Deli Serdang Regency located in North Sumatra Province has significant economic potential, supported by the agriculture, industry, trade, and service sectors. In recent years, Deli Serdang Regency has experienced fluctuations in its economic growth. This study analyzes the economic growth of Deli Serdang Regency using the Solow-Swan model. Secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2019-2020 accessed through the website https://www.bps.go.id/id analyzed to estimate model parameters. The results show that: (1) the level of savings and investment has a significant effect on economic growth, (2) technology and labor growth play an important role in increasing productivity, and (3) fiscal and monetary policies need to be optimized to increase economic growth. The Solow-Swan model effectively explains the dynamics of economic growth in Deli Serdang Regency.

His research analyzes the halal branding strategy of PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk in supporting global expansion in the international Muslim market. The main focus of the research is on the use of product innovation, halal certification, and local culture-based promotion as strategies to increase competitiveness and loyalty of Muslim consumers. By integrating sharia principles and Islamic business practices, Indofood has successfully expanded its product range to more than 80 countries, including the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. The results show that globally recognized halal certification and product customization to local preferences are the main factors for the success of this strategy. However, challenges such as variations in halal regulations between countries and increasing global competition are still issues that need to be addressed. This study provides recommendations for other multinational companies in optimizing halal branding as a strategic tool to expand the international Muslim market. Keywords : Global expansion, Halal branding, Islamic business strategy, Muslim market, PT Indofood CBP

Introduction: Datafication still plagues Indonesian journalists, especially local ones, skewing news validity and neutrality. Indonesian journalists from 13 local media were surveyed and interviewed for this study. This study relied on several studies that suggest journalists may deliver more accurate, objective, and unbiased news by expanding their datafication capacity. As digital technology advances and social media spreads misinformation, it becomes critical.

Methods: Mixed-methods experimentation and triangulation. Indonesia has 13 native media representing its diversity. Using regional media, this study can illustrate data journalism literacy levels in different locations, including those with differing technology and education. We chose material based on data journalism approaches including data visualization, infographics, and data-driven reporting. This ensures study-relevant respondents.

Findings: Indonesian media's poor data literacy has a big impact. Data-driven journalism in local media is poor due to data analysis incompetence. Access and chances for journalists to develop data skills are major issues. Clearly, formal training is needed. Another factor is local media's focus on reporting speed over data analysis. Lack of technology and institutional support hinders local journalist data literacy projects.

Originality: Previous studies on Indonesian journalists' datafication knowledge and abilities are scarce and fragmented. Despite data journalism's growing popularity in newsrooms and academic status, comprehensive study is needed to define it.

Introduction: The evolution of radio journalism in Indonesia provides critical insights into its historical, technological, cultural, and political significance. As a medium, radio has been a cornerstone of public discourse and democratization, particularly during transformative periods such as the Reform Era. This study examines the evolution and contemporary challenges of radio journalism, with a specific focus on the operational realities of private radio stations in Indonesia.

Methods: This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining in-depth interviews with radio managers and surveys targeting radio station managers. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing the sustainability, quality, and adaptability of radio journalism.

Findings: The findings indicate that increased press freedom has facilitated more diverse and independent journalistic practices. However, the sector faces significant challenges in adapting to the demands of a rapidly evolving media ecosystem. Digital disruption has created an urgent need for multi-platform strategies, yet many stations lack the technical expertise and resources required for full adaptation. Additionally, the scarcity of trained journalists and editorial teams limits the production of high-quality, independent journalism, undermining public trust in radio as a credible medium.

Originality: This study presents a groundbreaking exploration of the evolution of radio journalism in Indonesia, offering a comprehensive perspective that seamlessly intertwines its historical roots with the pressing challenges of the modern media era. By examining the sector’s regulatory and economic pressures, it sheds light on the structural and operational hurdles faced by radio journalism while uncovering innovative strategies for navigating the disruptive forces of digital transformation.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between customer experience, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty at PT Bank Permata Tbk. In an increasingly competitive banking industry, customer experience has become a critical factor influencing customers' perceptions of bank services. A positive experience can enhance customer satisfaction, which ultimately contributes to their loyalty to the banking institution. This research employs a quantitative method using a survey of 100 customers of PT Bank Permata Tbk. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The findings reveal that customer experience has a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction also positively and significantly affects customer loyalty. However, no mediating effect was found of customer satisfaction on the relationship between customer experience and customer loyalty.