The aim of this comparative study is to identify the criminal responsibility for extremism through electronic means in modern legislation for which the researcher used the comparative analytical method. The research problem is centred on the statement of the objective provisions of criminal responsibility for the crime of extremism through electronic means in both Iraqi law and comparative laws. The study relied on a number of primary and secondary references both past and present to collect legal information. The study concluded a number of the most important results, namely that extremism using electronic means is the aggression emanating from pirates using electronic means with the aim of disrupting security and public order and extorting the authorities by seizing public and private funds and damaging property. Results also show that the competent court in considering the crime of extremism using electronic means is the State Security Court in Iraqi law, and we see the Iraqi legislator in the Iraqi Constitution of 2005 was unique in reducing the penalty until amnesty for those who provide information about cyber attacks. The study recommended that there should be a clear text for the crime to define the electronic means as per the Iraqi legislator, while the modern legislations came in conjunction and close to the Jordanian legislator, as well as the French law, the Algerian and Egyptian legislator. The study also recommends that the Iraqi legislator follow the example of the Jordanian legislator in issuing a special law for electronic crimes and contain the text of criminalising the crime of cyber extremism. The study also stresses the need for judges to have sufficient knowledge of electronic means and the Internet in order to consider cases in this regard by preparing courses for them and all those working in the field of combating cyber extremism crimes. This is particularly true since the threat is carried out through the Internet and electronic means.

The halal industry, particularly halal fashion, has become a global trend, including in Indonesia, which has the largest Muslim population. This study aims to analyze the impact of Lifestyle, Islamic Branding, and Social Media Marketing on the purchase interest of pashmina hijabs among students at the University of Trunojoyo Madura. The method used is descriptive quantitative with data collection through online questionnaires to 100 students. The results show that Lifestyle has a significant positive impact on purchase interest (coefficient 0.444), while Islamic Branding has a positive but not significant impact (coefficient 0.039). Social Media Marketing also has a positive and significant impact on purchase interest (coefficient 0.367). Simultaneously, the three variables significantly influence, with a contribution of 33,1%. These findings suggest that improving Lifestyle and Social Media Marketing can enhance purchase interest, while Islamic Branding does not have a significant impact.

The common problems faced by students include feeling bored, lacking concentration, and being unmotivated in learning due to the lack of collaboration among students and monotonous learning activities. Therefore, this study aims to implement ice-breaking techniques in Islamic Religious Education to improve students' learning outcomes. This research was conducted using Classroom Action Research (CAR) with two cycles, each consisting of two meetings. Each cycle followed four stages: Planning, Implementation, Observation, and Reflection. Data collection techniques included tests in the form of questions and non-test techniques such as interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation. Based on the results of the Classroom Action Research, it was concluded that the implementation of ice-breaking techniques in Islamic Religious Education positively influenced students' learning motivation, leading to improved learning outcomes among fifth-grade students at UPT SPF SD Inpres Perumnas 1 Makassar. The study results showed that in the pre-test, the students' average score was 68.9 (Low), with six students achieving mastery, resulting in a 30% mastery level (Low). In the first cycle, applying the ice-breaking technique to students' understanding of Islamic Religious Education resulted in an average test score of 79 (Moderate), with 13 students achieving mastery, reaching a 65% mastery level (Low). In the second cycle, the implementation of ice-breaking techniques led to an improvement in students' learning outcomes, with an average score of 89.6 (High), and 18 students achieving mastery, reaching a 90% mastery level (High). The success indicators in this study, using the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, demonstrated an improvement in students' understanding, as evidenced by the increase in mastery learning percentages from the pre-test, first cycle, and second cycle, ultimately reaching 80% of the total number of fifth-grade students as the final learning achievement.

This qualitative research delves into Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day, focusing on the themes of time and memory and their profound impact on personal and familial identities. Set against the historical backdrop of Old Delhi and the partition of India, the novel explores how time both destroys and preserves, while memory serves as a key element in shaping characters’ psychological experiences and relationships. Through a close textual analysis, the study investigates how Desai intertwines these themes to highlight emotional struggles, alienation, and eventual reconciliation. Drawing on the philosophical insights of T.S. Eliot, who portrays time as both a “Destroyer and Preserver,” the research explores how these forces influence character development and the evolution of family dynamics. The findings underscore the significance of time and memory in the process of emotional healing and self-reconciliation, providing a deeper understanding of the novel’s psychological and thematic complexities.

Sabrang Hamlet in Purwosari Village has significant potential for SME development, especially in bamboo crafts. This community service activity aims to provide insights and skills to SME actors in developing businesses through product innovation and digital marketing strategies. The implementation method was conducted through face-to-face counseling and technical guidance assisted by Untidar KKN students. The activity was held on January 19, 2025, at the Purwosari Village KKN Team Post with a total of 27 participants. The activity results showed three main SMEs with development spirit: 'Happy Snack', 'Snack Teteh', and 'Box of Story'. The KKN team provided assistance in the form of logo creation, business registration, creating Google Maps locations, and digital marketing optimization through social media platforms such as TikTok Shop, Facebook, and Instagram.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Green Human Resources Management and Green Innovation on Business Sustainability. The Green Human Resources Management approach includes recruitment, training, performance appraisal, and compensation practices oriented towards environmental conservation. Meanwhile, green innovation focuses on the development of environmentally friendly products, processes, and business models. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with a total of 100 respondents. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire after testing validity and reliability. The analysis in this study employs SEM-PLS. The results indicate that Green Human Resources Management does not have an effect on Business Sustainability. In contrast, Green Innovation has a significant positive effect on Business Sustainability. The implementation of enhanced green innovation has been proven to increase operational efficiency and strengthen the company's image as an environmentally conscious business. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating human resource management and environmentally friendly innovation to achieve better business sustainability

The CRISPR-Cas9 technique is a contemporary technology that has transformed the process of genetic modification, allowing scientists to target genomes in living organisms with precision and simplicity. Numerous practical applications of significant importance, including the introduction of new genes into living cells, are facilitated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system's advanced level of gene targeting, precision, and simplicity of use. An enigmatic process involving repeated DNA sequences in E. coli initiated the emergence of this CRISPR-Cas9 mechanism. After observing this phenomenon in bacteria, scientists initiated an investigation into its function. It was noted that E. coli employs it as a self-defence mechanism against bacteriophage attacks and plasmids. CRISPR-Cas9, a novel method for genetic modification, was created as a result of this investigation. This system has been re-engineered by scientists to be more broadly applicable, allowing for the modification of the genetic code of virtually any organism, surpassing the scope of self-defence. The CRISPR-Cas9 system-based gene editing mechanisms have the potential to produce substantial results that were previously difficult to achieve. Nevertheless, the question of genetic modification through the application of this technology prompts debates and demands for the resolution of the ethical, social, and legal issues that are associated with its application. The potential applications of the CRISPR-Cas9 system are seemingly boundless.

The present study was aimed at gaining knowledge about the type of pathogen responsible for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) infections and evaluating the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against Candida spp. antibiotic resistance. 112 samples were taken from infected women with VVC of different ages from September to December 2024. All specimens were collected from Al Hussein Teaching Hospital/ Al- Thiqar- governorate. The results showed that 67 (59.82%) of all cases had positive results for Candida spp., while 45 (40.18%) had negative results. Candida spp. Isolated from VVC were C. albicans, the most prevalent 33 (49.26%), C. glabrata, 12 (17.91%), C. krusi and C. kefyr, 9 (13.43%), and C. guilliermondii, 4 (6.90%). The antifungal sensitivity of the pathogenic Candida spp. was tested against five types of antifungals, and the results showed the highest resistance to ketoconazole was 66 (98.51%) of Candida spp. Because of the presence of these physiologically active chemicals, Zizyphus spina-christi L. exhibits antimicrobial capabilities. In this study, the main aim is to study the antifungal activity of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract on some resistant candida and conduct analysis to confirm that the Ziziphus spina-christi leaves have phytochemical contents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to find the bioactive components present in extracts of Z. spina-christi leaves. Finally, we decided the inhibitory activity of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves extract. The extract of Ziziphus spina-christi had alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, tannic acid, and terpenoids, according to a preliminary phytochemical screen. In addition, GC-MS analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of many beneficial chemicals. The extract showed promising antimicrobial activity for Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. glabrata,C. krusi , C. kefyr, and C. guilliermondii)  . These results show that the Ziziphus spina-christi leaves extract is a valuable resource for bioactive chemicals with potential uses in a variety of biological contexts.

Pronunciation is one of the determiner aspects in English as it can change the meaning of the words and sentences. This research discusses the analysis of errors in the pronunciation of triphthongs in words and sentences in English. The research was aimed to know the types of triphthongs often mispronounced in the pronunciation of words and sentences in English among second semester students in class A of Speaking for workplace communication lecture at English study program of Madiun State Polytechnic. The quantitative were used after being collected from the assignments and pronunciation tests for several words and sentences containing triphthongs during the research. The research results are described in percentages. The diphthong errors that students often make are //a?? /= 34.6%, /a?? /= 31.8%, /??? /= 20%, /???/= 9%, and /e??/= 4.6%. Errors that occurred in the classification of substitutions = 43.64%, insertions = 32.73%, and omissions = 23.63%. The errors occur due to the influence of inter-language and intra-language factors of the students.

Bandung Regency, which is experiencing overcapacity in landfills, has implemented a waste management solution involving the separation of organic and inorganic waste. Inorganic waste, which is notoriously difficult to decompose, has prompted the Bandung Regency government to adopt a community-focused approach to waste management, establishing waste banks in school-age communities. However, the project has encountered challenges, as evidenced by the fact that some schools have implemented waste banks but have not been actively engaged in their operations. This has led to the project's suboptimal implementation in Bandung Regency schools.The objective of this study is to identify the challenges associated with the inactivity of waste banks in Bandung Regency schools, as perceived by students and administrators.The study utilises the triple drivers of ecopreneurship, focusing on the economic, social, and environmental benefits of school waste banks. This research employs a mixed methods approach, utilising both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The quantitative approach involves the administration of surveys to students, followed by data processing using descriptive statistics. The qualitative method involves conducting interviews with administrators, and the data is processed using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings of the research indicate that the implementation of a waste bank for the management of inorganic waste in a school environment is positively received by the school, despite the presence of obstacles related to waste collection sites, socialisation among students, and differences between administrators and students regarding the most significant focus or choice for implementing waste banks in schools.It is anticipated that the research results will contribute to the understanding of inorganic waste management in waste banks that are less active in the school environment. The study thus recommends further research in schools that are routine or active in waste bank implementation activities, with a view to describing overall information about the implementation of school waste banks, especially in schools in Bandung Regency with school waste bank projects.