This study aims to analyze and determine the influence of brand awareness on partial purchase decisions, the impact of brand image on partial purchase decisions, and the simultaneous influence of brand awareness and brand image on Gen Z purchase decisions on Samsung smartphone products in North Kedoya. The sampling technique is cluster sampling with a total sample of 312 Gen Z respondents domiciled in North Kedoya, and the data collection technique uses a questionnaire distributed online. The research used statistical test instruments, namely, validity test, multicollinearity test, and heterodynes test. The data analysis technique uses Multiple Linear Regression, Classical Assumption Test, T test, F Test, and Coefficient of Determination. The research variables were Brand Awareness (X1), Brand Image (X2), and Purchase Decision (Y). The partial test results showed that brand awareness had a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions, and brand image had a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. The simultaneous test results showed a simultaneous and significant influence between brand awareness and brand image on Gen Z's purchase decisions on Samsung smartphone products in North Kedoya.

This study aims to explore the sustainability of Rumah Susun Sederhana Milik (Rusunami) as a viable housing solution for Low-Income Communities (MBR) in Surabaya. The study adopts a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with residents, management representatives, and local government officials, as well as through field observations. Data analysis was conducted based on the indicators of the Adequate Housing Framework by UN-Habitat, which include secure tenure, affordability, habitability, accessibility, location, and the availability of basic services. The findings reveal that Rusunami is capable of providing affordable housing for MBR with a permanent ownership system, despite facing major challenges such as administrative barriers and low financial literacy. The program has proven to contribute to improving the quality of life of residents and reducing socio-economic inequalities. To ensure long-term sustainability, strategic measures are needed, such as simplifying administrative procedures and enhancing the financial literacy of the community. Development recommendations include improving the administrative system to ensure the program can be accessed by a larger number of MBR optimally.

 One of the most important legal challenges is accusing the Head of Parliament, especially in light of the Republic of Iraq's 2005 Constitution. This fact results from the fact that, because it targets the accusing organization, it is the only constitution administered democratically. Internal regulations will be utilized to establish the legislative authority as he is the head of it, provided that they do not conflict with the provisions of the constitution. The study's goals of identifying, discussing, and resolving the most significant legal concerns in this case—drawing on the Iraqi constitution and the laws that attempt to call all matters relevant to the subject of accusation—thus highlight the study's significance. “especially in light of what the Iraqi constitutional legislator has neglected to address the questioning or dismissal of the Head of the Parliament and the reasons that require that.
 

The Constitutional Court (MK) regarding the Election Law on the presidential and vice presidential nomination threshold. Since the presidential election was held directly, the issue of the threshold for nominating presidential and vice presidential candidates has always surfaced every time a presidential election is held. In 2004, for example, the presidential nomination threshold was 10 percent. This research is a juridical-normative research, namely a process to find legal rules, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues faced. The data was analyzed descriptively-qualitatively.The results of this study indicate that the Constitutional Court Decision Number 74/PUU-XVII/2020 concerning the presidential nomination threshold (Presidential Threshold) is one of the important decisions in the discourse of democracy in Indonesia. The following is an explanation of the Ratio Decidendi of the decision in relation to the concept of democracy: Constitutionality of the Presidential Threshold The Constitutional Court (MK) in its decision emphasized that the presidential threshold or presidential nomination threshold is constitutional. This means that the provisions regarding the threshold do not conflict with the 1945 Constitution. The Constitutional Court is of the opinion that the presidential threshold is an open legal policy (Open Legal Policy) which is the authority of the lawmakers, namely the House of Representatives (DPR) and the President. The purpose of the Presidential Threshold, the Constitutional Court explained that the purpose of the presidential threshold is to simplify the party system and the presidential system, as well as to create government stability. The Ratio Decidendi of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 74/Puu-XXII/2024, Number 87/Puu-XXII/2024, Number 129/Puu-XXI/2023, Number 131/Puu-XXI 2023 concerning the Presidential Nomination Threshold is the Presidential Threshold is constitutional and does not conflict with the principles of democracy.

This research aims to analyze school operational assistance policies towards improving facilities and infrastructure. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research type by descriptively explaining qualitative data taken from various articles. The method used is systematic literature review (SLR). The results of this research show that the procurement of school facilities and infrastructure still requires clear and sufficient funding sources. Where before procuring all the facilities and infrastructure that will be used, you must make a clear plan for the needs and expenditure of money that will be used. Facilities and infrastructure that have been met can be put to good use to support the smooth running of learning and attention must be paid to their maintenance.

This qualitative literature review explores the signaling mechanisms and communication strategies that influence crowdfunding success in entrepreneurial fundraising. By examining the role of social proof, narrative framing, visual signals, and communication strategies, the review identifies key factors that enhance the effectiveness of crowdfunding campaigns. The findings highlight the importance of creating trust, emotional connections, and sustained engagement with backers through transparent and consistent communication. While signaling mechanisms such as social proof and compelling narratives have been shown to increase credibility, the review also emphasizes potential limitations, including cultural biases and resource constraints. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how entrepreneurs can leverage communication strategies to maximize crowdfunding success and offers directions for future research on platform-specific and culturally diverse contexts.

This study aims to design and implement a Village Information System (SID) in Bungko Village, Kotamobagu Selatan District, to improve administrative efficiency and public services. The developed system enables village officials to manage population data, process service requests, and generate financial reports more quickly and organized. Village residents can also access services online, submit requests, and easily monitor the status of their services. The SID implementation uses web-based technology, including PHP, and MySQL, ensuring data security and reliability. The results of this study show that the SID can enhance transparency, efficiency, and accountability in village governance. However, improving technology infrastructure, user training, and integration with other systems are essential for further development. This study is expected to serve as a model for other villages in implementing technology to advance administration and public services.

Akad is an essential element in Islamic economic transactions as it serves as the foundation of the agreement between the involved parties. The underlying principles of Sharia in managing contracts include justice, honesty, equality, and trust, with the aim of creating fair transactions in accordance with Islamic law. This article aims to examine the principles of Sharia in managing contracts and their implementation in various forms of Islamic economic transactions, such as Islamic banking, microfinance, and Shariah compliant capital markets. The qualitative approach is used with normative analysis of classical and contemporary Islamic literature, as well as a review of modern practices. The study's findings indicate that proper Shariah-compliant contract management not only ensures the legality of transactions but also enhances trust and blessings in economic activities. By understanding these principles, it is hoped that the community and economic players can implement contracts more wisely and responsibly.

This qualitative literature review examines the influence of index fund ownership on share recall behavior and proxy voting outcomes. Index funds, as passive investors with substantial ownership stakes, have significant power in corporate governance, especially through their voting decisions. Although typically less involved in shareholder activism, their voting behavior can shape corporate outcomes, providing stability in governance. However, the review also highlights concerns about the lack of active scrutiny over management decisions, potentially leading to suboptimal outcomes in companies with weak governance structures. The review compares findings from various studies, emphasizing the evolving role of index funds in corporate governance and their impact on shareholder value. It also discusses the limitations of existing literature and calls for future research to explore the behavior of different types of index funds, as well as the potential influence of ESG factors on corporate decision-making.

This study aims to analyze the strategic role of Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) in providing leasing based sharia financing (ijarah) and ventura capital (mudharabah and musyarakah) for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. BMT functions as a microfinance institution that provides solutions to the capital challenges faced by MSMEs, including lack of access to conventional financing and low sharia financial literacy. Through the leasing scheme, BMT facilitates the rental of assets needed by MSMEs without requiring large initial capital. Meanwhile, the venture capital scheme allows BMT to share risks and profits with MSME actors, encouraging strategic collaboration. This study also discusses the challenges of implementing sharia financing by BMT, including the low public understanding of sharia products. With a descriptive literature approach, this study finds that BMT has significant potential in increasing financial inclusion and encouraging the sustainability of the sharia economy in Indonesia.