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The purpose of this study is to assess the computational thinking skills of fourth-grade elementary students within the framework of mathematics instruction. Computational thinking is a crucial 21st-century competency that should be cultivated from an early age, particularly in solving mathematical problems. This study adopts a descriptive quantitative method using a written test instrument developed based on four key computational thinking components: decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic processes. The participants in this research were fourth-grade students from a selected elementary school. The results indicate that most students demonstrate a moderate level of computational thinking. Among the assessed indicators, decomposition was the most successfully achieved, while algorithmic thinking was the least mastered. These results highlight the importance of integrating contextual and problem-based learning strategies to further enhance students’ computational thinking abilities in mathematics education.

Mathematical connection ability is a crucial competence that should be developed from the elementary level, as it helps students understand the interrelationships between mathematical concepts and their applications in daily life. This study aims to analyze the mathematical connection abilities of first-grade elementary school students in learning flat shapes. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method using cognitive and psychomotor assessment instruments. The cognitive test consisted of multiple-choice and essay questions measuring students' ability to recognize, understand, classify, and apply flat shapes. The psychomotor test involved tasks such as assembling flat shapes into meaningful objects and classifying shapes by type. The results showed that students were fairly capable of identifying and grouping flat shapes, but had difficulty explaining classification reasons or relating shapes to real-life objects. The psychomotor results also indicated that fine motor skills and the ability to make real-world connections need improvement. These findings highlight the importance of contextual learning approaches and the use of concrete media to strengthen students’ mathematical connections from an early age.    

Mathematical representative ability is a person's ability to express mathematical ideas, objects, and relationships in various forms of representation, both visually, symbolically, verbally, and contextually. This study aims to analyze the mathematical representative ability of students through counting operations in grade III elementary school in the form of story problems. The method used was descriptive qualitative research with written test instruments to assess cognitive abilities and observation to assess psychomotor skills. The research subjects consisted of five grade III elementary school students, by giving test questions on mathematical reasoning skills, observing students directly in solving and understanding story problems, conducting documentation to obtain accurate data when in the field by classifying students' mathematical representative abilities based on math scores. The results showed that most learners had a very good level of cognitive ability in completing arithmetic operations, but there were some learners who were still lacking in understanding story problems. This finding confirms that the importance of appropriate learning strategies so that learners are not only able to solve problems in the form of operations but also able to understand problems in the form of story problems that are applied in real life.