This study explores the regulatory and institutional framework for relocating Indonesia’s national capital (Ibu Kota Nusantara, IKN) from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, a plan rooted in the integrative ideology articulated by Soepomo in 1945. This ideology emphasizes harmony between macrocosmic and microcosmic forces within the state, suggesting that the government center should be located centrally within the country to symbolize supreme authority. The relocation is also seen as a crucial move toward achieving “Indonesia Emas 2045”. However, the enactment of Law No. 3 of 2022, which serves as the legal basis for the relocation, has faced significant criticism, particularly regarding the regulatory, institutional, and funding aspects. Previous studies have often been opinion-based and lacked scientific rigor, especially in addressing the complexities of policy implementation. This research aims to fill this gap by providing a detailed analysis of the policy from regulatory and institutional perspectives. The study uses a normative legal approach, incorporating both statute and conceptual analyses, to evaluate the regulatory and institutional frameworks guiding the capital relocation. While it does not extensively address funding issues, it focuses on identifying how well the existing rules align with the policy’s implementation goals. Findings suggest that while the relocation offers significant benefits, such as promoting national unity and symbolizing progress, the process faces challenges, including conflicts with existing regulations and institutional inefficiencies. The contribution of this study lies in offering actionable insights for both the government and civil society to assess and improve the policy’s implementation, ensuring its alignment with the broader vision of national development.

The debate regarding Omnibus Law as the main means for structuring legal regulations in Indonesia attracted a lot of public attention when the Omnibus Law method, which was previously little known in Indonesia as a country that adheres to the Continental European legal system, was used in the preparation of draft laws (RUU). How does the constitutional transition to the establishment of an omnibus law on copyright work in a democratic country? How do we review the constitutionality of the implementation of the Omnibus Law and the copyright mechanism in the formation of statutory regulations? This research uses the concept of normative descriptive research, or what can be called normative juridical research. With this method, law is interpreted as what is written in legislation (law in a book), or law is interpreted as a legal rule, which is a standard for appropriate behavior. The Omnibus Law method practiced in the common law system is interpreted as a (new) law that regulates various kinds of regulations to simplify the various laws that are still in force. Constitutionally, the legal position of the omnibus law concept has not been regulated in the legal system or in the laws and regulations in Indonesia. Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, which was formed using the Omnibus method, is considered to be constitutionally contradictory because it does not have clear objectives and formulation, both in terms of the standard of formation, the systematics of its creation, and the process of changing its substance.

Land conversion is an important issue in Indonesia and Nigeria, with significant economic, social and environmental impacts. The problem-solving approach to uncovering farmers' legal culture is done through a sociolegal approach, where the law is seen not limited to the text but also its context in reality in society. With the sociolegal approach, the values, attitudes and views (NSP) of farmers towards their agricultural land, towards LP2B policies, and the behaviour of farmers in the use and utilization of their agricultural land designated as sustainable food agricultural land can be revealed and constructed appropriately and adequately. This research aims to uncover how farmers' legal culture can be better integrated in the law enforcement of food agricultural land protection, as well as find ways to harmonize formal laws with local practices in order to achieve more effective and equitable land protection, in addition to comparing factors affecting land conversion in both countries, including urbanization, infrastructure and industrial development, and government policies. The economic impacts of land conversion include economic growth and job creation, but also threaten food security and farmers' livelihoods. Social impacts include land conflicts and changes in people's lifestyles, while environmental impacts include deforestation, erosion and flooding. Proposed solutions include stronger monitoring and law enforcement, community participation, and sustainable policies and empowerment programs for farmers. In conclusion, wise policies and active participation from all parties are needed to sustainably manage land conversion in Indonesia and Nigeria.

The purpose of the study was to develop measures aimed at improving administrative procedures when working with personnel policy in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and its structural divisions. The following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison. The research findings indicate that the ongoing reform of personnel policy in Kazakhstan has led to a lack of qualified specialists who can adapt to new conditions. This shortage is due to a shift away from viewing personnel development solely as administrative tasks. Furthermore, there is a need to consider employee motivation more comprehensively. The practical significance of this study lies in the fact that the proposed recommendations can be taken as a basis for the development of personnel policy both in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan in general and in individual structural units belonging to the Department of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The buffalo farming system in Menaming Village is deeply rooted in traditional practices, combining grazing and caging methods that reflect the community's cultural values and environmental stewardship. These practices, designed to minimize the exploitation of natural resources, position Rokan Hulu as a region with significant potential to support both local livelihoods and national economic development. The research emphasizes the role of customary law, recognized in Indonesia's Constitution, in upholding these traditional practices and fostering sustainable livestock management. This study highlights the integration of local wisdom into buffalo farming, including practices such as converting manure into organic fertilizer, utilizing organic materials for fuel, adopting pesticide-free animal feed, and implementing rotational grazing systems. These strategies reduce environmental degradation, maintain ecological balance, and enhance livestock health and productivity. Moreover, they generate economic benefits, create employment opportunities, improve farmers’ incomes, and strengthen social cohesion through community-based activities and mutual cooperation. The novelty of this research lies in its demonstration of how customary law can be revitalized and integrated into contemporary governance frameworks to address modern challenges in sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation. This study contributes to the discourse on law reform by proposing that customary law be formally recognized and adapted within Indonesia's legal system as a dynamic tool for promoting sustainable development, empowering local communities, and preserving cultural heritage.

Indonesia, as a developing nation, is actively pursuing comprehensive development across various sectors to enhance equitable welfare, particularly through economic projects like office buildings, housing, and infrastructure. The involvement of all societal levels is crucial for ensuring the success of these endeavors. However, economic development often triggers disputes stemming from differing interpretations or contractual provisions. This study focuses on analyzing reforms in construction dispute resolution under Law No. 2 of 2017, utilizing a quantitative survey approach. The Construction Services Acts of 1999 and 2017 marked significant shifts in philosophical outlook and dispute resolution mechanisms. Findings indicate that the 2017 Act emphasizes non-litigious settlements with a "win-win" approach, though challenges remain regarding the term "court." Despite these challenges, the study acknowledges that Indonesia is progressing towards effective construction dispute resolution. It recommends stricter sanctions for violations of construction agreements to enhance future regulatory frameworks. These insights are vital for legal practitioners and policymakers, aiming to refine mechanisms and raise public awareness on regulatory gaps that hinder sustainable development in Indonesia. The study also categorizes dispute resolution solutions and scrutinizes provisions in Law No. 2 of 2017 concerning defects, nonconformities, weaknesses, and perceived biases. The Act defines a team formed by mutual agreement to oversee Construction Services, tasked with preventing and mediating disputes arising from Construction Work Contracts.

This study explores the legal protections against online sexual exploitation of children and online gender-based violence (OGBV) in Southeast Asia, focusing on Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, this research identifies and evaluates legal frameworks, implementation challenges, and the role of digital platforms in addressing these issues. Key regulations such as the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law in Indonesia, the Cybercrime Prevention Act in the Philippines, and the Computer Crime Act in Thailand were analyzed alongside institutional reports and academic studies. The results reveal that while these countries have made significant progress through the establishment of legal frameworks, implementation remains hindered by limited technical capacity, a lack of digital forensic expertise, and low public digital literacy. Furthermore, weak enforcement and insufficient oversight of digital platforms exacerbate the problem, as many platforms fail to respond promptly to reports of illegal content. Despite progressive laws such as Indonesia's Sexual Violence Prevention Law and the Philippines' international collaborations, slow law enforcement processes and economic vulnerabilities contribute to the persistence of these issues. The study concludes that Southeast Asian countries need to enhance technical capabilities, expand public education, strengthen international collaboration, and ensure greater accountability from digital platforms. These measures are essential to addressing gaps in enforcement and creating a safer digital environment for women and children in the region.

The rapid evolution of the labor market, accelerated by the ASEAN Economic Community and an influx of job seekers, intensifies competition not only for employment but also for career stability within companies. At the same time, businesses face mounting pressure to stay competitive, often turning to mergers and acquisitions as a strategy for growth and survival. Yet, while these corporate moves may strengthen business prospects, they often leave workers in a precarious position, facing potential job loss or uncertain changes to their employment status. This research explores the legal protection of workers post-acquisition, focusing on Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower and analyzing relevant court decisions. The findings reveal that although acquisitions do not automatically terminate employment contracts, they frequently disrupt workers’ rights, exposing them to unexpected vulnerabilities. This study underscores the urgent need for stronger legal safeguards to protect workers from the fallout of corporate restructuring. By highlighting gaps in current labor protections, this research contributes to ongoing discussions on labor law reform, offering insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and business leaders striving to balance corporate interests with workers’ rights in an increasingly volatile economic landscape. Ultimately, it raises a critical question: in the wake of corporate acquisitions, who truly stands up for the workers?

This study is significant as it addresses the need for contextual digital da’wah in a village with high media access but limited da’wah strategies and low digital religious literacy among youth through TikTok and Instagram. It explains the role of social media as a means of Islamic preaching to deepen religious understanding among Generation Z. This research employs a mixed-methods approach using observation, documentation, interviews, and survey techniques to analyze Generation Z’s responses to digital da’wah through data condensation, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and source triangulation. The findings reveal: (1) Generation Z prefers TikTok and Instagram for accessing da’wah content due to its short, visual, and relevant format. However, the level of digital interaction remains low and requires a more interactive approach. (2) Survey results show that Generation Z's da’wah strategies are effective through relaxed, humorous, relevant, and digitally adaptive approaches, with an average score of 4.688, indicating a positive impact. (3) The main challenges of digital da’wah for Generation Z include limited internet quota, low digital literacy, the risk of misinformation, and the need for more relevant da’wah content addressing youth issues such as bullying and identity crises through a more applicable psycho-educational approach. The conclusion highlights that Generation Z needs short, relevant, and interactive da’wah content supporting digital literacy to overcome challenges and religious misinformation.

Islamic religious education in schools plays an important role in instilling religious values through effective communication between teachers and students and using appropriate media. This study aims to analyze the influence of communication styles (verbal and non-verbal) and communication media (print and electronic) of Islamic Religious Education teachers on students' religious attitudes in schools. The approach used is an associative quantitative approach to explore the relationship between these variables. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire with a Likert scale, selected to measure students' religious attitudes objectively. The research sample comprised 86 respondents, chosen through purposive sampling with specific criteria, such as students actively participating in lessons and at specific grade levels. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS, involving validity and reliability tests, classical assumptions, and multiple linear regression (including t-test and F-test). The analysis results show that the teachers' communication style has a significant and positive effect on students' religious attitudes (Sig. 0.000). In contrast, the communication media shows a significant but negative effect (Sig. 0.004). Simultaneously, both variables significantly affect students' religious attitudes (F-test, Sig. 0.000). These findings indicate that although a good communication style can improve students' religious attitudes, inappropriate communication media may negatively affect those attitudes. Therefore, teachers need to choose the right communication style and media, considering the context and characteristics of the students, to support the optimal development of religious character.