Fertilizer is an important factor in increasing the growth and yield of chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.). The selection of the right type of fertilizer greatly determines productivity and environmental sustainability in the long term. This study aims to analyze the differences between chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers in chili plant cultivation, including plant growth, yields, and their impact on soil fertility. The method used is a literature review by examining various previous studies that discuss the effectiveness of both types of fertilizers. The results of the analysis show that chemical fertilizers provide faster growth and higher yields in the short term because their nutrients are more easily absorbed by plants. However, excessive use can cause soil degradation, decreased organic matter content, and environmental pollution. In contrast, organic fertilizers work more slowly, but are able to increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, and support the balance of agricultural ecosystems in the long term. The combination of chemical and organic fertilizers has proven to be the best strategy in increasing chili productivity while maintaining soil health. Therefore, balanced fertilization with the right dose is highly recommended to ensure optimal harvest results without damaging the environment.

Particularly in tropical nations like Indonesia and Malaysia, oil palm plantations have grown to be a significant economic sector worldwide. Although these plantations offer substantial economic advantages, there are a number of environmental effects associated with their growth that must be taken into account. The ecological effects of oil palm plantations, such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and air and land pollution, are covered in this article. It also covers mitigation techniques, such the use of sustainable farming methods, ecosystem poisoning, and ecosystem restoration, to strike a balance between financial gains and environmental extinction. Without compromising its financial gains, the palm oil sector may grow in a more ecologically responsible way with the correct strategy.

The development of social media is currently very rapid and diverse, such as Whatsapp, YouTube. The existence of social media, especially among young people, has given rise to a diversity of uses and images of the identities of its users. Based on the background above, the following problem formulation arises, How do teenagers behave in interpreting the social media Instagram within themselves. And how is the use of Instagram social media in forming self-identity related to social interaction in society. In this discussion the theory used is symbolic interaction theory, where this theory focuses its attention on the ways humans use to shape the meaning and structure of society through conversation. Quoted from George Herbert Mead Symbolic interaction is a theory about how to think about the mind and self. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation and literature study. Research subjects were selected (purposively) based on the characteristics of being active users, having more than one account, aged 16-18 years, and consisting of men and women. The research results show that there is diversity in the use of social media, this can be seen from the initial use, patterns of use and the technology used. Then there are various meanings regarding the existence of social media for users, including those related to themselves, family, studies, hobbies, community and work. After that, there are various meanings regarding the self-identity of social media users, and identity construction on social media is carried out through the process of interaction in using social media.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between environmental performance, environmental disclosure, and leverage on profitability in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2019-2023. Profitability is measured using Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). The data used in this study were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 with the Classical Assumption Test, Determination Coefficient Test, T test and F test to test the significance of the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of the T test show that environmental performance and leverage have a significant effect on profitability with a significance value <0.05, while environmental disclosure is .0.05 which means it is not significant. In addition, the F test shows that simultaneously, environmental performance, environmental disclosure, and leverage have a significant positive effect on profitability, with a significance value of 0.000 ? 0.05. Based on these results, the fourth hypothesis proposed in this study is accepted. This study provides implications that companies that pay attention to environmental performance and transparency in disclosing environmental information can increase their profitability, and proper leverage management also contributes to the company's financial sustainability. These findings are important for company management and investors to consider environmental sustainability aspects in strategic decision making.Keywords: Environmental Performance, Environmental Disclosure, Leverage, ProfitabilyThis study aims to analyze the relationship between environmental performance, environmental disclosure, and leverage on profitability in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2019-2023. Profitability is measured using Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). The data used in this study were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 with the Classical Assumption Test, Determination Coefficient Test, T test and F test to test the significance of the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of the T test show that environmental performance and leverage have a significant effect on profitability with a significance value <0.05, while environmental disclosure is .0.05 which means it is not significant. In addition, the F test shows that simultaneously, environmental performance, environmental disclosure, and leverage have a significant positive effect on profitability, with a significance value of 0.000 ? 0.05. Based on these results, the fourth hypothesis proposed in this study is accepted. This study provides implications that companies that pay attention to environmental performance and transparency in disclosing environmental information can increase their profitability, and proper leverage management also contributes to the company's financial sustainability. These findings are important for company management and investors to consider environmental sustainability aspects in strategic decision making.

Language plays a crucial role in communication as it occurs in every individual's or group's interaction. When visiting a country that speaks a foreign language, it is essential to effectively communicate in that language. This research studied international students who qualified to study abroad yet still experienced some language barriers while living in Australia. This study aims to find what are the types, effects, and their strategy to prevent the language barrier they experienced. A qualitative approach was applied in this research and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 3 Indonesian students who study in Australia. The result shows that the types of language barriers faced by the participants were: technical jargon, badly expressed message, and unclarified assumptions. Then, confusion was the primary impact of the language barrier on each interviewee. Lastly, the strategies they used to prevent the language barrier were: speaking slowly and clearly, asking for clarification, frequently checking for understanding, and being patient. In addition, it is suggested that international students find out more about the culture through local television movies or series so that they become familiar with the local terms.

This research examines the influence of Auditor Experience, Training, and Understanding of the Code of Ethics on Audit Quality at Public Accounting Firms (KAP) in Bekasi. The dependent variable is Audit Quality, while the independent variable consists of Auditor Experience, Training and Understanding of the Code of Ethics.The research used a purposive sampling technique with a survey method, collecting primary data through a 1-5 Likert scale questionnaire. The research sample consisted of 101 respondents from 11 KAPs in Bekasi. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 with the Descriptive Statistical Analysis method, Validity and Reliability Test, Classical Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression Test, and Hypothesis Testing. The research results show that partially, Auditor Experience and Understanding of the Code of Ethics have a significant effect on Audit Quality, while Training does not have a significant effect. Simultaneously, these three variables have a significant effect on Audit Quality.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether profitability, liquidity, and Leverage affect management performance. The population in this study was taken from consumer non-cyclicals issuers listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method and amounted to 90 samples. This study uses secondary data obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange, namely www.idx.co. Then using the Statistical Package for Sciene (SPSS) version 25 as a tool for analyzing. The hypothesis in this study was tested using descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear analysis test, and hypothesis testing. The conclusion of this study states that (1) profitability has no effect on management performance (2) liquidity has a positive effect on management performance (3) Leverage has a positive effect on management performance.

The academic information system is a crucial element in managing academic data in higher education institutions. Universities require an efficient information system to manage student data, faculty, courses, and other academic administration. This study develops an SQLPage-based information system to provide a lightweight and user-friendly web-based solution. SQLPage enables the creation of web applications directly from a MySQL database without requiring complex programming. The research results show that this system can improve the efficiency of academic data management and ease of access to information for users

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced significant security challenges, necessitating robust attack detection mechanisms. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of ten supervised learning algorithms for IoT attack detection and classification, addressing the critical challenge of balancing detection accuracy with practical deployment constraints. Using the CICIoT2023 dataset, encompassing data from 105 IoT devices and 33 attack types, we evaluate Naive Bayes, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Logistic Regression (LR), k-NN, XGBoost, Random Forest (RF), LightGBM, GRU, LSTM, and CNN algorithms based on some performance metrics. The comparative test results show superior performance to the traditional ensemble approach, with RF achieving 99.29% accuracy and leading precision (82.30%), followed closely by XGBoost with 99.26% accuracy and 79.60% precision. Deep learning approaches also demonstrate strong capabilities, with CNN achieving 98.33% accuracy and 71.18% precision, though these metrics indicate ongoing challenges with class imbalance. The analysis of confusion matrices reveals varying success across different attack types, with some algorithms showing perfect detection rates for certain attacks while struggling with others. The study highlights a crucial distinction in IoT security: while high precision remains important, the potentially catastrophic impact of missed attacks necessitates equal attention to recall metrics, as evidenced by the varying recall rates across algorithms (RF: 72.19%, XGBoost: 71.69%, CNN: 64.72%). These findings provide vital insights for developing balanced, context-aware intrusion detection systems for IoT environments, emphasizing the need to consider performance metrics and practical deployment constraints.

This study aims to analyze the impact of promotional mix and brand awareness on the purchase intention of snack products on TikTok, with creative content as a mediating variable. Using an associative quantitative approach, data were collected through a survey of 222 Management students at Universitas Negeri Malang. The findings indicate that both the promotional mix and brand awareness positively and significantly influence creative content and purchase intention. Creative content serves as a significant mediator between independent variables (promotional mix and brand awareness) and the dependent variable (purchase intention). Statistically, the research model fulfills validity and reliability criteria, with R-Square values indicating moderate to strong relationships. This study offers implications for social media marketing strategies, particularly in optimizing creative content to enhance purchase intention among younger generations.