The capital market is an arena where investors can meet issuers who want to offer or obtain securities. For someone who wants to become an investor, having a good understanding of the capital market is very important, so they need to study how this market works carefully. Education regarding the capital market is really needed by potential investors, and this can be done by stock exchange managers to provide great benefits. The more people are interested, the higher the reputation of the capital market. Investments are assets used by companies to increase wealth through the distribution of results, such as interest, royalties, dividends and rent, as well as to increase value or obtain other benefits from trade relationships. Shares and fixed assets are also included in investments. Prospective investors must have a deep understanding of the capital market and special skills in analyzing and understanding market conditions in order to make the right decisions and avoid losses.

The ecumenical movement in Indonesia was born as a response to the biblical call to realize the unity of Christians, especially in the context of cultural, ethnic and religious diversity. As a country with high plurality, Indonesia is a fertile and challenging field for this movement. Oikumene, derived from the Greek word oikoumene, means “inhabited world”. In this context, the ecumenical movement aims to unite churches to witness the Gospel together in a complex and diverse world. However, the implementation of this movement is not free from various dynamics and challenges, especially in interfaith relations. One of the main challenges is the differences in theology, tradition and liturgy between churches, which become internal obstacles to realizing complete unity. Churches in Indonesia often face difficulties in reaching agreement on common issues, such as evangelism, social services, and approaches to interfaith dialog. On the other hand, external challenges arise from the dynamics of interfaith relations in Indonesia, which are often characterized by tensions, stereotypes, and even conflicts. Government policies related to religion, such as the regulation of houses of worship, also often put churches in a difficult position, thus affecting their efforts to unite.Nevertheless, the ecumenical movement in Indonesia still plays a significant role in promoting interfaith dialogue. By emphasizing the importance of cooperation on social issues, such as justice, peace and poverty alleviation, the movement is able to serve as a bridge between Christian communities and other religions. The role of organizations such as the Persekutuan Gereja-Gereja di Indonesia (PGI) is very important in realizing constructive dialogue. Through this approach, ecumenism is not only an internal effort of the church to unite, but also a contribution of Christians to interfaith harmony in Indonesia.keywords: The Oikumene Movement in Indonesia and interfaith challenges

Education is one of the main pillars in human resource development in Indonesia, however the quality of education still faces various challenges, such as unequal access and low quality of teaching. This research aims to analyze the education policies that have been implemented by the government in an effort to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. Through a qualitative approach, policy analysis is carried out to identify factors that influence policy effectiveness and its impact on society. The results of the analysis show that although there are programs such as compulsory education and increasing teacher competency, the gap between the policies formulated and their implementation is still a major problem. Therefore, a more inclusive and participatory approach is needed in formulating education policies to ensure that every policy taken is able to answer local needs and improve the overall quality of education.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of store atmosphere and customer lifestyle on purchasing behavior, focusing specifically on Parewa customers. Employing a quantitative survey methodology, the research integrates an explanatory approach with a correlational design to explore the relationships between these variables. The study follows a cross-sectional framework, with data collected at a single point in time. The individual purchaser serves as the unit of analysis, and the research is carried out within a natural, real-world environment. The findings demonstrate a statistically significant and positive correlation between store atmosphere and customers' purchasing decisions. This implies that an inviting and comfortable store environment increases the likelihood of customer purchases at Parewa. Additionally, the results show a significant positive correlation between lifestyle and purchasing behavior, suggesting that customers with enhanced lifestyles are more inclined to purchase Parewa products. These insights underline the importance of aligning store ambiance and customer lifestyle preferences to drive sales effectively.
 

Bullying in the campus environment is a problem that can disrupt the psychological and academic well-being of students. This article discusses bullying prevention strategies through the use of social media as an effective tool in creating a safe and inclusive campus environment using the library research method. Social media has an important role in students' lives, so it can be used as a medium for bullying campaigns and forming a support community for victims of bullying. In addition, clear and firm campus policies and the active role of lecturers and staff in preventing bullying are also discussed as part of a comprehensive strategy. After combining these various approaches, it is hoped that a campus environment that is free from bullying, supports positive development, and improves overall student well-being can be created.

This research aims to examine the effect of the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on the stock value of PT. Ramayana Lestari Sentosa Tbk during the 2019-2023 period. Using quantitative analysis with dependent data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange, the analysis shows that the company's DER was within a moderate range (35%-42%) throughout the study period. The results indicate a negative correlation between DER and stock prices; however, the effect is not significant when viewed partially. The decline in DER in 2023 reflects the company's efforts to strengthen its capital structure and reduce dependence on debt. These findings are expected to enhance investors' knowledge and support the company's operations in developing future financial and investment strategies.
 
 

This research focuses on the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model to enhance student participation at SMAN 6 Pandeglang. This topic is significant because many students exhibit low engagement in collaborative learning environments. TGT, as a cooperative model, involves students in competitive games that encourage their active involvement. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, following five steps of TGT implementation: information delivery, team formation, games, tournaments, and group awards. The findings indicate that the application of the TGT model successfully improved student participation and motivation. Students reported feeling more engaged and enthusiastic during the learning process. In conclusion, the TGT model is effective not only in increasing student participation but also in fostering 21st-century skills such as collaboration and communication.
 
 

Hartini, S. (2011). Tinjauan Pustaka. Unikom. Available at:
https://elibrary.unikom.ac.id/id/eprint/3152/8/11.%20UNIKOM_SITI%20HARTINI_BAB%20II.pdf.html, diakses tanggal 3 Desember 2024.
Isnaini, Heri. "Perempuan Di Titik Nol: Female, Feminine, Dan Feminist." Prawara:
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 5, no. 2 (2024): 148-57.
Liye, T. (2002). Hujan. PT. Gramedia, Jakarta.
Nurhuda, Teguh Alif, Herman J. Waluyo, Suyitno. "Nilai - Nilai pendidikan karakter pada novel Simple Miracles karya Ayu Utami." Jurnal pend. Bahasa, sastra dan daerah. (2018) : 2549-259.
Pentor, Kalista Prisca Juwita, Ida Bagus Rai, and I. Putu Ariana. "Analisis Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Dalam Novel Hujan Karya Tere Liye." Widya Accarya. 12.2 (2021): 205-218.
Rosiana, Arriza Avi, and Yayah Chanafiah. "NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM NOVEL HUJAN KARYA TERE LIYE." Jurnal Ilmiah KORPUS 6.2 (2022): 242-252.

The increase in human activities, such as industrialization, urbanization, and transportation, has led to air pollution, including heavy metal contamination such as lead (Pb). Lead originates from vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and fossil fuel combustion, which have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. One effective method for monitoring air pollution is biomonitoring using bioindicators, such as lichen. Lichen is sensitive to air quality and can absorb pollutants, including heavy metals, through its surface. This study uses a literature review to analyze the role of lichen as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution, specifically lead. Several lichen species, such as *Xanthoparmelia xanthofarinosa* and *Canoparmelia aptata*, are known to accumulate heavy metals from the environment. The results show that the lead content in lichen varies depending on the pollution level in the location. Areas with high traffic have higher lead concentrations compared to areas with low traffic. The advantages of using lichen as a bioindicator include low cost, practicality, and its ability to provide long-term data on air quality. With this understanding, lichen data can be used for pollution mitigation and evidence-based policies to reduce the impact of air pollution. Further research is recommended to explore the potential of lichen in detecting other heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu).
 

Research on Feasibility Analysis of the Etawa Peranakan Goat Milk Production Business (PE) at Tharraya Farm in Geli Village, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency aims to analyze the income of the goat milk (PE) production business at Tharraya Farm and analyze the feasibility of the goat milk production business (PE) in Tharraya Farm. The research area was determined purposively, namely based on certain criteria or objectives, taking into account that the Etawa goat milk industry in the area could provide the information needed in the research. Data analysis techniques used were I=TR-TC. The results of this research obtained an income of IDR 72,240,000 / year. Receipts amounting to Rp. 176,526,000 a year and total costs of 104,286,000. The livestock business is profitable and feasible to develop with an R/C of 1.69, ?>0, while the percentage ratio of ?/C x 100% is 60%. The Etawa Peranakan goat milk business at Therraya Farm is profitable and worthy of development