This research is classroom action research that aims to improve the learning outcomes of Integrated Social Sciences through the application of differentiated learning in grade VII students of UPT SMPN Satap Pulo Bembe No. 29 Selayar Islands. The subject of this study is a student of grade VII UPT SMPN Satap Pulo Bembe No. 29 with a total of 12 students consisting of 7 male students and 5 female students. This research was carried out in two cycles, namely cycle I which was carried out 3 meetings (the first and second meetings for the learning process and the third meeting for Integrated Social Studies learning outcome assessment activities) and cycle II was also carried out 3 meetings. The two cycles were carried out for 2 months plus summarizing all existing research results. The results of the study show that the application of differentiated learning has succeeded in significantly improving student learning outcomes. In the first cycle, 50% of students have not reached the completion score, but in the second cycle, the number of students who did not complete the score decreased drastically to only 8%, while the number of students who achieved the completion score increased to 92%. This shows that differentiated learning is effective in overcoming academic gaps between students and improving their achievement of learning outcomes. In addition to improving learning outcomes, differentiated learning has also been proven to be effective in increasing student activity. In the first cycle, the average student activity only reached 68%, showing that even though some students are already active, there are still many who lack participation. After the implementation of a more optimal differentiated learning strategy in cycle II, student activity increased significantly to 87%. This shows that the differentiated learning approach not only helps students in understanding the material, but also increases their engagement in the learning process. The application of differentiated learning in cycle II resulted in a significant increase in learning outcomes and student activity, which shows the success of this strategy in meeting the diverse learning needs of students.

This study aims to analyze the role of the Bestari learning community in enhancing the pedagogical competence of teachers at SMKN Campalagian, Luyo District, Polewali Mandar Regency. This qualitative research uses a descriptive approach. The subjects of the study include the head of the learning community, the school principal, two IPAS subject teachers, and two vocational subject teachers who are also members of the Bestari community. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, while data analysis involved data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results show that the Bestari learning community significantly contributes to improving teachers' pedagogical competence. Through intensive collaboration, relevant training, and deep reflection, teachers have become more confident and innovative in addressing educational challenges. Strategic solutions, such as fostering collaboration, promoting the use of technology, and strengthening the community’s role, helped overcome the challenges teachers faced in the classroom. This initiative not only bolstered teachers’ ability to design and implement effective teaching strategies but also empowered them to adapt to changes in the educational landscape, significantly improving their overall pedagogical skills.

Leishmaniasis is recognized as a significant health concern in Iraq. The disease begins with minor elevations (papules) and progresses into ulcers. Epidemiological investigations play a crucial role in managing and implementing effective preventive strategies for this disease. This study examines the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iraq over the past 7 years. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional inquiry analyzed data concerning patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis over the previous 7 years at the Iraq Health Center. Demographic and epidemiological data of the patients were collected from healthcare centers in Iraq through collaborative efforts with healthcare facilities. Using SPSS software, epidemiological records of the patients were extracted and subjected to statistical analysis employing the chi-square test. Out of 175 patients examined, 88 were male (53%), and 87 were female (47%). The majority of patients belonged to the age bracket of 9 months to 4 years, with the lowest number of cases in the age group of 40 to 49 years. Mainly, the manifestations of the disease were observed on the facial region and limbs. Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation was observed between age groups and the type of leishmaniasis (P > 0.05), as well as between gender and the type of leishmaniasis (P > 0.05). According to the conducted analysis, the prevalence of the disease in Iraq showed a declining trend from 2008 to 2014. This reduction in the disease incidence can be attributed to the improvement in health education status and the adherence to personal hygiene practices among the population

This study aims to analyze the community's preparedness in facing natural disasters in Tegaltirto Village through indicators that include preparedness, vulnerability, and social resilience. Based on data collected through surveys and field observations in several hamlets, the analysis is conducted using data on preparedness values, vulnerability, and social resilience to provide an overview of how ready the community is to face natural disasters. The results of this study are expected to provide recommendations for improving community preparedness for natural disasters and contribute to disaster mitigation planning in the field of civil engineering.
 

Origanum majorana demonstrates a broad spectrum of effectiveness against various diseases, exerting antimicrobial effects against different pathogenic microorganisms. The goals of this research are to provide light on how Origanum majorana extract inhibits human pathogenic bacteria, how it may prevent biofilm development, and how it affects bacterial adhesion. The antibacterial activity of the water-based Origanum majorana extract was assessed in this research using two different methodologies. "Antibiotics were compared to its effectiveness using an agar-well diffusion assay and disc diffusion method," the first step. Additionally, the extract's ability to inhibit biofilm formation and bacterial adherence was assessed through specialized tests. All bacterial isolates of Gram negative, Gram-positive bacterial types were sensitive to Origanum majorana extract and the range of inhibition zone (30 to 24) mm. Although floxacin was effective against some of these isolates, the majority of them were resistant. Most bacterial Gram negative types were exhibit moderate adherence and biofilm activity to this extracts and some bacterial isolated of bacteria were exhibit high adherence and biofilm activity to the watery extracts of Origanum majorana. This research confirms previous findings that Origanum majorana extracts are very effective against a wide variety of clinical isolates of bacteria, including Gram-negative as well as Gram-positive varieties. Notably, the extracts were found to be more effective than commercially available antibiotics. Furthermore, the extracts displayed significant inhibition of bacterial adherence and biofilm formation. Based on these findings, Origanum majorana extracts have great promise as an effective antibacterial and anti-biofilm agent.

The lack of interest in reading among students results in a lack of ideas and opinions in arguing innovatively and creatively which is evident in assignment presentations and producing works. This journal uses a library research method by utilizing articles, journals, books, and internet access as sources. This journal aims to determine the impact of the lack of interest in reading among students, the impact of low interest in reading among students and how to increase interest in reading among teenagers. The results obtained in this study are the impact of low interest in reading among students can affect their lack of ability in mastering the field of science and how to increase interest in reading among students improve library services in schools and the community environment the availability of reading materials allows each person to choose what suits their interests and interests. The conclusion of this study is that the impact of the lack of interest in reading among students can affect the progress of the nation and its human resources.

The Quranic recitation (Khataman Al-Qur'an) at the cemetery on the night of Friday Legi in Montorna Village, Pasong-Songan, Sumenep, reflects the close relationship between culture and society as the foundation of civilization. This study aims to comprehensively reveal how the tradition of Quranic recitation at the cemetery on the night of Friday Legi demonstrates the integration of religious and social aspects in the life of the Montorna community. This research adopts a qualitative method with a descriptive and phenomenological approach. The study finds that the tradition of Quranic recitation functions not only as a means of enhancing the community's spirituality but also as a platform for social interaction that strengthens relationships among residents. The implication of this study emphasizes the importance of understanding local traditions to reinforce the religious and social values of the community, as well as how traditions can serve as a medium for maintaining and strengthening social cohesion within society.

This research was conducted at PKBM Berdikari Surakarta and focuses on the self-confidence levels of package A students, as self-confidence is very important for the learning process of students, especially at the elementary school level. The self-confidence of students is crucial for their personal and academic progress, influencing their ability to interact with others and develop their own potential. These findings highlight the need for environmental support to enhance students' self-confidence in both academic and social contexts.

Breast self-examination (BSE) is learning to see and examine your own breasts every month (Rasjidi, 2021). The main goal of BSE is to find breast cancer at an early stage so that treatment can be better. Lack of understanding or lack of information about breast cancer and steps to prevent early detection causes many women to be less or less interested in having this examination. Breast cancer is the cancer with the second highest prevalence after cervical cancer in Central Java in 2021, namely cervical cancer at 1.2% or the equivalent of 19,734 people and breast cancer at 0.7% or the equivalent of 11,511 people. Based on the preliminary study conducted, the results showed that of the 10 questions about BSE at SMA 5 Tegal, 6 out of 10 respondents answered that they did not know or had a low understanding of BSE, while the other 4 respondents indicated sufficient understanding about BSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate SMA 5 Tegal students' understanding of the importance of breast self-examination (BSE) in early detection of breast cancer. The research method that will be used in this research is a quantitative approach with a cross sectional design. The population of this research was 117 female students of SMA 5 Tegal class XI (adolescent girls), with sampling using the total sample. The results of this research show that the majority of respondents have a good understanding of BSE, namely 89 respondents (76.1%), where this respondent's understanding is obtained from good knowledge about BSE, knowing the correct BSE examination techniques.

Thel delath pelnalty has beleln a folrm olf punishmelnt sincel ancielnt timels and has belcolmel an intelnsel colnvelrsatioln amolng elxpelrts belcausel olf thel colntradictolry valuels helld by its suppolrtelrs and olppolnelnts. This study appliels a nolrmativel lelgal relselarch approlach tol asselss thel implelmelntatioln olf thel delath pelnalty in colrruptioln casels frolm thel pelrspelctivel olf human rights proltelctioln. In this study, thel data analysis melthold useld was qualitativel data analysis with a delscriptivel approlach. Thel usel olf thel delath pelnalty as a sanctioln folr colrruptioln is thel molst elxtrelmel folrm olf punishmelnt folr pelrpeltratolrs olf such crimels, belcausel it invollvels taking livels as a relsult olf thelir actiolns. Thel applicatioln olf thel delath pelnalty is colnsidelreld tol viollatel human rights, as stateld in articlels 28A and 28I olf thel 1945 Colnstitutioln, Articlel 4 and Articlel 9 olf Law Nol. 39 olf 1999, and articlel 3 olf thel UDHR. Thel implelmelntatioln olf thel delath pelnalty in colrruptioln casels sparkeld delbatel frolm a human rights pelrspelctivel. Solmel arguel that such melasurels arel colntrary tol human rights, particularly thel right tol lifel.