Modernity and Borobudur: Reflection of Spiritual Transformation in the Perspective of Cultural Sociology

Modernity affects all aspects of life, including the religious field. Borobudur was originally a place of worship and spiritual reflection and has shifted to a commercial tourist attraction. This study aims to describe Borobudur as a spiritual symbol, modernity and spiritual Borobudur, and the transformation of Borobudur's spiritual values ​​in contemporary society. The theories used are theories of cultural sociology. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. The results of the study state that, first, Borobudur as a spiritual symbol is a combination of Buddhist teachings and Javanese philosophy, Borobudur is a symbol of a spiritual journey towards enlightenment. Borobudur functions as a social identity builder for Indonesian society and creates collective awareness through cultural symbols in the modern world, second, Modernity brings challenges to Borobudur, Borobudur begins to be seen as a commercial tourist attraction that reduces its spiritual value. Third, The transformation of Borobudur's spiritual value in contemporary society can be seen from its role as a symbol of Indonesian social identity, namely connecting various community groups through interfaith activities and spiritual practices such as meditation and dhammayatra which are relevant to facing socio-cultural challenges in the modern era.