Integrating Digital Twin Technology in Port Operations: A Framework for Enhancing Operational Efficiency in Indonesian Maritime Hubs

This research investigates stakeholder perspectives on Digital Twin technology integration for enhancing operational efficiency in Indonesian port operations, focusing on maritime education institution viewpoints. Employing qualitative-dominant mixed methods, the study gathered insights through Focus Group Discussions, interviews, and surveys with thirty participants comprising maritime students, lecturers, and veteran practitioners at Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran Jakarta. Thematic analysis revealed overwhelmingly positive perceptions regarding Digital Twin operational benefits (mean score: 4.41/5.0), with particular emphasis on real-time decision support, predictive maintenance, and yard management optimization. However, stakeholders identified multifaceted implementation challenges including technological infrastructure limitations (28%), financial constraints (24%), and human capital competency gaps (23%). Findings emphasize that successful Digital Twin integration requires comprehensive frameworks addressing technological deployment, systematic competency development, and institutional readiness simultaneously. The research highlights maritime education institutions' strategic role in advancing technology adoption through curriculum innovation, specialized training programs, and industry-academia collaboration. Results provide actionable insights for developing contextually appropriate Digital Twin integration frameworks that position Indonesian ports competitively within global maritime networks while addressing emerging economy implementation realities.