KYC (Know Your Customer) is a process undertaken by financial institutions to identify and verify the identity of their customers. The aim is to prevent financial crimes such as money laundering, fraud and terrorist financing. This Know Your Customer (KYC) model can be used as a strategic framework for financial institutions to prevent misuse of financial services including child sexual exploitation transactions that are rampant. The model emphasizes rigorous customer identification, verification and continuous monitoring of transactions to detect suspicious activity. By carefully understanding customer financial behavior, financial institutions can identify anomalies that may indicate illicit activities, including those related to child exploitation. Globally, financial service providers including major banks such as HSBC, JPMorgan Chase, and Citigroup, as well as digital payment platforms such as PayPal and Stripe exemplify and can play a key role in preventing child sexual exploitation. This research uses normative legal research methods. The nature of this research is descriptive-prescriptive. The result of this research states that in the future, financial institutions can implement strict KYC (Know Your Customer) policies, monitor suspicious transactions, and cooperate with law enforcement agencies from various countries. This comprehensive approach not only helps combat child exploitation, but also improves global regulatory compliance, thus maintaining the integrity of the financial system. The implementation of the KYC model involves collaboration with law enforcement and utilizes advanced technology for efficient data analysis and customer monitoring. Ultimately, this model serves to protect vulnerable populations while upholding ethical standards within the financial sector.

This article explores the utilization of digital technology to enhance public legal awareness from a comparative global perspective. In the digital era, technology has become a significant tool for expanding access to legal information and empowering individuals to understand their legal rights and obligations. This study analyzes various global practices, including digital initiatives such as law-based mobile applications, e-learning platforms, social media-based legal awareness campaigns, and online legal aid systems. Furthermore, the article evaluates the necessary legal reforms to effectively support the use of digital technology in legal contexts, with a focus on Indonesia. By comparing approaches in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Scandinavian nations, this research provides recommendations to strengthen inclusive and equitable digital legal awareness strategies. The article underscores the importance of technological innovation in fostering a legally informed society and supporting legal transformation in the digital age.

Online sexual abuse and exploitation of children is a serious global issue nowadays. In Indonesia, data from the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection (KemenPPA) shows that the number of reported child violence cases reached 24,158 in 2023. Of this total, sexual violence was the most common, with 10,932 cases. The key problem lies in the gap within the Legal Framework for addressing Child Sexual Exploitation in Indonesia. The issue is becoming more serious because the financial sector also plays a role, as perpetrators use financial means to carry out their actions. This has not been adequately addressed by Indonesia’s legal framework. Although Indonesia has prohibited and imposed penalties for perpetrators of child sexual exploitation and online sexual exploitation (for example, through the Criminal Code, Child Protection Law, Law on Sexual Violence, Pornography Law, and Electronic Information and Transactions Law), efforts to address the misuse of the financial sector by perpetrators have not been reflected in laws governing the financial services sector (such as the Indonesia Financial Services Authority Law, Banking Law, Indonesia Financial Services Authority Regulations, etc.). This paper, through a doctrinal research approach, examines the extent to which Indonesia’s legal framework addresses child sexual exploitation in accordance with international standards, conventions, trends, and developments. By analyzing how other countries—such as England, Wales, Sweden, the United States, and Australia—handle child sexual exploitation, particularly in relation to financial service providers, Indonesia can learn valuable lessons. In conclusion, this paper finds that Indonesia’s legal framework is insufficient to address child sexual exploitation and abuse involving financial means.

Research Objectiveness: The understanding of marriage is the process of binding, both physically and spiritually, between a man and a woman to become husband and wife aimed at forming a lasting, harmonious, and happy family based on the belief, this research aims to identify and analysis merariq culture in the aspects of socio-culture, legal, and health. Methods: This research is qualitative research using descriptive analysis. Qualitative study aims to explore the endogamous marriages in Mungkik, Pandan Wangi Village, Jerowaru Subdistrict, East Lombok, involved 24 women and girl (married, unmarried, and widower). Research findings: East Lombok's marriages are primarily merariq, a deeply ingrained tradition in the Sasak community. Elopement often arranged by parents, demonstrating bravery and maintaining family relationships. However, endogamous marriages in Merariq families can lead to health issues and genetic disorders. Among them, 75% of participants were admitted to endogamous marriages among relatives, and some parents forbid their children from marrying relatives due to guilt. Merariq marriages are decreasing due to the rupture of family ties. Elopement is a traditional rational action, low-risk, and based on customs and traditions. However, the community is unaware of the health risks and lacks prior socialization.

The principle of precaution is understood as a preventive action in facing uncertainty or potential risks, especially when the potential impact of an action could be harmful. The Constitutional Court, whose decisions are final and binding, also applies this principle in its decision-making process. This research analyzes the relationship between the precautionary principle and the Justice Deliberation Meeting (RPH). The research method used was normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and philosophical approach. The study results affirm that the characteristics of Constitutional Court justices, viewed from the theory of authority, are unique. The theory of authority in law refers to the power or authority an institution or legal body possesses to make legitimate and binding decisions. In the context of the Constitutional Court, its decisions have a distinctiveness that reflects this institution’s special nature and responsibility. Furthermore, the Constitutional Court’s final decisions are binding, prioritize public interest, and use comprehensive evaluations in testing laws, reflecting the application of the precautionary principle in maintaining the integrity of the Constitution and justice for the entire society. In the case of RPH, justices should also apply the precautionary principle by considering all aspects and potential impacts of the law on the Constitution and the sense of justice in society.

Rights have always been regarded as a subject matter of personhood. At the same time, the understanding of personhood has extended beyond the limit of living human beings. Today, the world has witnessed the transgression of the concept to non-human and even artificial entities. The core value of such recognition is to confer rights and thereby ensure their legitimate protection. To this conundrum comes a dead body, especially that of a human being. This paper attempts to delve into the aspects of personhood, the rights of the dead and the need of positive state action for protecting a person's dignity even after the end of their natural life. The discussion examines these aspects in the wake of various actions performed on the dead, which would otherwise be deemed offensive if the person was alive.

Procurement is not limited to the scope of goods but also extends to services. Therefore, it is essential to both quality goods and services. However, it cannot be denied that universities face various obstacles in terms of procuring goods and services, leading to several challenges. The problems addressed in this research are: (1) What are the issues faced in the procurement of goods and services at universities? (2) What is the problem-solving model for procurement of goods and services at universities? This research utilizes a qualitative approach, with a sociological juridical research method, or non-doctrinal research.

Indonesia and Timor Leste still have 4% of the land border that has not been agreed upon by the two countries, the fact is that the people who live on the border that is still being disputed have not accepted the implementation of international law which is the basis for resolving the border. However, this is precisely an obstacle when the state takes the main role, without considering the Traditional Leaders. This research will focus on efforts to reconstruct the role and existence of traditional leaders in the cultural dimension and the interconnectedness of local institutions, so that later a model for resolving state border disputes will be built with structured, legitimate cultural values that can be accepted by all components of society on the land border between the two countries, especially the Oecussi Enclave area. The outputs (products) of this research are the spectrum of the existence of traditional figures as local institutions based on religion in resolving disputes, a draft model for resolving land boundary disputes between Indonesia and Timor Leste in the Oecussi Enclave area, a draft mechanism for engineering public policies that are based on the cultural diversity of the Indonesian and Timor Leste communities, and scientific articles and intellectual property rights (IPR) on soft security based on culture in the role of traditional figures in resolving land boundary disputes between Indonesia and Timor Leste.

Climate change has a significant impact on vulnerable communities; one of which is indigenous people. The dependence and closeness of indigenous people to the environment and natural resources have indicated that they must be the first to experience the negative impacts of climate change. This abstract focuses on the need of policy reform and strategies to deal with climate change in Indonesia through recognition of the environmental values amidst indigenous people. The current management of climate change in Indonesia shows that there are gaps and weaknesses in the participation of indigenous people for policy making and moves for climate change mitigation and adaptation. The article begins by explaining the guarantee of legal protection and identified the rights of people who are disturbed by the impacts of climate change, including examining whether existing climate change policies in Indonesia are in favor of indigenous people. Apart from that, the exportation of environmental values depicted by indigenous people in Indonesia is also a basis for proposing recognition about climate change handling policy strategies. To answer legal questions, legal and literature studies were chosen. The proposed recognition of environmental values would aim to protect and maintain the existence of indigenous people amidst the threat of climate change. Research findings would become suggestions to the government, starting with reforming problematic policies to taking further steps in recognition of prescribed environmental values. At the end, this article is strongly expected to contribute significantly to the midst of 'climate legislation' and the on-going formulation to generate strategies policy for handling climate change in Indonesia. For existing conditions, this article serves to be a consideration for the need of legal reform in handling climate change policy related to indigenous people.

This study examines the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency in society with a focus on the influence of parenting patterns in the Generation Z (Gen Z) era. Juvenile delinquency, which includes deviant behavior and criminal acts, is increasingly complex along with technological developments and social change. Parenting patterns applied by parents, whether autocratic, permissive, responsive, or neglectful, contribute significantly to adolescent behavior. This research method involves literature analysis and surveys of adolescents and parents to understand the relationship between parenting patterns and delinquent behavior. The results show that responsive parenting patterns and parental involvement in children’s lives are positively related to good social behavior, while permissive or neglectful parenting patterns have the potential to increase the risk of delinquency. This study suggests the need for parent education programs and community involvement to create an environment that supports positive development for adolescents in the Gen Z era. By understanding the interaction between parenting patterns and adolescent behavior, it is hoped that effective prevention strategies can be produced to overcome juvenile delinquency in society.