected to assist healthcare professionals in understanding the relationship between the intensity of social media use and the occurrence of depressive symptoms among university students.

The campus atmosphere significantly affects students' motivation for learning, influencing their academic experiences, mental health, and social relationships. This study explores how the campus environment impacts students' learning motivation through a literature review approach. The campus atmosphere is a multifaceted concept that includes physical, educational, and social aspects. A conducive physical environment, with well-maintained facilities and adequate learning spaces, enhances students' comfort and focus. The educational environment, particularly the interaction between lecturers and students, teaching methods, and institutional support, plays a key role in students' motivation and involvement. Additionally, the social environment, which includes friendships and a sense of belonging to the campus community, fosters intrinsic motivation and positive learning attitudes. Using a literature review approach, this study analyzes academic sources such as peer-reviewed journals, theses, and scholarly articles on the campus environment and student motivation. The findings indicate that a supportive campus atmosphere enhances students' motivation to learn, while a negative atmosphere can lead to decreased motivation and poor academic involvement. Universities should focus on creating and maintaining a supportive campus atmosphere to improve students' learning motivation and academic success.

Exercise is a planned physical activity that not only contributes to physical fitness but also plays a significant role in maintaining and improving mental health. This study aims to explore the relationship between physical exercise and mental well-being among adolescents and university students with diverse backgrounds of physical activity. The research employs a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with five informants, consisting of university students who engage in recreational exercise, recreational runners, middle- and long-distance runners, and a sprinter. Data collection was conducted in several public sports spaces in the city of Bandung, focusing on participants’ subjective experiences related to their psychological conditions before and after engaging in exercise. The findings indicate that all participants perceive exercise as an effective means of emotional regulation. Physical activity is consistently associated with improved mood, reduced stress, enhanced sleep quality, stable energy levels, and increased academic concentration and focus. In addition, exercise contributes to the development of self-confidence, self-efficacy, and self-control through structured routines. The social aspects of exercise, such as support from peers, communities, and coaches, were shown to strengthen the sustainability of physical activity while also providing essential emotional support for mental health. However, among competitive athletes, performance-related pressure was identified as a factor that may negatively affect psychological well-being, although this effect can be moderated by adequate social support. Overall, the findings of this study emphasize that exercise functions as an adaptive coping mechanism operating through biological, psychological, and social pathways, and highlight the importance of consistency and balance in physical activity to achieve optimal mental health benefits.  

Mental health is a very important element in supporting students' academic success. As a group at a vulnerable age, students often face academic, social, and psychological pressures that can affect their mental health and academic performance. This study aims to examine the impact of mental health on the academic performance of students at the Faculty of Economics, Pasim National University. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with data collection through questionnaires. The research subjects consisted of 123 students in their first semester, where the sample included 94 respondents selected using the Slovin formula. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, including validity, reliability, and normality tests, simple linear regression, coefficient of determination, and ANOVA. The findings of this study indicate that all measurement tools used are valid and reliable. Normality testing shows that the data have a normal distribution. The regression analysis results showed a significant positive effect of mental health on students' academic performance. An R-squared value of 0.410 indicates that mental health contributes 41% to the variation in students' academic results, while the remaining 59% is influenced by other factors. The results of the ANOVA also showed a significance level of 0.000 (<0,05). confirming the suitability of the regression model. Therefore, it can be concluded that mental health plays a significant role in improving student academic achievement. This research is expected to provide educational institutions with a basis for designing mental health support policies and programs to improve student academic quality.

The phenomenon of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) has become increasingly prominent among Generation Z due to the high intensity of social media use. Social media serves not only as a communication tool but also as a space for identity construction and the pursuit of social validation. Exposure to influencer content portraying ideal lifestyles, social achievements, and trending activities encourages individuals to remain constantly connected in order to avoid feeling left behind in digital communities. This study aims to analyze the influence of social media influencer content on the level of FOMO among Generation Z. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using a literature review method by examining relevant national and international academic journals published within the last five years. Data were analyzed by identifying patterns linking influencer content exposure, psychological mechanisms of FOMO, and its impact on Generation Z’s behavior and psychological well-being. The findings indicate that influencer content significantly contributes to social comparison processes and increases the need for digital validation, such as likes and comments, which are perceived as indicators of social acceptance. This condition strengthens FOMO tendencies and leads to excessive digital engagement, consumptive behavior, and psychological pressure. The discussion highlights that social media algorithms further intensify this cycle by repeatedly promoting popular and viral content. In conclusion, influencer content plays a crucial role in intensifying FOMO among Generation Z, emphasizing the importance of digital literacy and critical awareness to mitigate its negative effects.

English is an international language that plays an important role for students in the era of globalization; however, speaking anxiety or fear of speaking remains a major obstacle in academic practice within higher education institutions. This anxiety emerges as a complex psychological phenomenon involving cognitive, affective, and social aspects, rather than merely an issue of language proficiency. This study examines the problems faced by students, particularly those majoring in non English disciplines, in overcoming speaking anxiety in English academic settings. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews involving students of PASIM National University who exhibited varying levels of speaking anxiety. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques to identify emerging patterns and themes.The findings indicate that speaking anxiety is caused by fear of making pronunciation and grammatical errors, concern about receiving negative evaluations, limited vocabulary, and a lack of experience in communicating in English. These conditions are further exacerbated by limited opportunities for speaking practice, non-interactive learning methods, and insufficient support from teachers and peers. Students developed adaptive strategies such as relaxation techniques, thorough preparation, positive self-talk, and consistent language practice. To create a safe learning environment in which students can speak English effectively, this study proposes learning strategies that are more inclusive, supportive, and grounded in psychological principles.  

Education is a conscious effort to create effective learning conditions to develop self-potential, intelligence, and noble character. A clean campus environment is one of the crucial external factors that support the smoothness of the teaching and learning process and the comfort of the entire academic community. This study aims to analyze and determine the extent of the influence of campus environmental cleanliness on student learning activities at the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Nasional Pasim.The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive verificative approach. The research population includes 123 first semester students of the Faculty of Economics, with a sample of 94 respondents determined through the Slovin formula at a 5% error rate. Data were collected through closed questionnaires and analyzed using validity, reliability, and simple linear regression tests through SPSS software. The results showed that the instrument variables for environmental conditions and learning activities were declared reliable with a Cronbach's Alpha value above 0.60. The regression test results obtained a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.414, which indicates that campus environmental cleanliness has a 41.4% influence on student learning activities, while the remaining 58.6% is influenced by other factors. The ANOVA test produced a significance value of 0.000 with an Fcount value of 57.143, which is greater than the Ftable of 3.94, thus the research hypothesis is accepted. In conclusion, campus environmental cleanliness has a significant influence in creating a conducive learning atmosphere, increasing student focus, and intrinsic motivation. The university is advised to prioritize cleanliness management to realize a productive academic environment.   

This research focuses on comprehensive analysis of the crucial role of English proficiency as a vital instrument in enhancing the holistic communication competence of English Literature students amdist the dynamics of globalization. Utilizing a literature study research method trough a systematic review of various scholarly references, academic journals, and empirical findings, this study evaluates interaction barries such as limited vocabulary, syntatic complexity, and psychological constraints including low self confidence. The findjngs demonstrate that proficient language mastery is directly proportional to the improvement of critical literary work analysis and active participation in broader academic discourse. Furthermore, this study confirms that the implementation of interactive active learning methodologies such as role playing, thematic debates, and collaborative presentations integrated with cutting edge technology acts as a primary catalyst. These strategies not only mitigate communicative barriers but also substantially enhance self directed learning efficiency and career readiness in multilingual professional environment. Ultimately, this research offers a new theoretical contribution to higher education curriculum roadmaps that are more adaptive, responsive, and outcome oriented for learners domestically and internationally. Through this approach, educational institutions are expected to produce competitive graduates ready to face the dynamic challenges of the rapidly evolving global stage.

The advancement of digital technology has led to the extensive adoption of social media by teenagers. Social media has become a means of communication, entertainment, and an easily accessible source of information, but its use also has various impacts on adolescent mental health. This study aims to examine the influence of social media on adolescent mental health through a literature review approach. The method used was a literature review, reviewing various scientific journals, books, and academic articles relevant to the topic of social media and adolescent mental health. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to identify patterns of findings and trends in previous research. The findings of the research show that social media usage has both beneficial and detrimental effects on the mental health of adolescents. On the positive side, social media also can be means of self-expression, expanding social networks, and obtaining emotional support. However, excessive and uncontrolled social media use possesses the ability to create adverse effects, such as increased anxiety, stress, depression, low self-confidence, and impaired self-image due to social comparison. Furthermore, exposure to negative content, cyberbullying, and pressure to gain social approval also contribute to the decline in adolescent psychological well-being. The duration of use, the type of platform, and adolescents' ability to manage emotions and time also influence the level of perceived impact. Therefore, the active role of parents, educators, and the social environment is needed to provide guidance and digital literacy education so that teenagers can utilize social media sensibly. Through effective management, it is anticipated that social media can be used constructively while prioritizing adolescent mental health.

The advancement of social media platforms, especially TikTok, has drastically changed the behavioral patterns and lifestyles of Generation Z. One psychological impact of intensive social media use is Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), which is the worry of missing out on news, trends, or viral social activities. This study aims to reveal how FoMO affects the lifestyle of Generation Z active on TikTok, focusing on aspects of mental health, shopping habits, and the balance of social interactions. This research uses a literature study approach with a qualitative descriptive method, through in-depth analysis of 21 scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025. The findings show that FoMO is associated with increased anxiety, depression, personal dissatisfaction, and excessive social media use among Generation Z. Furthermore, FoMO also drives impulsive consumption patterns and purchases triggered by online trends as well as the desire for social approval. On the other hand, internal factors such as self-confidence and self-control ability have proven to reduce the level of FoMO and its negative effects. This study concludes that FoMO is a complex phenomenon that impacts the mental health and lifestyle of Generation Z, thus requiring measures such as increasing digital literacy, strengthening self-control, and using social media wisely to reduce the negative impacts of FoMO in the long term.

This research focuses on the use of social media among Gen Z students at the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Nasional Pasim, specifically in their first semester, with the primary obejctive of identifying the impact of social media usage on entrepreneurial interest Gen Z. Utilizing a quantitative method with a population of 94 individuals and a sample derived using a 5% margin, data were collected through questionnaires. The analytical results through validityand reliability tests confirmed that all data were both valid and reliable, while the simple regression analysis indicated that the regression model is feasible and relevant. This is evidenced by an R-Square value os 0.575, showing that 57,5% of the variation in entrepreneurial interest is influenced by social media usage, while the remaining 42.5% is affected by external factors. Furthermore, the F-count of 19.580 exceeds the F-table of 3.10, proving that social media usage significantly impacts entrepreneurial interest for instance, platforms like TikTok serve not only as entertainment but also as vital tools for information, business learning, and promotion. Such platforms encourage students to develop the courage to build businesses and foster independence, creativity, risk taking and readiness to create jobs and face future economic challenges. Ultimately, utilizing social media in a positive and productive manner serves as an effective strategy for cultivating the entrepreneurial spirit an dinterest among Gen Z.  

Mental health among Generation Z university students has become an increasingly important issue amid rising academic demands and the rapid development of digital life. Students today face various academic pressures, including competition for achievement, heavy coursework, and performance targets, which may negatively affect their psychological well-being. In addition, advances in digital technology have reshaped students’ daily lives, particularly through intensified information exposure and social comparison. This study aims to examine the influence of academic competition and digital dynamics on the mental health of Generation Z students using a literature review approach. The research employs a descriptive qualitative literature review method by analyzing 20 relevant scholarly articles published in national and international journals between 2018 and 2024. The findings indicate that academic competition is closely associated with increased levels of stress, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion among students. Prolonged academic pressure without adequate psychological support may lead to a decline in students’ psychological well-being. Furthermore, digital life reinforces psychological pressure through mechanisms of social comparison and self-presentation demands. However, several studies also identify protective factors, such as social support, mental health literacy, and emotional regulation skills, which help students manage academic and digital pressures more adaptively. Therefore, the mental health of Generation Z students is shaped by a complex interaction between academic competition and digital life, highlighting the need for comprehensive efforts from both individuals and educational institutions to promote students’ psychological well-being.

This research aims to explore a culture shock phenomenon and its impact on the stress levels and adaptation processes of migrant students at PASIM national University, as individuals who move into a new environment, culture, different geographical features, migrant students often face problems in communication or psychological pressure. Data collected process done by interviewing respondents, thru qualitative method with phenomenological approach to deeply describe life experiences. Basically culture shock has four phases, start with initial disorientation and cognitive load due to the uncertainty of social life, followed by emotional pressure leading to social isolation and homesickness. After those two the adaptive coping process activated starting with building relationships with peers, after all of these phases formed the increase of post-crisis increase in intercultural and social competence. This finding indicate that early phase of culture shock does indeed have a negative impct, however, as the adaptation process an individual can develop an independence dan stronger self-identity. Conclusion, this research emphasizes the importance of internal resilience and the support external support in transforming challenges into opportunities for self-development that can lead to personal growth and benefits.

The rapid and significant development of technology in the world has made online games a very popular form of entertainment among teenagers and students. Easy access to online games through gadgets has led to an increase in the number of teenagers playing online games. This condition has both positive and negative impacts on education, particularly on students' interest in learning. This study aims to analyze in depth the influence of online games on the lives and learning achievements of teenagers based on previous articles. We chose a literature study method for this research, and the data sources were obtained from articles relevant to the discussion. The data collection technique was carried out by reading and examining important information from the articles used. The results of the study show that online games have both positive and negative impacts on teenagers. The positive impacts can be seen in games that are educational and relevant to learning, as they can increase motivation, curiosity, and skills in teenagers. However, if played excessively and without supervision, online games tend to reduce concentration, decrease study time, and impact academic achievement, psychological well-being, and the health of adolescents. Therefore, the role of parents and teachers is crucial in controlling, guiding, and monitoring the use of online games so that adolescents can use them wisely and support the learning process wherever they are.