Seed plants (Spermatophyta) are a group of plants with a very high level of diversity and are widely distributed throughout the world. This group of plants is known as higher plants or Phanerogamae, namely plants that have seeds and reproduce sexually. Spermatophyta can be divided into two main groups, namely Gymnospermae or plants that have characteristics of open seeds and Angiospermae or plants that have characteristics of closed seeds. Research on the structure of internal reproductive organs of seed plants was carried out at the Instructional Laboratory 1 on Campus I UIN SGD Bandung, Cipadung Village, Cibiru District, Bandung City, West Java Province. Qualitative methods were used in this study by conducting direct observations on the objects being observed. This study aims to see and observe how the reproductive structure is in seed plants. Based on data from observations made on paper flowers (Bougainvillea), the flower has no petals, 3 crowns attached to 27 stamens, and 4 pistils with the flower formula K0 [C3 A27] G4. Meanwhile, in the study of lilies (Crinum jagus) have 5 petals, 6 crowns attached to 6 stamens, and 1 pistil with a flower formula of K5 [C6 A6 ] G1.

This article aims to observe the effect of hypertonic sucrose solution concentration on plasmolysis of epidermal cells of Rhoeo discolor leaves. Plasmolysis occurs when plant cells lose air due to the surrounding hypertonic solution, which causes the cytoplasm to shrink and the plasma membrane to detach from the cell wall. In this experiment, Rhoeo discolor leaves were immersed in sucrose solutions with different concentrations (0.14 M to 0.26 M) for 30 minutes, and the percentage of plasmolyzed cells was calculated. The results showed that the higher the sucrose concentration, the more cells underwent plasmolysis. At low concentrations (0.14 M and 0.16 M), plasmolysis occurred at a small percentage (1.77% to 7.25%), while at high concentrations (0.24 M to 0.26 M), the percentage of plasmolyzed cells increased significantly, reaching 3.03% at a concentration of 0.26 M at the 30th minute. In addition, prolonging the immersion time to 30 minutes caused a decrease in the number of plasmolyzed cells, indicating that osmotic equilibrium was reached after a certain time. Overall, this study confirms that hypertonic environmental concentration has a direct effect on plant cell plasmolysis, with the intensity increasing with higher environmental concentrations.

This study identifies nine plant species used as herbal remedies for postpartum recovery by young mothers in Sindangreret, Bandung. The UV (Use Value) for each plant varies, reflecting their relative importance in traditional practices. Curcuma longa exhibits the highest UV (0.58), highlighting its frequent use and perceived significance in traditional formulations for wound healing, reducing inflammation, and overall health enhancement. Other notable plants include Zingiber officinale (UV 0.51) for anti-inflammatory and energy-boosting properties, and Kaempferia galanga (UV 0.29) for pain relief and stamina enhancement. Traditional usage of these plants is supported by their bioactive compounds and therapeutic potential. The study underscores the importance of preserving ethnobotanical knowledge and suggests further scientific validation and public education to optimize the benefits of these herbal remedies.

The need for an efficient system to manage academic works in digital format is growing in universities, including at Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara (UINSU). Despite previous developments in digital repository systems, many academic institutions, including UINSU, still face challenges related to data management, security, and accessibility. This study aims to develop a web-based repository system for UINSU using the Waterfall method, to improve the storage, management, and accessibility of academic resources. A structured quantitative approach was adopted, focusing on the development and implementation of the repository system. The Waterfall methodology was chosen due to its step-by-step approach, ensuring a thorough and organized development process. The implementation of the system resulted in an organized, user-friendly platform where students, faculty, and staff can upload, manage, and access academic documents efficiently. The system features a clear interface for searching, uploading, and managing documents, with administrative controls for approving and maintaining submissions. The repository system significantly improves data management at UINSU, providing a long-term solution for archiving academic work. Continuous evaluation and system upgrades are essential to ensure it adapts to future needs and technological advancements.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in encouraging economic equity in Indonesia by encouraging economic growth, encouraging innovation and creativity, and reducing unemployment. Among the various MSME sectors, the culinary business stands out because it is very promising due to the universal food needs. One of the culinary businesses, Roti Bakar Bahagia, located in Medang Lestari, Tangerang Regency, shows significant growth potential but faces challenges in optimizing digital marketing and payment systems. To overcome these challenges, community service activities are carried out to increase the digital presence and digital payment infrastructure of the business. The assistance provided includes designing and making logos, designing and recreating menu lists, creating Google Maps lists, and integrating digital payment systems through QRIS. These efforts proved to be very beneficial, equipping Roti Bakar Bahagia to increase its competitiveness and sustain growth in the dynamic culinary market.

This study aims to improve the understanding of algebraic concepts among 8th-grade students through the discussion method. The research subjects were 30 students of SMPN Satap 3 Wolomeze. This classroom action research consisted of three cycles, each including planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results showed an increase in students' average scores from 60 (pre-cycle) to 85 (cycle 2). Student engagement also improved from 40% to 85%. The discussion method proved effective in enhancing the understanding of algebraic concepts, particularly in linear equations and factorization.
 
 

Sharia Capital and Investment Market is part of the financial market based on Islamic sharia principles. The main goal is to ensure that investment and securities trading activities are in accordance with Islamic rules and values, such as fairness, transparency, and the prohibition of usury, gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (speculation). This system supports the development of sharia-based investment which continues to increase in line with the awareness of the Muslim community to manage their finances in accordance with sharia.

This study aims to analyze seven semantic meanings in Syi'ir Tanpo Waton by KH Muhammad Nizam As-Shofa using Leech's theory of meaning. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data in the form of words, phrases, and sentences in the text of the poem accessed through the NU Online page. The results of the study indicate that Syi'ir Tanpo Waton contains various types of semantic meanings, namely conceptual, connotative, social, affective, reflective, collocative, and thematic meanings. The most dominant conceptual and connotative meanings describe the vertical relationship between humans and God, as well as deep spiritual values. The social meaning emphasizes inclusiveness and Javanese culture, while the affective meaning reflects religious emotions in the form of praise, prayer, and hope. The reflective meaning shows layers of multiple meanings, while the collocative meaning builds associations of related words. Thematic meaning emphasizes the urgency of worship, knowledge, and praise to God as the main themes.

Education is an ongoing issue that continues to be researched over time. Private universities established by foundations are required to make efforts to enhance the competencies of their graduates, which results in high competitiveness. This study aims to examine the antecedents of lecturer performance and its impact on graduate competence at Medan city. The factors studied in the antecedents include: foundation management, university governance, and dean leadership and their effects on graduate competence. The population in this research is final semester students of the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics, at nine private universities in Medan City. The sample selection in this study was carried out using multi-stage sampling, starting with purposive sampling of private universities and incidental sampling of students. The total sample in this study comprises 576 students representing the nine private universities proportionally. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This research concludes: (1) Foundation management has a positive and significant effect on university governance. (2) Foundation management has a direct positive and significant effect on dean leadership. (3) University governance has a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance. (4) University management has a positive and significant effect on dean leadership. (5) University governance has a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance. (6) Dean leadership has a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance. (7) Lecturer performance has a positive and significant effect on graduate competence. (8) Foundation management has a positive and significant effect on dean leadership through university governance. The abstract should be self-contained, meaning there are no citations are included. It should concisely inform the reader of the manuscript’s purpose, methods, findings, and significance. The abstract should be written in relatively nontechnical language, yet clear enough for an informed reader to understand the manuscript’s contribution. The abstract contains approximately 100-200 words.

Background:
 
The fovea ethmoidalis and the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone are the parts of the skull base that are most vulnerable to iatrogenic problems during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The vertical height of the cribriform plate's lateral lamella, which is divided into three groups based on Keros types. According to the Keros, The likelihood of iatrogenic injury and issues increases with the cribriform plate's lateral lamella height.
 
Aim of the study:
 
The aim of this study is to assess the discrepancies in the ethmoid roof elevation (the depth of the olfactory fossa) amongst the adult Kirkuk population using multi-detector computed tomography.
 
Patients and methods:
160 persons who were referred for a CT scan to evaluate their paranasal sinuses participated in the study. Participants in this study were not allowed to have any pathological abnormalities affecting the ethmoid roof. According to the Keros classification, which was split into three groups (Keros I from 1 to 3 mm, and from 4 to 7 mm considered Keros II, while Keros III should be from 8 mm and more), the vertical height of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate was measured using the coronal portion of a CT image.
Results:
The patients' average age was 35.25 ±14.16 years. The range of the left lateral lamella height is 2.1 to 10.0 mm, and the range of the right lateral lamella height is 2.0 to 9.9 mm. Of these, 43.75% had Keros type I, 55% had Keros type II, and 1.25% had Keros type III.
 
Conclusion:
Keros type II was present in the majority (about 55%) of the adult population in that was studied while Keros type I was (about 43.75%). However, just (about 1.25%) of the adults population in the sample had Keros type III.