This study aims to explore gross motor developmental delays in 6-year-old children as an early indication of possible Tourette syndrome. Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the emergence of spontaneous movements and sounds (tics) that are not realized and can interfere with the child's daily activities. In this study, a qualitative approach was used with a case study method on a boy in Malang City who showed symptoms of motor and vocal tics. Data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation of the child's activities in the home and school environment. The results of the observation showed that the child had difficulty maintaining balance and showed spontaneous movements such as shaking his head, blinking, and clearing his throat repeatedly. These symptoms do not always appear consistently and occur more often when the child is tired or mildly stressed. Data analysis showed that motor delays were not caused by muscle disorders, but by an imbalance in neurological regulation that affects movement coordination. The main risk factors come from daily habits such as excessive use of gadgets, lack of rest time, and unstable emotional responses. The treatment carried out involves a combination of medication from a neurologist and environmental support such as reducing stress triggers, regulating playtime, and an inclusive educational approach. This study emphasizes the importance of early detection, holistic intervention, and ongoing support from families and educators in dealing with children with Tourette syndrome symptoms so that motor delays do not develop into more serious disorders.

Achievement Motivation as the Responsibility of Teachers and Parents Towards Students in the 4.0 Era and Its Relevance in Christian Religious Education. The background of writing this article is to understand the motivation of students' learning achievement in the 4.0 era. The purpose of this study is to improve students' learning achievement, one of the determining factors of success is learning motivation. Motivation plays an important role in encouraging students to study diligently, tenaciously and with full concentration so that learning achievement can be optimal. The research method used in this study is qualitative research through literature study. The results are that learning motivation consists of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation which is influenced by various factors such as ideals, abilities, physical and psychological conditions of students, and the surrounding environment. Teachers and parents have an important role in providing achievement motivation through proper guidance, support, and supervision. In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, the challenges of learning motivation are increasingly complex because it facilitates access to technology that can distract students. Therefore, the role of Christian religious education is very important in shaping the character and spiritual values ​​of students so that they are able to face technological challenges wisely, maintain face-to-face relationships, and foster strong learning motivation.
 
 

This research is motivated by the low learning motivation of students despite participating in MBKM programs such as Merdeka Student Exchange (PMM) and Kampus Mengajar. This phenomenon is seen from the fact that there are still students who are not diligent in studying, do not show strong interest in their field of study, and are not yet encouraged to complete lecture assignments well. This becomes an important reason for researchers to examine further whether there is an influence from these two programs on students' learning motivation. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of PMM and Kampus Mengajar Programs on the learning motivation of Economics Department students, Universitas Negeri Medan. This research uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires through a Likert scale questionnaire. The number of respondents was 52 students selected through purposive sampling technique, namely students who had participated in one or both programs. The results showed that both partially and simultaneously, the PMM and Kampus Mengajar Programs had a significant influence on students' learning motivation. The t-test showed that PMM had a significance value of 0.042 and Kampus Mengajar had 0.002, both below 0.05. The F-test simultaneously showed a significance value of 0.001. The multiple regression equation obtained was Y = 29.047 + 0.145X₁ + 0.184X₂, and the coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.552, meaning that 55.2% of the learning motivation variable is explained by PMM and Kampus Mengajar. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that student involvement in the PMM and Kampus Mengajar Programs has an influence on increasing the learning motivation of Economics Department students, Universitas Negeri Medan. Thus, participation in both programs becomes one of the important factors contributing to students' internal drive in undertaking the educational process.

This study aims to explore the role and strategy of human capital in improving employee productivity within Indonesia’s banking industry. Amid digital transformation, efficiency demands, and increasingly competitive financial markets, human resource management must evolve from merely administrative functions into a strategic pillar. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis across several banking institutions. The findings indicate that human capital strategies involving competency development, digital-based training, talent mapping, and adaptive leadership have a positive impact on employee performance. Adaptive and collaborative leadership styles also emerge as a key factor in supporting these strategies. However, challenges such as resistance to change and digital readiness remain present. This research provides practical implications for the development of human capital policies that are more adaptive, human-centered, and sustainable in the banking sector.

This study investigates the critical role of legal regulation in promoting sustainable business practices, particularly in emerging economies facing institutional constraints. Using a qualitative, literature based approach grounded in thematic analysis, the research explores how legal frameworks influence corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) behavior across China, Indonesia, Brazil, and South Africa. Findings reveal that while mandatory ESG disclosures, environmental laws, and green fiscal incentives can positively shape corporate conduct, their effectiveness is highly dependent on enforcement consistency and institutional capacity. Multinational firms often lead in sustainability due to global regulatory pressures, while small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) face structural challenges. The study also highlights the risks of greenwashing and regulatory arbitrage in jurisdictions with weak oversight. Moreover, international legal instruments such as the EU Deforestation Regulation and Paris Agreement are shown to influence domestic governance, although unevenly. The research concludes that to embed sustainability effectively, legal frameworks must not only be robust and adaptive but also supported by institutional legitimacy and stakeholder engagement. The study offers strategic policy insights for governments, regulators, and corporate leaders committed to advancing sustainable governance.

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly influenced educational approaches, particularly in Islamic education for digital native generations. This study analyzes the concept of Islamic education in the digital era based on the book Tarbiyah fi Zaman al-Fitan by Sheikh Dr. Ali bin Yahya al-Haddadi and explores its influence on digital native generations. Using a qualitative approach with library research methodology, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the primary source supplemented by relevant secondary literature including books, scientific journals, and previous research findings. The research integrates Digital Native theory, Social Cognitive theory, and Connectivism to understand the educational challenges faced by digital natives. The findings reveal four main pillars of Islamic education according to al-Haddadi: parental education, gradual education from early age (tarbiyah tadrijiyyah), creed education (aqidah), and social etiquette education (adab). These pillars effectively serve as protective measures against two main fitnah (trials) in the digital era: syahwat (lust) and syubhat (doctrinal confusion). The study demonstrates that classical Islamic educational concepts remain highly relevant for addressing contemporary digital challenges, providing internal firewall mechanisms, strengthening parental role modeling, and promoting adaptive collaborative learning. This research contributes to the development of Islamic educational frameworks that integrate classical spiritual values with modern digital literacy requirements.

This study aims to reveal the influence of various factors in digital marketing on consumer purchases on the TikTok Shop platform. This study specifically aims to assess the impact of content marketing and online customer reviews on purchasing decisions with customer trust as an intervening variable on TikTok Shop customer in Pati. This study uses a quantitative method. The population studied was TikTok Shop consumers in the Pati area, with an unknown number. A total of 97 respondents were sampled through a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling approach. Data analysis was carried out using SmartPls 3 software. The results of the study showed that content marketing had an influence on purchasing decisions, while online customer reviews did not have a significant influence. In addition, content marketing and online customer reviews had an effect on purchasing decisions. However, customer trust was not proven to influence purchasing decisions. Content marketing and online customer reviews also had no influence on purchasing decisions through customer trust as an intervening variable on TikTok Shop customer in Pati.

This study was motivated by the condition of students who are still lacking in literacy activities carried out by the school in the morning 15 minutes before learning begins. This study aims to determine Teacher Efforts in Improving Students' Literacy Skills through the Reading Corner at MI SALAMAH Jambi City, the method used in this study is qualitative using data collection instruments in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The data sources are the Principal, Class Teachers, and students, Data analysis techniques used are Data Reduction, Data Display, and Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that, Teacher Efforts in Improving Students' Literacy Skills through the Reading Corner at MI Salamah Jambi City have been implemented well, for example, children can already speak well and correctly but there are also those who still cannot speak correctly. Supporting and inhibiting factors in Teacher Efforts in Improving Students' Literacy Skills through the Reading Corner at MI Salamah Jambi City, The supporting factors are such as facilities and infrastructure, having a reading corner in the classroom, and environmental factors. While the inhibiting factors are, the books in the reading corner are inadequate, and still incomplete, as well as factors within the students and parents. Teachers' efforts to improve students' literacy skills through the reading corner are by utilizing existing facilities, and always providing motivation to students and increasing the number of books in the reading corner.

A manual attendance system was previously used to manage the attendance list of each employee. However, this application causes attendance fraud. Therefore, the attendance system was changed into a digital form to reduce attendance fraud and improve discipline. This qualitative study was conducted through the phenomenological method by examining the implementation of the Hadirr.com digital attendance system in a 72-branch retail network in Banten-Bogor. Data in this study was collected through in-depth interviews with 45 informants (HRD managers, branch supervisors, and employees) and participatory observation for 6 months. The findings revealed three main themes, namely the absenteeism fraud patterns that developed before and after implementation, changes in work culture related to attendance and discipline post-implementation, and social interaction patterns formed due to implementation. This study provides a conceptual framework on the determinants of a successful digital time attendance system in a multi-site retail environment.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Brand Trust and Product Quality on the Purchase Decision of Bottled Drinking Water (AMDK) brand Le Minerale in Medan Petisah District. The research method used is quantitative with a multiple linear regression approach. The sample consisted of 70 respondents selected using accidental sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, F-test, and determination test (Adjusted R Square). The results show that Brand Trust and Product Quality have a positive and significant effect both partially and simultaneously on Purchase Decision. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.441 indicates that these two variables explain 44.1% of the variation in purchase decisions, while the remaining 55.9% is influenced by other factors outside the research model.