Traditional medicine has been believed for generations to be effective in treating various diseases and is recognized for its safety. One reason people opt for herbal medicine is its affordability compared to chemical drugs. Additionally, herbal medicine is required to be free of medicinal chemicals (BKO). However, a public warning issued between 2020 and 2025 indicated that some herbal preparations still contained substances like sildenafil citrate and caffeine. The aim of this research is to establish a validated analytical method to detect the presence of sildenafil citrate and caffeine in stamina-enhancing herbal medicines using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) with densitometry. This method was selected due to its cost-effectiveness and its ability to separate two compounds. In this study, category II validation was conducted to identify impurities in the preparations, focusing on test parameters such as selectivity and Limit of Detection (LOD). The selected mobile phase for this study was a mixture of chloroform and ethanol (9.5:0.5 v/v). The TLC plate was analyzed with a densitometer at a wavelength of 254 nm. The Rf value for sildenafil citrate was found to be 0.32, while the Rf value for caffeine was 0.52, resulting in a separation (Rs) value of 2. The LOD for sildenafil citrate was determined to be 8.5418 ?l/ml (equivalent to 0.0854 mg in a 600 mg sample), whereas the LOD for caffeine was 4.7987 ?l/ml (or 0.0959 mg in a 600 mg sample).

The high level of turnover intention in frontliner employees is a serious challenge for retail companies, including CV. Premium Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effect of transactional leadership on turnover intention mediated by organizational commitment. This research uses a quantitative approach with survey techniques on 56 frontliner respondents. The results showed that transactional leadership has a negative influence on turnover intention. This means that the more effective the application of transactional leadership style, the lower the employee's intention to leave the company. In addition, organizational commitment also negatively affects turnover intention and is proven to be able to mediate the relationship between transactional leadership and turnover intention. These findings confirm the important role of leadership and commitment in retaining the workforce, especially in the dynamic and competitive retail sector.

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of seventh grade students on the material of Linear Equation One Variable (PLSV) and Linear Inequality One Variable (PtSLV) through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model. This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles at Bustanul Ulum Pakusari Islamic Junior High School. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The results showed that in cycle I the average score of students was 69.3 with a completeness rate of 69%, while in cycle II there was an increase in the average score to 74.3 with a completeness rate of 74%. In addition, the activeness of students in the learning process increased from 76% in cycle I to 100% in cycle II. The application of the PBL model is able to increase the active involvement and learning motivation of female students, and has a positive impact on improving learning outcomes. Thus, the application of the PBL model is effective in improving the quality of mathematics learning, especially in PLSV and PtSLV material.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh angka kemiskinan terhadap indikator pendidikan di Kota Semarang selama kurun waktu 2020–2024. Kemiskinan dan pendidikan merupakan dua masalah sosial yang saling terkait erat dan menjadi tantangan besar di wilayah perkotaan, terutama pascapandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan Dinas Pendidikan Kota Semarang. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi angka kemiskinan sebagai variabel bebas, dan angka partisipasi sekolah, rata-rata lama sekolah, dan angka putus sekolah sebagai variabel keterikatan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi linier sederhana untuk menguji pengaruh kemiskinan terhadap pencapaian pendidikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa angka kemiskinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap indikator pendidikan di Kota Semarang. Penurunan angka kemiskinan cenderung terjadi dengan peningkatan angka partisipasi sekolah dan rata-rata lama sekolah, serta penurunan angka putus sekolah. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya intervensi kebijakan terpadu yang membahas penanggulangan kemiskinan dan peningkatan akses dan kualitas pendidikan untuk memutus siklus kemiskinan antargenerasi di Kota Semarang.
 
Kata Kunci:  kemiskinan, pendidikan, regresi linier sederhana, angka partisipasi sekolah, rata-rata tahun sekolah, sekolah di Kota Semarang, Kota Semarang

This research examines the relationship between stock returns and the financial performance of State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) before, during, and after the Covid-19 epidemic (2018–2019, 2020–2021, and 2022–2023). Financial performance indicators are the return on invested capital (ROIC), earnings per share (EPS), working capital turnover, total asset turnover, cash ratio, debt-to-equity Ratio, debt-to-asset Ratio, Current Ratio, and cash ratio. The study's primary sources are BUMN's annual financial reports and stock price data. A multiple linear regression model examined the connection between stock returns and financial performance. According to the findings, the variables influencing stock returns varied throughout time. Before the pandemic, cash ratio and earnings per share (EPS) significantly enhanced stock returns, reflecting investor attention to liquidity and profitability during economic stability. During the pandemic, total asset turnover emerged as the key variable impacting stock returns, emphasizing the necessity for efficient asset management amidst economic uncertainty. After the pandemic, earnings per share (EPS) and return on invested capital (ROIC) became the most influential factors, indicating investors' focus on profitability and the ability to generate investment returns. The study concludes that the COVID-19 epidemic has significantly impacted the correlation between stock returns and financial performance. These results provide corporate management and investors with important information for creating flexible financial plans that adjust to shifting market conditions.

In the implementation of a toll road project, sufficient pavement material is needed, so based on the selection of the planned quarry location, one of the mountains or hills that can be taken stone material to support the project is chosen. In carrying out quarry crusher stone operations, it is necessary to provide several heavy equipment to support the work process. So in this journal discussion, the selection of the right tools in the operation of quarry crusher stone is emphasized.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease caused by impaired insulin function, impaired insulin secretion, or both, resulting in a hyperglycemic condition. Patients with type 2 DM generally exhibit characteristics such as a Random Blood Glucose level exceeding 200 mg/dL and an HbA1c  level exceeding 6.5%. The accuracy of medication administration to patients must also consider the rationality of antidiabetic therapy in order to influence the success rate of optimal therapy. This study aims to evaluate the rationality of patient appropriateness and indication appropriateness in outpatients with type 2 DM at Tabanan Regional Public Hospital (RSUD Tabanan). This study employed a semi-quantitative observational research design with a retrospective approach by reviewing patient medical records from the initiation of therapy. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling, whereby samples had to meet predetermined inclusion criteria. The results indicated that the age group with the highest prevalence of DM patients at RSUD Tabanan was over 56 years old (74%), with a predominance of females (63%). The most common comorbidity among DM patients was hypertension alone (24.5%). Based on the findings, the percentage of patient appropriateness rationality among DM outpatients at RSUD Tabanan was 97.5%, while the percentage of indication appropriateness rationality in type 2 DM outpatients at RSUD Tabanan was 98.5%.
 

Student motivation is an important factor that influences student engagement and academic achievement. Although many studies have examined learning motivation in classroom settings with non-interactive presentation media, limited research has explored how gamification affects motivation and learning outcomes in economics education. This study investigates the impact of using Blooket—a game-based learning platform—on students’ motivation and academic performance in economics classes during the 2024/2025 academic year. The study aims to: (i) evaluate the impact of Blooket on students’ learning motivation, (ii) assess the impact of Blooket on students’ learning outcomes. Data were collected through questionnaires and tests involving 40 high school students divided into experimental and control groups. The findings revealed that students taught using Blooket demonstrated significantly higher motivation and better learning outcomes compared to those taught using traditional methods. This study highlights the impact of the gamification medium 'Blooket' in fostering a more engaging and motivating learning environment, offering practical insights for educators seeking to enhance student participation and performance through digital tools.

This research includes both quantitative descriptive research and a qualitative approach. To complement the qualitative data analysis, quantitative data is also used. The validity test results show a significance value below 0.05 and a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value above 0.3. This confirms the validity of the data for the first variable as well as the questions pertaining to the second variable. The research employs Cronbach's Alpha technique with SPSS 26. An instrument is considered reliable if the reliability coefficient (r) > 0.6; thus, the data is valid as Cronbach's Alpha exceeds 0.6. This study aims to investigate the effect of tourism attributes at Trans Studio Bandung on visitors' intentions to return and to assess how these attributes influence their decision to revisit. Based on the findings and discussions previously outlined, it can be concluded that Trans Studio Bandung is a surprising tourist destination with numerous attractions. Destination attributes contribute to increasing revisit intentions, primarily among visitors aged 15 to 25, many of whom are students. The more tourism destination attributes that can be utilized, the more visitors are inclined to revisit Trans Studio Bandung. Visitor satisfaction indicates an intention to revisit, crucial for tourists to return to the same destination. Better tourism destination features at Trans Studio Bandung lead to greater visitor satisfaction, ultimately encouraging them to return.
 

Warung Madura is one form of micro-enterprise that plays a significant role in supporting the local economy in Jember City. However, the success of this business still faces complex challenges, ranging from competition with modern retail outlets to limitations in capital and business strategies. This study aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial orientation, business location selection, and entrepreneurial characteristics on the business success of Warung Madura. The research method employed is quantitative with a descriptive-associative approach, involving 100 respondents who are owners of Warung Madura selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS. The results show that both partially and simultaneously, the three independent variables—entrepreneurial orientation, business location, and entrepreneurial characteristics—have a significant influence on business success. These findings indicate that a combination of entrepreneurial mindset, strategic location selection, and strong personal traits of entrepreneurs are the key factors in promoting the sustainability and growth of Warung Madura amid an increasingly competitive market environment.