The crucial role that creativity and innovation play in fostering entrepreneurial success is examined in this study. Entrepreneurs must not only stay relevant but also promote sustainable growth in a fiercely competitive and quickly evolving business environment. Creativity and innovation are essential components that set successful companies apart from those that find it difficult to adjust. Despite their significance, little is known about the direct effects of these two ideas on entrepreneurial outcomes, especially for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). The goal of this essay is to present a thorough examination of the elements that affect creativity and innovation in entrepreneurship, looking at how they interact and how they affect long-term company performance. The study also identifies the obstacles that prevent inventive and creative processes in business endeavors and provides actionable suggestions for entrepreneurs to improve these areas of their operations. This study aids in the creation of fresh theoretical frameworks and useful methods for entrepreneurship by pinpointing the primary forces behind creativity and innovation. The results highlight how important it is to develop a creative and inventive attitude since it is necessary to get a competitive edge and maintain long-term company success in the fast-paced global market of today.

Rainfall potential analysis plays a critical role in the management of air resources, mitigation of hydrometeorological disasters, and agricultural activity planning. Accurate estimation of rainfall patterns is essential to ensure effective decision-making in irrigation systems, water resource management, and disaster risk reduction strategies. This study aims to model the probability of rainfall occurrence using a statistical approach based on historical data obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology. The data spans a multi-year period and captures seasonal and regional variability in rainfall events. To characterize rainfall patterns, various probability distributions are tested, including the exponential distribution and the Weibull distribution, which are commonly applied in hydrological studies. Furthermore, the Markov chain method is employed to assess the likelihood of rainfall occurrence on a given day based on the conditions of the preceding day, thereby capturing temporal dependencies. Parameter estimation is conducted using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), a robust statistical method that enhances the precision of the model. The suitability of each probability distribution in representing the observed rainfall data is evaluated through goodness-of-fit tests such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The findings reveal that certain distributions align more closely with the local rainfall characteristics, demonstrating the importance of regional analysis in climate modeling. The combination of probabilistic modeling, Markov analysis, and rigorous statistical testing provides a reliable framework for forecasting rainfall. These results are expected to serve as a scientific basis for stakeholders in agriculture, environmental planning, and disaster preparedness, offering insights that support sustainable water resource utilization and risk management.

This study aims to (1) analyze the skills of class VIII students of GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar Private Middle School in compiling explanatory texts before the implementation of the RAFT strategy. (2) Analyze the skills of class VIII students of GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar Private Middle School in compiling explanatory texts after the implementation of the strategy. (3) Analyze the impact of the RAFT learning strategy on the skills of compiling explanatory texts of class VIII students of GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar Private Middle School. The population in this study were class VIII students of GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar Private Middle School, namely class I with 26 students and class II with 27 students. The method used in this study was a two-group posttest design. Analysis assumption tests, normality tests and hypothesis tests were used in data analysis. The results of the study in the control class reached an average of 69.5 and were included in the "sufficient" category. The results of the study obtained with the RAFT strategy were 86.03 and were included in the "very good" category. Through the hypothesis test, namely tituing>ttable, namely 7.109>1.67528, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the use of the RAFT strategy on the ability to write explanatory texts of Class VIII students of SMP Swasta GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar.

Land cover change has a significant impact on the hydrology of watershed areas, including increasing flood risk. This study aims to analyze land cover changes in the Siborgonyi and Acai sub-watersheds between 2013 and 2022 and their impact on flood potential. The methods used include spatial analysis with GIS, flood modeling using HEC-RAS, and Curve Number (CN) calculations to identify changes in soil infiltration capacity. The results show that land cover changes have a substantial effect on the increase in flood risk. The reduction of forest areas and the expansion of built-up land indicate a large-scale conversion of natural vegetation into residential and infrastructure areas. CN values in 2022 increased across most areas, indicating reduced soil infiltration capacity and increased surface runoff. Flood modeling shows that both the extent and depth of inundation significantly increased in 2022, particularly in downstream areas with basin-like topography.

Reason: The organization's ability to adopt new, innovative behaviors is being restricted by the new, competitive environment that progress and gradual change have created. In light of overall execution factors, SMEs must implement the following digital transformations. SMEs have certain characteristics that set them apart from large corporations. Moreover, having a prototype that is authorized to recognize, impact, and expand its computerized capabilities will help SMEs grow towards more sophisticated development. Idea/procedure/approach: A top to bottom audit of the current writing on advanced Change and hierarchical productivity accomplished inside Scopus and Web of Science to recognize other computerized difficulties confronting PME and the advanced abilities that they truly do vent developer pour y foreface.  We utilized semi-organized apparatuses to safeguard supplements and work with the investigation of metadata specialists. Results: Because Regarding this review, We've got fostered a sophisticated hierarchical skill simulation for proficiency organized that empowers SMEs to distinguish and foster the computerized capacities expected to progress organized change, refined with bits of knowledge from six counseled specialists. We have noticed the significance of authoritative learning and hierarchical information to propel the computerized change of small and medium-sized. Competent modernity /esteem: known as created designs is valuable regarding small and medium-sized administrators in understand what the beginning circumstance is, explain appear computerized holes were, along with have the option by design activities to foster the advanced abilities important to move in the direction of digital maturity coordinated.

The coffee shop industry in Samarinda City is growing rapidly driven by the hangout culture and increasing coffee consumption. Jay's Coffee, as one of the well-known coffee shops, faces challenges in maintaining customer satisfaction and increasing word of mouth amidst competition. This study analyzes the effect of store atmosphere and experiential marketing on customer satisfaction and its impact on word of mouth. Using a quantitative method with a survey, this study involved 97 Jay Coffee customers selected by non-probability sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed with path analysis. The results showed that store atmosphere and experiential marketing have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. A comfortable store atmosphere and interesting experiences increase customer satisfaction, which in turn encourages word of mouth. In addition, store atmosphere and experiential marketing also have a direct effect on word of mouth. Thus, Kopi Jay needs to develop strategies to improve store atmosphere and customer experience to maintain loyalty and improve business competitiveness.

Ritual Malabuh In Banjar Community of South Kalimantan. This study aimed to determine the structure, function, and to analyze the ritual of malabuh meaning in Banjar community, South Kalimantan. In examining this problem, researchers used a qualitative research with descriptive method. Sources of data in this study were some data of ritual that obtained from 10 informants who have experience in performing malabuh ritual. Data collection techniques used interview through recording the spoken by informants. Data analysis used transcription, identification, classification, and inference of data to determine the structure, function, and meaning of ritual. The result of the research concludes that the structure of the malabuh ritual has a structure consisting of one (1) verse, which is a maximum of 7 lines and a minimum of 1 line. This ritual have the complete sentence structure and have structural elements consisting of greeting, intention, and purpose. Ritual of malabuh was functioned as an introduction or a tool to invoke God's power, either directly or through an intermediary by the mystical crocodile which is believed have the power to provide protection or to eliminate the disturbance. The ritual that analyzed with hermeneutic approach performed significantly as a communication medium for serving malabuh ritual offerings.

Global climate change has caused changes in rainfall patterns in various regions, including North Jayapura District, Papua Province. This study aims to analyze changes in rainfall characteristics in the region over the past two decades (2004–2023) using GSMaP satellite data. The analysis was carried out on the average monthly rainfall, annual rainfall, decadal trends, hourly rainfall intensity frequency, and daily rainfall duration. The results showed a decrease in annual rainfall accumulation in the 2014–2023 decades compared to the previous decade (2004–2013), with a difference of around 5,000 mm. The seasonal rainfall pattern still shows concentration in January to March, but with a significant decrease in these wet months. In addition, there was an increase in the frequency of short-duration rain (<1 hour) and moderate to very heavy rain, although the frequency was still relatively small. The high variability of annual rainfall also indicates an increasingly large climate. These findings indicate that North Jayapura District faces the risk of increasing extreme rainfall events and decreasing water availability in the long term. Therefore, adaptation efforts are needed through improving early warning systems, conservation of air catchment areas, and integration of satellite data and field observations in air resource management planning.

The current research seeks to identify the role of value Creativity capabilities through its dimensions (environmental value, utility value, achievement value, intrinsic value) in addressing the behaviour of the customer boycott, through the mediating role of marketing excellence through its dimensions (service quality, customer retention, innovation of new services, appropriate price, continuous improvement) in Zain Iraq and Asia Cell in the Middle Euphrates region in (Najaf, Karbala, Babylon, Diwaniyah, Muthanna). The problem of the study lies in the main question of what is the nature of the relationship between the capabilities of value Creativity and the behaviour of the customer boycott with the presence of the mediating role of marketing excellence, and the study used the questionnaire to collect data, as it distributed (112) questionnaire forms to a random sample of administrative leaders in (Zain Iraq and Asia Cell), and retrieved (104) forms valid for statistical analysis and the data collected was analysed using a set of statistical tests available in the two statistical programmes (SPSS. V.29, 29 (Amos.V. 29), The results of the study confirmed a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a role for value Creativity capabilities in addressing the behaviour of the customer boycott through the mediating role of marketing excellence, which means the company's interest in improving the level of customer satisfaction by investing its capabilities by providing services and products that meet their needs.

Character education is very important for building a generation of the nation's successors who have noble character and positive behavior, especially amidst the increasingly complex challenges of the times. This article discusses the definition of character education, its objectives, and the benefits of implementing it in schools. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach, and the literature study method was employed to investigate various references related to the subject. The study results indicate that educational character is very important in shaping students' personalities, preventing bad behavior among teenagers, preparing a responsible generation, providing the tools for living in society, and supporting students' academic achievements. To achieve this, educational character must be integrated into the curriculum through practice, exemplary behavior, and collaboration between schools, families, and communities. Therefore, educational character is very important for building a generation of successors who are virtuous and behave positively. Especially in the face of increasingly complex challenges of the times, educational character can produce a generation that is not only cognitively intelligent but also possesses strong character.