This study aims to analyze the feasibility of beef cattle farming in the Perbaungan area, North Sumatra, and to develop sustainable business development strategies. The approaches used include financial, technical, and market analysis, with data collected through field surveys, interviews with farmers, and secondary data analysis. The results of the study indicate that the beef cattle farming business in this location is economically feasible with a significant level of profit. Recommended development strategies include optimizing feed management, increasing human resource capacity, and product diversification to expand the market. These findings are expected to help local farmers improve their business productivity and contribute to national food security.

Seed plants or spermatophytes are divided into two, namely angiosperms (open seed plants) and gymnosperms (closed seed plants). These seeds are a means of generative development of spermatophytes. This research aims to observe the internal structure of the reproductive organs of seed plants and observe the phases of embryo development in seed plants.  The method used is observing the structure of internal plant organs and is supported by literature studies related to the research carried out. The objects of this research are lilies (Hippeastrum sp.), pine (Pinus merkusii), and preserved corn (Zea mays).

The katuk plant (Sauropus androgynus) is a herbal plant that has many health benefits. Sauropus androgynus is one of the species of herbal plants that is widely known and spread in various countries, especially the Asian region, including Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the use of katuk leaf plant as an herbal medicine in RW 08 Sindangsari Village, Garut Regency through an ethnobotanical approach and to find out some of the benefits of katuk used as an alternative medicine. Data was taken by purposive sampling and continued with random sampling using electronic media. In data analysis, quantitative and qualitative approaches are used, including calculating Use Values (UV) and Fidelity Level (FL). The results of the study showed that the katuk plant had the highest UV value of 0.87 and FL 66.67% as a breast milk promoter, followed by other benefits, namely as a fever medicine, internal heat, cough medicine and so on. The results of the study showed that the katuk plant had the highest UV value of 0.87 and FL 66.67% as a breast milk promoter, followed by other benefits, namely as a fever medicine, internal heat, cough medicine and so on. The results show that katuk is a crucial plant in traditional medicine used by the residents of RW 08 Sindangsari Village.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of grafting and budding techniques on the growth and success of avocado (Persea americana) plant propagation. Grafting and budding techniques are vegetative methods commonly used in horticultural plant propagation to maintain the genetic quality of the parent plant. The study was conducted using avocado plants with grafting and budding techniques on the rootstock. The parameters observed included the level of success of unification (compatibility rate), shoot growth rate, survival percentage, and growth in stem diameter and plant height during a certain period. The results showed that the grafting technique provided a higher success rate than the budding technique on certain varieties, with a survival percentage reaching 85%. However, the budding technique showed advantages in the parameter of shoot growth rate, especially on varieties with specific or better environmental adaptation. This study shows that choosing the right propagation technique, depending on the characteristics of the variety and environmental conditions, is a key factor in supporting the success of avocado plant propagation. These findings are expected to be a reference for farmers and researchers in optimizing the production of high-quality avocado seedlings.

This study aims to assess the potential development of beef cattle farming businesses for farmers in Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. The variables used in this research are beef cattle production and beef cattle prices as independent variables, and farmers' income as the dependent variable. The analysis approach utilizes a quantitative method with a multiple linear regression model using time-series data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Perbaungan District for the period 2019–2023. The results indicate that the development of beef cattle farming businesses in Perbaungan District has significant potential to increase farmers' income and improve their welfare. The variables of beef cattle production and beef cattle prices collectively have a significant influence on farmers' income.

This study aims to develop a learning media prototype based on the Quizizz application, combined with 3D Augmented Reality (AR) technology, to support the implementation of Merdeka Belajar management in schools. AR technology enables the integration of virtual objects into real-world environments in real time, creating an interactive and engaging learning experience for students. Validation tests conducted at SMK N 03 Kota Bengkulu revealed that students experienced enjoyable and interactive learning, especially in the hardware introduction subject for the Computer and Network Engineering (TKJ) program. This prototype also supports teachers and educational institutions in implementing the Merdeka Belajar curriculum and can be used by parents and students as a learning aid at home. Furthermore, test results indicate that this media can serve as a supportive tool for the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program. This prototype holds significant commercial potential through subscription or licensing models for schools and educational institutions, along with AR content that can be tailored to specific curriculum needs. The key advantages of this innovation include interactivity, support for learning flexibility, integration of cutting-edge technology, and accessibility through common devices like smartphones and tablets. The development stages include research and development, prototype creation, testing, product launch, as well as ongoing maintenance and feature enhancement.

This study aims to test the viability and growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprouts for 11 days. Mung beans were chosen as the object of research because of the ease of the germination process and high nutritional value. The methods used include preparing germination media with moistened opaque paper, as well as observing the parameters of normal, abnormal, and dead seeds. The results showed that in the first repetition, the number of normal sprouts reached 17 seeds with a germination power of 68%, while in the second repetition there were only 11 normal seeds. This study indicates that environmental conditions and proper treatment greatly affect seed viability. Thus, it is important to maintain optimal conditions to increase germination and plant growth results.

This study aims to analyze pig farming with 7 livestock management. The research was conducted on November 9, 2024. The research This research uses qualitative data. The data obtained then analyzed descriptively to describe the state of the business and livestock management. management of the farm. The results of the study showed that the selection of superior seeds,efficient feed management, cage management, proper harvest management and determination of the ideal slaughtering time and overall marketing strategy and the overall marketing strategy is the success of pig farming by achieving high productivity and sustainable profitability. continue.

The Republic of Indonesia is a constitutional state, as specified in Article 1, Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. As a nation that upholds the rule of law as the highest authority in its governmental system, the existence of the Judiciary plays a central role as an absolute requirement for upholding the supremacy of law to ensure justice. According to the provisions of Article 24, Paragraph (2), the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court are institutions with the highest authority in enforcing law and justice in accordance with the mandate of the Constitution. The 2024 Indonesian Presidential and Vice-Presidential Election, also known as the 2024 Presidential Election, is the fifth such election in Indonesia to choose the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of this election triggered various reactions from different groups. Criticism of the results, particularly from opposing candidates, was not uncommon. This debate occurred not only among political elites but also within the broader community. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing the Constitutional Court's decision regarding the results of the 2024 Presidential Election and its impact on Indonesia's political and legal systems. This research employs a normative juridical legal approach, using library research as the primary data source. The study reveals that in resolving disputes over the 2024 Presidential Election results, the Constitutional Court considered valid and relevant evidence, despite dissenting opinions from some judges. The decision's impact-both in terms of the winner's legitimacy and public perception-can either enhance or deteriorate public views on the quality of Indonesia's democracy. This research is expected to provide deeper insights into the role of the Constitutional Court in safeguarding electoral integrity, addressing political controversies, and its implications for Indonesia's future political system.

This study aims to identify morphological and reproductive characters in Thallophyta and Bryophyta in UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Bryophytes have high species diversity and are known as the second largest group of plants after flowering plants. They play an important role in maintaining ecosystems, especially water balance and nutrient cycles, and serve as bioindicators due to their sensitivity to environmental changes. The study was conducted by taking samples of leaf lichens and crustose lichens on various substrates such as rocks, soil, and trees, then observed using a stereo microscope and binocular microscope. The results showed that Thallophyta, such as crustose lichens, have unique morphological structures and can reproduce through ascospores, while Bryophyta, such as leaf mosses, have a life cycle that includes gametophyte and sporophyte stages. Reproduction in leaf mosses occurs sexually through the antheridium and archegonium, and asexually through stolon fragmentation. In addition to their ecological role, lichens also provide important habitat for a variety of organisms and help maintain the balance of tropical forest ecosystems. The adaptation of lichens to a wide range of environmental conditions allows them to survive in various substrates and extreme situations. This study provides new insights into the role of lichens in ecosystems and their potential applications for environmental conservation and restoration. The results of this study can serve as a basis for biodiversity conservation efforts and sustainable environmental management. Therefore, it is important to take appropriate conservation measures to preserve the vital role of lichens in ecosystems and the overall health of the environment.