The purpose of this study was to ascertain how different types of manure and bulbil size affected the growth of porang seedlings. This study used a Randomized Block Design with two factorials, namely, treatment of manure (P) with four kinds, namely chicken manure, cow manure, and goat manure The second factor is the size of bulbil with three types of size such as small (2 - 3,25 gr), medium (6 - 6,85 gr) and big (9 - 9,32 gr). The parameters observed in this study were plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), leaf width (cm), number of leaves (strands), and percentage of finished seedlings. The results showed that Bulb weight 9 gr – 9.32 gr gives the best average in the plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of roots, and percentage of finished seedlings. Goat manure gives the best average for plant height, leaf area, and number of roots. There was an interaction between bulbil weight and type of manure on parameters of plant height.

Technological advancements in the Society 5.0 era have transformed the economic landscape, including taxation mechanisms. This study focuses on the role and responsibilities of digital platforms in tax imposition in Indonesia, governed by various regulations such as the Harmonized Tax Law (UU HPP) and Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE). The study finds that while digital platforms are central to the digital economy, existing regulations have not fully addressed the complexity of their operations, particularly in the context of taxation. Using a normative juridical approach, this research examines key challenges such as transaction anonymity, taxation disparities between conventional and digital companies, and tax avoidance by multinational digital platforms. On the other hand, the Indonesian government has initiated adaptation efforts by imposing Value-Added Tax (VAT) on digital trade, although its implementation still faces technical and administrative barriers. The study concludes that Indonesia's tax regulations need reforms to better accommodate the dynamics of the digital economy, including implementing fair and legally certain taxes for digital platforms. Recommendations include strengthening oversight, enhancing international collaboration, and utilizing technology to improve transparency and efficiency in the tax system. This research aims to contribute to the government, regulators, and business actors in creating an inclusive and sustainable digital economic ecosystem.

This article aims to analyze the legal protection for victims of mugging who unintentionally kill the mugger. The research method used is a literature review by collecting data from relevant research journals published between 2019-2024. The results show that victims of mugging who unintentionally kill the mugger can be protected by law on the grounds of self-defense. However, further investigation is needed to prove that the action was indeed carried out as an act of self-defense. In conclusion, the law in Indonesia needs to provide more comprehensive protection for victims of crime, including victims of mugging, so that they are not afraid to report the crimes that have befallen them.

GERD anxiety is a combination of GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) or a stomach acid disorder characterized by a burning sensation in the chest and solar plexus area and also a mental disorder called anxiety or anxiety disorder. Apart from medical treatment, GERD anxiety sufferers must receive spiritual treatment. In this case, pastoral counseling can meet the needs of GERD anxiety sufferers in spiritual treatment. Gerd anxiety is a disease that must be treated immediately because if it is not treated it will worsen the sufferer's condition and can even make it difficult for sufferers to carry out activities and socialize, and can also reduce the sufferer's quality of life. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. This research was aimed at a mother who suffered from GERD anxiety for almost two years. The research was carried out using a pastoral counseling process carried out by church ministers during several meetings. The results show that the pastoral counseling approach can complement medical assistance for GERD anxiety sufferers and is an effective aid for recovering sufferers.

The purpose of this study is to observe the cognitive development of early childhood in PAUD Sukacita, especially children aged 5-6 years, through learning activities that involve the introduction of body parts and the calculation of numbers. This learning activity is designed to assess children's ability to understand simple concepts, the courage to appear in front of the class, and numeracy skills. The results of the observation showed that the children's responses to the given activities were very different. Some children show good responses, show optimal cognitive development, and show high self-confidence. . However, there are children who have difficulty understanding the material or feel embarrassed when performing in front of their peers. The main causes of this variation are social anxiety, lack of prior stimulation, and differences in confidence levels. These results underscore the importance of methods that support children's emotional and social development and provide appropriate cognitive stimulation to help children maximize their potential.

Through literature studies and case analysis, this research in-depth examines the sharia fintech business model based on zakat and waqf. This research identifies potential, challenges, and provides policy recommendations to support the growth of this business model. The research results show that this business model has great potential in increasing financial inclusion and expanding the reach of beneficiaries. This research aims to examine how sharia fintech can contribute to improving social welfare through more effective management of zakat and waqf

Sumatra Island has abundant natural resources, one of which is agricultural land. The agricultural sector plays an important role in the economic structure including the level of food security. Thus, the problem can be formulated in the form of how the role of  the agricultural sector and food security is to the economic system on Sumatra Island. This research method is qualitative research with a literature review methods using literature collected in various sources. The purpose of this writing is to describe how the agricultural sector and food security play an important role in the economic system on Sumatra Island. The results of the study show that the agricultural sector plays an important role in supporting food security in the economic system in Sumatra even though it is faced with the challenges of climate change and land conversion. Therefore, collaboration between the community, private sector, and government is needed to improve technology and innovation in food crop diversification.

This research aims to examine the impact of using technology-based learning media on class X Software Engineering (RPL) students at SMKN 7 Serang City. In the ever-growing digital era, technology has become an important part of education, offering various forms of learning media that are more interactive and interesting. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to explore the challenges and impacts of using technology-based learning media on student learning outcomes. Data collection techniques were carried out through literature studies, interviews and direct observation. The research results show that the use of technology-based learning media can improve the quality of learning and understanding of the material by students, as well as motivate them to be more active in learning. Media such as digital tutorials, e-learning, and simulations allow students to learn independently and gain practical skills relevant to the world of work. However, there are significant challenges, such as limited technological facilities and gaps in access between students who have devices and those who do not. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve technological facilities and equalize access for all students. This research contributes to understanding the role of technology in education, especially at SMKN 7 Serang City, as well as providing recommendations for maximizing the implementation of technology-based learning media in vocational education in Indonesia.

This research aims to determine the influence of painting with natural materials on the development of elementary school children's creativity. Through literature studies, this research analyzes various relevant publications to identify the concept of creativity, the benefits of using natural materials in art learning, as well as the results of previous research related to this topic. The research results show that painting activities with natural materials have great potential in stimulating children's creativity through various aspects, such as critical thinking skills, imagination and self-expression. Apart from that, this activity can also improve fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and environmental awareness in children. The use of a variety of natural materials and their multisensory nature can provide a fun and meaningful learning experience for children, thereby encouraging their interest and motivation to learn.

According to the term, waqf is the holding of assets whose benefits are taken without being destroyed immediately for permissible use and is intended to obtain the blessing of Allah SWT. This study aims to analyze the management of waqf at the Indonesian Waqf Tabung institution in the waqf fund model and the programs implemented with benefits to various fields. This research uses qualitative research methods. The data used consists of primary data and secondary data obtained through observation and pre-existing literature or research. The research results show that the waqf management at Tabung Waqf Indonesia is in accordance with Islamic law, can run programs well and is invested in various forms of business with surplus proceeds being used for social programs, and the management of the waqf has had positive implications in improving the community's economy. This research contributes to the development of studies related to waqf management at the Indonesian Tabung Waqf institution in the waqf fund model and the programs implemented with a more detailed explanation along with their relationship to benefits in the fields of health, education, economics and social development.