Pharmaceutical packaging plays an important role in maintaining the stability, safety, and effectiveness of drug products during storage and distribution. Drug stability can be affected by various environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, oxygen, and light. Therefore, packaging innovation is a crucial strategy to extend the shelf life of drugs and maintain product quality, especially for sensitive preparations such as injections, transdermal patches, and biologics. This study is a literature review that aims to evaluate the impact of packaging innovation on the physical and chemical stability of pharmaceutical products. This study confirms that packaging selection is not just a technical aspect, but a vital strategy in ensuring pharmaceutical quality. Further research is needed to integrate smart packaging and advanced barrier technologies into modern pharmaceutical distribution systems.

Taxes are the primary source of state revenue, and the Motor Vehicle Tax (PKB) is one of the regional taxes that contributes significantly to Regional Original Revenue (PAD). However, taxpayer compliance in the city of Medan remains suboptimal. This study aims to analyze the effect of awareness and education level on taxpayer compliance in paying motor vehicle taxes in Medan. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a survey technique involving 75 taxpayers. Data analysis includes validity and reliability tests, normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that both awareness and education level have a significant partial effect on taxpayer compliance, supported by significance values less than 0.05. Simultaneously, the two variables also have a significant influence, with an R Square value of 0.471. This means that 47.1% of the variation in taxpayer compliance is explained by awareness and education level. These findings indicate that improving taxpayer awareness and education is a crucial factor in increasing compliance with motor vehicle tax payments in Medan.

The creation of this project is based on the Practice-led Research approach through a practical study of casual fashion design with a focus on “Bromo’s Sand as an Idea Source for Casual Wear Creation”. This creation practice study aims to convey design ideas that can add different types of clothing than before. This creation was based on the beautiful and unique idea source of Bromo’s Sand, which is still very minimal to be used as a source of ideas in fashion making. To achieve the goal of creation, the practical method of creation is used through four stages, namely: exploration, design, realization and presentation. The results of this creation are 2 women's casual outfits and 1 men's casual outfit with manipulating fabric denim slashing attached to clothing using application techniques. The results of the creation were presented in a fashion show event in the courtyard of the Surabaya State University rectorate building with the concept of theatrical fashion show which raised one of the tourist and cultural destinations in the Tengger Tribe area, East Java.

Nanotechnology is the science of present and future, it has different physical, chemical, biological preparation methods, it has many applications in green chemistry, agriculture, industry, electronics, environmental pollution. Gold, silver, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles are among most important particles that have many advantages and uses.

The purpose of the study was to determine whether the implementation of public sector accounting based on the conceptual framework affects the quality of government financial reports. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, which involves identification, evaluation, and interpretation of previous research results. The results showed that the conceptual framework is not only a reference in the preparation of accounting standards, but also directs the implementation of accounting standards that support the improvement of the quality of financial statements despite several obstacles such as human resource competencies and infrastructure..

This study was conducted to understand the impact of profitability, dividend policy, funding decisions and investment decisions on the value of Food and Baverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2021 - 2024. The research method used is quantitative method. The data collection method used is the literature study technique and the official website (bei.go.id). The population studied in this study were all Food and Baverage companies listed on the IDX in 2021-2024. Data collection in this study was carried out using purposive sampling technique, obtained a sample of 108, but the actual sample studied was 101 companies due to the emergence of data with extreme values. The test method in this study uses descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing, namely the f test, t test and coefficient of determination test. The F test gets a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 so that the model is feasible to study. The t test results of this study are profitability and investment decisions affect firm value. This is evidenced by the significance value of 0.000 <0.05. Conversely, dividend policy has no effect on firm value, as evidenced by the t value of 1.283 < t table 1.98498 and a significance value of 0.203> 0.05. Then the funding decision with a t value of 1.914 < t table 1.98498 with a significance value of 0.059 > 0.05 so that the funding decision does not affect the company's value. From the results of the coefficient of determination test, the results are 0.800, which means that the profitability variable, dividend policy, funding decisions and investment decisions in explaining the company's value are 80.0% and the remaining 20.0% is explained by other variables

The rapid development of information and communication technology demands the education sector to strengthen digital literacy, particularly in mastering computer networks. Observations at SMK Taruna Bakti Baturraden revealed that 10th-grade students face difficulties in understanding basic network concepts such as topology, hardware, IP addresses, and the use of Cisco Packet Tracer. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of interactive teaching methods in improving students' understanding. The activities were carried out through stages including observation, module preparation, delivery of interactive materials, and evaluation. The learning process involved participatory presentations, discussions, and hands-on simulations. Evaluation was conducted using quizzes and student reflections. The results showed a significant increase in students' understanding of networking concepts and enthusiasm in learning network technologies. Furthermore, the activity enhanced students' digital literacy through a practical approach and the use of simulation applications. These findings indicate that interactive teaching methods are effective in improving computer network comprehension and can serve as a replicable digital literacy-based learning model in other vocational schools.

Voting at SMK Plus YSB Suryalaya has traditionally been carried out manually, resulting in a time-consuming process that is prone to errors. Therefore, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the election process, an online voting system is needed. This research aims to develop a web-based E-Voting system with a Multi-Vote model, allowing voters to vote for multiple candidates across different election categories. This system is designed to simplify the election process at the school, with features such as candidate registration, voter registration, real-time voting, and automatic processing and tabulation of election results. The system was tested using Black Box Testing to ensure its functionality and security, and the results show that the system performs well and meets user requirements. With this system, it is expected that the election process at SMK Plus YSB Suryalaya can be carried out more efficiently, transparently, and with fewer errors.

The evolution of computer architecture has given rise to two main approaches: RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) and CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer). These architectures differ significantly in terms of instruction design, efficiency, and performance. This study aims to analyze the performance and efficiency of RISC and CISC in the context of computer architecture organization. The methodology includes a literature review, comparative analysis, and performance evaluation based on parameters such as processing speed, power consumption, and design complexity. The results indicate that RISC tends to be more efficient in terms of power consumption and execution speed for simple instructions, while CISC excels in handling complex instructions with fewer lines of code. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the development of modern computer architectures that balance performance and efficiency.

This research aims to examine the impact of renewable energy policies on sustainable economic growth in four emerging countries: China, India, Brazil, and Mexico. The importance of the study comes in light of the global shift towards clean energy, and the efforts of developing countries to achieve a balance between the requirements of economic development and environmental commitments. The study relies on a descriptive analytical approach supported by a comparative method, where the policies adopted in each country are analyzed and compared with the indicators of economic performance and environmental sustainability during the period (2015-2024). The study is based on official data from international institutions such as the World Bank and the International Energy Agency. The results indicate a positive correlation between the intensity of the implementation of renewable energy policies and the achievement of sustainable economic growth, especially in countries that have provided a supportive legislative and institutional environment for investment in this sector. National experiences have also shown varying levels of impact, with China and Brazil recording more stable results thanks to the clarity and continuity of their strategies. The research endorses that renewable energy policies must be integrated with industrial growth, education and technology rules to expand their impact and achieve a more sustainable economic change in emerging countries.