This study examines the effect of ESG disclosure on firm value and the moderating role of competitive advantage in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020–2023. Using a quantitative approach with purposive sampling and multiple linear regression analysis, the results show that ESG disclosure has a positive and significant effect on firm value. However, when competitive advantage is introduced as a moderating variable, the direct effect of ESG becomes insignificant, while the interaction between ESG disclosure and competitive advantage shows a positive and significant impact on firm value. These findings imply that ESG practices alone may not be sufficient to enhance firm value unless accompanied by a strong competitive position. The study highlights the importance of integrating ESG strategies with the company’s core competencies to maximize value creation, particularly in highly competitive industries like energy.

Pregnancy lasts from ovulation to parturition for approximately 280 days (40 weeks) and no more than 300 days (approximately 43 weeks). In the first trimester of pregnancy, most women experience discomfort due to anatomical and physiological changes, such as nausea, vomiting, cravings, fainting, changes in the skin and breasts, anorexia, and increased frequency of urination. When entering the third trimester, many pregnant women begin to experience anxiety before giving birth. This study aims to determine the effect of peppermint aromatherapy on the level of anxiety of pregnant women in the third trimester in facing childbirth. The research method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The sampling technique used is total sampling, and data analysis is carried out using the Wilcoxon test, a non-parametric test. The results of the study showed that there was a significant effect of peppermint aromatherapy in reducing the level of anxiety of pregnant women in the third trimester before giving birth, as evidenced by a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). Peppermint aromatherapy has been shown to be effective as a non-pharmacological intervention.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the use of infographic media can enhance the argumentative writing skills of eleventh-grade students at SMK Negeri Sragi, located in the Sragi District of Pekalongan Regency, Central Java. Argumentative writing is a critical academic skill that enables students to express opinions clearly, logically, and persuasively. However, many students struggle with organizing their ideas, building coherent arguments, and presenting supporting evidence effectively. To address this issue, the research employs a quantitative descriptive method with a pre-test and post-test design. A total of 30 students from grade XI were randomly selected as research participants. Infographics were introduced as an instructional medium to assist students in better understanding the structure of argumentative texts, including thesis statements, supporting arguments, counterarguments, and conclusions. The visual nature of infographics was expected to improve students’ ability to grasp and organize key components of argumentative writing. The results of data analysis indicate a significant improvement in students’ writing performance after the implementation of infographic-based instruction. Students demonstrated enhanced clarity, coherence, and persuasiveness in their arguments. Furthermore, the use of infographics increased student motivation and confidence in expressing opinions through writing. This research concludes that infographic media is an effective tool for improving argumentative writing skills among vocational high school students. It is recommended that educators incorporate visual learning tools such as infographics to support writing instruction. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of more engaging and innovative teaching strategies that promote critical thinking and communication skills in the classroom.

This research examines the influence of development policies on community empowerment in rural areas. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys (n=400) across four diverse rural districts with qualitative interviews (n=40) and focus group discussions (n=12), the study identifies key factors affecting the success of empowerment programs. Findings reveal that community participation in planning phases and equitable access to resources (financial, informational, and material) are fundamental determinants of successful rural empowerment. The research demonstrates that development policies are most effective when they: (1) enable genuine participation beyond mere consultation, (2) build on existing community institutions, (3) address power imbalances within communities, and (4) provide appropriate external facilitation. Statistical analysis shows strong correlations between empowerment outcomes and participation in planning (?=0.73, p<0.001) and access to financial resources (?=0.68, p<0.001). This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of empowerment processes and practical knowledge for policymakers and practitioners seeking to design more effective community development interventions in rural contexts.

This research discusses community empowerment in social conditions where problems occur in the community, especiallymothers or lower middle class people who are looking for a shortcut to finance familylife on basicneeds by lending money from moneylenders. That the familyis high, the low average familyincome and the high cost of living make them feel that their quality of life is threatened. The solution to overcome this problem must be a driving agency from the government or what is meant is community empowerment, namely the Leder-Free Village (KBR) Program which provides spiritual training, training assistance, business capital to the community so that prosperous and quality families are created. This research aims to determine the process of stages of community empowerment activities,family resilience and determine the supporting and inhibiting factors in the Money Loan Free Village program. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The results of this research show that the Leder-Free Village program achieves community empowerment in terms of family resilience, namely that the beneficiary members get business capital and create social change from economic, social and spiritual independence, so that achieve the condition of the family in their lives independently and more empowered.

This article aims to analyze and describe the achievement motivation of adolescents affected by broken homes in the Rese Sengkol Community. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection in the form of interviews, observations and documentation studies. The results showed that achievement motivation is important for every individual, to achieve their goals and develop their potential. Motivation can come from the family, because one of the functions of the family is to support the morale of its members to achieve, but not all individuals get this. Broken home family situations are one of the causes, broken homes experienced include life separation and death separation, the factors vary, ranging from house separation, economic factors, to unstable emotions from parents. The impact of broken homes experienced by adolescents is not only negative, such as vulnerable psychological conditions, they put this aside with a supportive community environment. The positive impacts of broken homes include becoming independent, mature, and able to adjust. Achievement motivation is illustrated by the existence of factors that influence adolescent achievement motivation including the figures and characteristics of the models they admire, parental expectations, environmental support, and independent parenting. As a community that focuses on the arts. The implementation of achievement motivation in this community is reflected in the paintings and drawings that are exhibited in art exhibitions.

The principal's leadership is key in achieving the school's vision, mission, and goals through well-planned and gradual programs. This study examines the principal's role in shaping student discipline at Bina Siswa Private Middle School. The research method used is a case study approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results: the principal plays a crucial role in shaping student discipline by establishing and enforcing rules that promote positive behaviour and prevent negative actions, creating a conducive learning environment. As a leader, the principal sets an example by being punctual and organising programs to improve student behaviour, such as extracurricular activities and character-building initiatives. As a supervisor, the principal conducts classroom observations and home visits to ensure consistent discipline and monitor student development. Internal and external factors influence student discipline, including family, school, and the community. Although discipline fosters a productive environment, excessive strictness may cause stress, requiring a personalized educational approach. In conclusion, the principal's leadership is vital in shaping the discipline character at school.

This study aims to analyze the impact of TikTok usage on the politeness behavior of elementary school students. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this article examines various previous studies related to the topic. The findings indicate that TikTok usage has a significant influence on students' behavior, particularly in terms of politeness. Although there are some positive effects, such as enhanced creativity, self-confidence, and cognitive abilities, the negative impacts are more dominant. Students tend to show a decline in polite behavior, such as the use of harsh language, lack of respect for parents and teachers, and reduced responsibility towards school assignments. High intensity of TikTok usage is one of the main factors contributing to the development of such deviant behavior. Therefore, the role of teachers and parents is crucial in supervising, setting examples, and guiding students to use social media wisely in order to uphold character and moral values.

This study examines the importance of educating the community about access to proper sanitation facilities, especially toilets, in Kendal Regency. This study explores the effectiveness of public service advertisements (PSAs), especially posters, in raising awareness about sanitation. Using a qualitative research approach, this study combines data collection methods such as interviews, observations, and literature studies to design this PSA campaign. The analysis was conducted using Robin Landa's design process approach with the stages of orientation, analysis, concept, design, and implementation. This study emphasizes the importance of an educational approach that is tailored to local social and cultural conditions to address sanitation problems. The findings of the study indicate that public service advertisements through posters are an effective tool for changing community behavior and creating a healthier environment by promoting good sanitation habits. This study concludes that continued efforts are needed to strengthen the reach and impact of sanitation awareness campaigns, by involving relevant parties, such as local governments, health facilities, and community leaders, to ensure widespread adoption of better sanitation practices. This study contributes to efforts to improve sanitation in rural areas by proposing practical solutions for effective public education campaigns.

TikTok, as a social media platform, is increasingly gaining attention in English language teaching (ELT) due to its potential to enhance speaking and listening skills through interactive learning experiences. However, its effectiveness in formal education is still debated due to challenges pedagogical. This study aims to synthesize evidence related to the role of TikTok in English Language Teaching (ELT), specifically its impact on students' speaking, listening, and engagement learning. This study employs a systematic review method based on the PRISMA guidelines, with data search using the keywords “Digital Learning; English Language Teaching (ELT); Learner Engagement; Social Media; TikTok” in five academic databases, namely Scopus (n = 30), Mendeley (n = 25), Publish or Perish (n = 40), Google Scholar (n = 50), as well as additional sources from ResearchGate (n = 4), Academia.edu (n = 1), and institutional repositories (n = 3). Of the 153 studies found, 48 were thoroughly reviewed, and 20 final studies were analyzed. The results show that TikTok can improve students’ pronunciation exercises, listening comprehension, and learning motivation. However, challenges such as content validity, curriculum integration, and potential distractions remain concerns. In conclusion, TikTok has the potential to serve as an additional learning tool in ELT, increasing engagement and language acquisition; however, a structured pedagogical strategy is necessary to maximize its benefits and address existing challenges. More research is needed to identify best practices in integrating TikTok into formal education.