Nutritional knowledge is knowledge about food and nutrients, sources of nutrients in food, food that is safe to consume so that it does not cause disease and how to process food properly so that the nutrients in food are not lost and how to live healthily. One of the factors that influences eating patterns is the level of nutritional knowledge. A person's level of nutritional knowledge influences eating behavior in choosing food which determines whether it is easy for a person to understand the benefits of the nutritional content of the food consumed. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between nutritional knowledge and instant noodle eating patterns among Papuan students at Halu Oleo University. This research uses quantitative research and the type of research is observational analytics with a cross sectional design. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a poor level of nutritional knowledge (75%), while only 25% of respondents had high nutritional knowledge. This shows that even though students are in a higher education environment, their knowledge about nutrition still needs to be improved. Most respondents (52%) consume instant noodles 2-3 times a week, with the main reasons being ease of preparation (65%) and affordable price (20%). This consumption is more dominant among students who live in boarding houses or dormitories compared to those who live with their families. It is hoped that this research will be useful for subjects to balance their eating patterns and have self-control because the majority of subjects have uncontrolled eating patterns due to living in boarding houses or dormitories so that their body health continues to be maintained. Apart from that, subjects can also pay more attention to nutritional balance in consuming food in order to achieve optimal nutritional status.
 

This study addresses the legal responsibility of carriers for the loss or damage of goods during road transportation, as stipulated in Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Traffic and Road Transportation (UU LLAJ). Article 193 of UU LLAJ obliges carriers to provide compensation for any loss incurred during transportation, except in cases of force majeure or third-party negligence. The study also explores the application of breach of contract (wanprestasi) and strict liability principles as the legal foundation for carrier accountability. However, the practical implementation of these regulations often faces challenges, including unclear contractual clauses on liability, difficulties in proving carrier negligence, and slow or inefficient dispute resolution mechanisms. To address these issues, the study proposes strategic measures such as regulatory revisions to clarify carrier liability boundaries, the establishment of standardized transportation contracts, enhanced legal education for stakeholders, strengthened non-litigation mechanisms like mediation and the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK), and the optimization of insurance to mitigate risks. These recommendations aim to foster a more efficient, reliable, and legally protective transportation system for all stakeholders involved.

This research examines the role of Indonesian Notary Position Regulations (UUJN) in enhancing integrity and professionalism within the notarial profession in Indonesia. The study adopts a normative legal research methodology, integrating both statutory and conceptual approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulatory frameworks governing notarial practice. Primary objectives include analyzing the impact of current regulations on notarial standards, identifying implementation challenges, and developing recommendations for regulatory enhancement. The research findings demonstrate that while the UUJN serves as a crucial foundation for professional notarial practice, several significant challenges persist in its implementation. These challenges encompass technological adaptation requirements, increasing transaction complexity, and the need for stronger oversight mechanisms. Analysis reveals opportunities for regulatory refinement to address emerging professional demands while maintaining high standards of integrity. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing comprehensive insights into the relationship between regulatory frameworks and professional excellence in notarial practice. The findings lead to specific recommendations for regulatory enhancement, including strengthening supervisory mechanisms, developing continuous professional development programs, and harmonizing standards with international best practices. These recommendations aim to foster a more robust and adaptable notarial profession in Indonesia while maintaining its fundamental role in ensuring legal certainty and protection for society.

The resolution of cases solved by maramba against the people or faced with various legal, social, cultural, and economic obstacles. Limited access to law enforcement and low legal knowledge make victims reluctant to seek justice. The research used is empirical legal research or empirical juridical research. Data collection for this research is interviews, observations and document studies. The data to be collected is then processed using the observation method. The results of the study show that the choice of customary resolution that prioritizes reconciliation also makes cases rarely processed through formal law. Economic dependence on maramba further weakens the position of ata. Violations committed by maramba (king) against the ata (lower) people in Rindi District, East Sumba, can be resolved through two channels: criminal law and customary law. Criminally, tournaments are regulated in Article 351 of the Criminal Code and can be reported to the authorities. However, people more often choose customary resolution through mediation by traditional elders (rato) who emphasize compensation or peace rituals. Social inequality, maramba dominance, economic dependence, and cultural pressure make it difficult for the ata people to fight back. They are reluctant to report because they are afraid, do not understand the law, and believe more in customary resolutions which are considered to maintain social harmony.

Default, or breach of contract, is a common problem in business transactions and can have significant impacts, both financially and non-financially. This article analyzes the various forms of default, such as failure to fulfill obligations, delays, or non-performance in accordance with the agreement. The impact of default is not only directly related to financial losses—for example through fines or damages—but can also damage business relationships and the company's reputation. Therefore, good contract design is very important in reducing this risk. Effective contract design should include clear clauses regarding obligations, deadlines, and sanctions that apply in the event of a breach. Penalty clauses are often used to provide incentives for the parties involved to fulfill their obligations. Furthermore, in the context of globalization and international transactions, it is important for contracts to include clear dispute resolution mechanisms, such as mediation or arbitration, to avoid escalation of problems. This article aims to provide practical guidance for companies in designing contracts that not only reduce the risk of default, but also ensure the sustainability of mutually beneficial business relationships. With a thorough understanding of legal risks and the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures, companies can maintain smooth operations and prevent major losses due to default.
 
Keywords : Default, Breach Of Contract, Contract Drafting, ,, , Mediation, Arbitration, Corporate Reputation, Risk Management.

This study aims to analyze the criminal law liability of the perpetrators in the case of corruption in the procurement of red onion seeds in Malaka Regency based on four decisions of the Kupang District Court: Decision of the KUPANG District Court Number 39 / Pid.Sus-TPK / 2023 / PN Kpg, Decision of the KUPANG District Court Number 40 / Pid.Sus-TPK / 2023 / PN Kpg, Decision of the KUPANG District Court Number 41 / Pid.Sus-TPK / 2023 / PN Kpg, and Decision of the KUPANG District Court Number 42 / Pid.Sus-TPK / 2023 / PN Kpg. This study uses a normative legal approach supported by empirical data through interviews with advocates, prosecutors, and judges. The results of the study indicate that the elements in Article 3 of Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 has been cumulatively fulfilled in this case, namely the abuse of authority, state financial losses, and benefits for oneself or others. The application of the article to all defendants is considered legally valid, but in practice it does not fully reflect substantive justice because the roles and levels of involvement are not distinguished proportionally. The judge's decision and the prosecutor's indictment are considered consistent in normative aspects,but still leave challenges in terms of assessing the burden of proof and classification of criminal responsibility. This finding recommends the importance of evaluating the criminalization system, strengthening the capacity of procurement officials, and updating policies that distinguish between administrative errors and criminal acts of corruption.

This study aims to analyze the potential of superior commodities in North Tapanuli Regency, especially pineapple commodities, using the Location Quotient (LQ) method. North Tapanuli Regency is known to have abundant agricultural resources, but not all of them have been optimized for export purposes. In this study, secondary data in the form of GRDP in 2024 from BPS was used as the basis for calculating LQ to identify the base sector. The results of the study showed that of several agricultural sub-sectors, pineapple fruit commodities had the highest LQ value of 7.89, which indicated that pineapple has a comparative advantage and is very potential to be developed as an export product. To support the development of this commodity, a SWOT analysis was conducted on two main processed products, namely pineapple dodol and pineapple chips. This analysis shows that pineapple is not only superior in terms of production quantity, but also has great potential to be developed into high value-added products. These findings provide an important contribution to the strategy for developing local commodities that are export-oriented and support sustainable regional economic development.
 

This study aims to understand the influence of content marketing and influencer marketing on otak-otak purchasing decisions in Bintan Regency. The method used is a quantitative survey with online data collection via Google Form to 59 respondents aged 15-40 years who have consumed otak-otak in the area. Data were analyzed using SPSS software based on consumer behavior theory and the AIDA model, which focuses on how content and influencers can influence purchasing interest.The results of the study show that content marketing and influencer marketing significantly influence otak-otak purchasing decisions. Interesting content and trust in influencers can increase consumer interest and desire to buy the product. This finding shows the importance of the right digital marketing strategy in supporting local MSMEs to be able to compete and increase sales of regional products.However, this study has limitations in small samples and is limited to certain areas, so the results do not represent the entire population of otak-otak consumers in Bintan Regency. However, this study provides a practical contribution for MSME actors and local marketers to design more effective and targeted digital marketing strategies. Academically, this study enriches the study of digital marketing and consumer behavior in the local food industry.

This study aims to analyze the regulation of residence permit services for foreign citizens after the stipulation of the regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights number 22 of 2023 concerning visas and residence permits. This research is a normative research supported by field research and literature research using primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials collected using documentation techniques or literature studies and processed and analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the study show that (1) Synchronization of foreigner residence permit arrangements between Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration, Government Regulation Number 31 of 2013 concerning Implementation Regulations of Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration and  Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 22 of 2023 concerning Visas and Residence Permits It is important to create legal certainty and the effectiveness of the implementation of rules (2) Factors that cause Foreign Citizens to exceed the limit of Residence Permit in Indonesia, namely Legal Awareness Factors and Legal Compliance Factors.

According to Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of emotional mental disorders in Indonesia at the age of ≥15 years is 9.8%, and most cases are not detected or treated adequately. This shows the urgency of interventions that are not only curative, but also promotive and preventive (Yuliani & Rahman, 2022). Moreover, adolescents are often reluctant to be open about their psychological conditions because they are afraid of being stigmatized by their surroundings (Nugroho & Lestari, 2021). The purpose of this study was to analyze the Effect of Community-Based Mental Health Education on the Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescents in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. This type of research is a quantitative study with a pre-experimental design using a one group pre-test and post-test design approach. The population in this study were all adolescents aged 13–18 years as many as 38 adolescents who participated in the entire series of educational programs analyzed using the paired t-test statistical test to see the differences before and after the educational program. Research Results Based on the results of education, there is a significance value <0.05 indicating that there is a statistically significant difference in knowledge and attitudes before and after the education program is given. Therefore, the alternative hypothesis is accepted, namely that there is a significant influence of community-based mental health education programs on adolescent knowledge and attitudes. There is an Influence of Community-Based Mental Health Education on Adolescent Knowledge and Attitudes in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency, Sumatra Province.