This study aims to determine the analysis of the lyrics of the hymn of the congregation No. 26 Mampirlah Dengar Doaku by analyzing the meanings contained in each lyric of the song. This study uses qualitative research methods including data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. And all observations and methods carried out by the author during the research, the results of the analysis show that with the song Mampirlah Dengar Doaku, the analysis of this song can help us understand more deeply about our relationship with God and how we can develop that relationship. Recognizing God's presence: This song reminds us of God's presence in our lives and how we can feel His presence, Expressing feelings, the analysis of this song can help us express our feelings about the difficulties and suffering we experience. From this study, the author hopes to understand the meaning of the songs sung in worship, so that an interpretation is created when singing songs, and the congregation not only sings but can live the song
 
 

This article explores the nature of the philosophy of Islamic education and its integration with the philosophy of mathematics in the learning process. The philosophy of Islamic education is rooted in the Qur’an and As-Sunnah and is further reinforced by the thoughts of Muslim philosophers. It encompasses three main aspects: ontology (the nature of existence), epistemology (the sources and methods of acquiring knowledge), and axiology (values and purposes). Islamic education aims not only to shape individual character but also to build a holistic educational system based on Islamic values. In this context, education is not merely a process of knowledge transfer but a means of fostering moral and spiritual development in learners. On the other hand, the philosophy of mathematics from the perspective of Islamic education emphasizes that mathematics is not solely an exact science of arithmetic, but also a discipline closely related to ethical and moral values in Islam. Mathematics is viewed as part of the divine order of Allah’s creation, reflecting His greatness. Therefore, the integration of Islamic educational philosophy and mathematical philosophy in learning offers a deeper approach to mathematical concepts. This approach not only enhances students’ cognitive understanding of the material but also instills spiritual awareness and values of faith and piety. By combining scientific and religious aspects, the learning process becomes more systematic, meaningful, and aligned with the comprehensive goals of Islamic education.

Minimally invasive surgery offers several advantages, including reduced blood loss, smaller incisions, less pain, and a lower risk of complications than open surgery. This approach enhances patient comfort and supports faster recovery. When guided by optimal path planning, surgical robots can accurately navigate the body to remove malignant tumors with high precision. This study proposes a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) algorithm to determine the optimal path for robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery targeting brain tumors. The algorithm improves upon standard PSO by modifying the velocity update equation and incorporating an adaptive inertia weight, enhancing convergence speed, global search ability, and solution accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed MPSO achieves a maximum fitness value of 19.10 in a sparse obstacle environment, outperforming standard PSO and IPSO in quality and in the required number of iterations. The approach effectively balances path efficiency and obstacle avoidance, making it well-suited for complex surgical scenarios. In conclusion, the MPSO-based method provides a reliable and precise solution for robotic surgical navigation, improving outcomes and safety in minimally invasive procedures.

This study was conducted to list the different species of naturally occurring macrofungi in selected municipalities in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The collected species were morphologically identified and recorded in terms of physical distribution, collection site, collection month, and climatic conditions. Opportunistic sampling was used to collect the wild mushrooms from May to July 2023 in four collection sites (San Isidro, Jaen, San Antonio, and San Leonardo). There are 53 collected fruiting bodies belonging to 2 phyla, 4 classes, 5 orders, 14 families, 21 genera, and 35 species taxa. Out of 35 species, 25 wild mushrooms were identified at their species level while 10 were identified at their genus level only. Two collected mushrooms belong to Pezizomycetes (5.71%) while the rest belong to Agaricomycetes (94.29%). The collected wild macrofungi grew solitary or gregarious in different substrates such as soil, trees, decaying logs or trunks of trees, and animal dung. Twenty-three (23) of the collected mushrooms were found to be edible, while 12 were poisonous. Site A (San Isidro) was recorded to have the highest percentage composition of macrofungi. The distribution of the macrofungi in the collection sites was found to be affected mainly by physical factors.

The Dayak Kubin Tribe, which inhabits Nanga Raku Village, Sayan District, Melawi Regency, West Kalimantan Province, still utilizes mushrooms daily. However, this knowledge has not been documented until now. This research aims to provide information on the diversity of mushroom species and their utilization by the Dayak Kubin Tribe in Nanga Raku Village. This qualitative research was conducted in Nanga Raku Village in May 2022. The informants in this research amounted to 15 people obtained through the snowball sampling technique. The search for mushroom samples was carried out using the cruising method. The results showed that the Dayak Kubin Tribe in Nanga Raku Village utilizes 16 species of mushrooms. Mushroom species used as food sources are Agaricus sp., Auricularia auricula-judae, Auricularia delicata, Termitomyces sp., Lactocollybia sp., Marasmiellus candidus, Pleurotus cystidiosus, Lentinus sajor-caju, Panus sp., Psathyrella sp., Cookeina sulcipes, Cookeina tricholoma, and Schizophyllum commune. Mushroom species utilized as medicines are Microporus affinis and Microporus xanthopus. Hygrocybe sp. is the only mushroom species that is used as a food source and medicinal ingredient at the same time. The ethnomycological information presented in this research is an effort to preserve traditional knowledge by utilizing biodiversity in the surrounding environment.

DNA extraction is a fundamental initial step in numerous molecular research studies. Different extraction methods are required for different biological samples to obtain high-quality DNA. Therefore, this step is one of the limiting factors for the success of molecular analysis. There has been no research evaluating an appropriate method to extract DNA from ambergris jetsam samples. This study aims to determine an appropriate method for extracting DNA from whale ambergris samples. The ambergris sample was collected from the southern coast of Cilacap. DNA extraction was performed using a commercial DNA isolation kit and the Chelex® 100 method. The extracted DNA was visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis followed by quantification with a UV Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The data were analyzed descriptively to determine the most effective extraction method. The success of the extraction was also assessed by measuring the DNA concentration using the Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The results showed that the commercial isolation kit failed to produce genomic DNA from whale ambergris, as indicated by the absence of stained DNA bands on the agarose gel. In contrast, the Chelex® 100 method successfully produced genomic DNA from ambergris, as evidenced by the presence of stained DNA bands on the agarose gel and a high quantity of genomic DNA after a Nanodrop measurement. It can be concluded that the Chelex® 100 method is more suitable than commercial kits for extracting DNA from ambergris samples. This finding contributes to the development of various scientific fields based on molecular data by providing evidence that each biological sample requires an appropriate method to obtain high-quality DNA.

Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential application in health, including antimicrobial properties. To date, the application of fermentation to black rice to enhance its bioactivity, particularly as an antimicrobial, remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of solid fermented black rice against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Black rice was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae under solid-state conditions. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the well diffusion test method, agar dilution, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fermented black rice extract showed antimicrobial activity against all tested microbes. The minimum inhibitory value obtained was 20% against all microbes, but the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) could not be determined. The SEM analysis showed morphological changes in microbes exposed to fermented black rice extract, including cell shrinkage, elongation, and lysis in Bacillus cereus, fragmentation and irregular cell shape in Escherichia coli, cell size reduction in Staphylococcus aureus, and bleb formation in Candida albicans. These changes indicate the mechanism of microbial growth inhibition. We found that fermented black rice (EFBR) extracts produce different effects from unfermented black rice extracts (EUBR), which tend to induce biofilm formation. We propose that EFBR functions as an antimicrobial by rupturing cell walls, preventing cell division and DNA synthesis. This research provides new insights into natural antimicrobial mechanisms at the cellular level and offers a potential alternative for addressing antimicrobial resistance. Solid fermented black rice may serve as a valuable source of antimicrobial compounds for developing health products or natural preservatives.

Musa acuminata Colla var. Mulu Bebek is a high-quality banana from Ternate, North Maluku. Its conventional cultivation faces challenges due to Fusarium wilt, reducing productivity. In vitro culture offers a solution for rapid, disease-free seedling production. This study aims to examine the effect of BAP and picloram on shoot induction using a CRFD at various concentrations (0–3 ppm) and evaluate the percentage of live explants, emergence time, and number and length of shoots and roots. Results show that 1 ppm picloram accelerates root emergence, while 0 ppm promotes the fastest shoot emergence, the longest shoot and root lengths. 1 ppm BAP increases shoot numbers. The interaction of picloram and BAP has a significant effect on the parameters of the fastest root emergence time, namely 1 ppm picloram + 0 ppm BAP, 1 ppm and 3 ppm, the fastest shoot emergence time, namely without the addition of PGR, and the longest shoot length, 0 ppm picloram + 2 ppm BAP. The combination of 0 ppm picloram + 1 ppm BAP is the optimal condition for a percentage of 100% live explants, the fastest time for root emergence, the highest number of shoots and roots, the longest shoot and root length and the optimal condition for the fastest time for shoot emergence is 0 picloram + 0 ppm BAP. This study provides insight into the role of BAP and picloram in inducing banana shoots that has not been reported before. The micropropagation media formula obtained in this study is an effort to improve the quality of healthy banana seedlings in the future.

Microalgae are photoautotrophic microorganisms that synthesize bioactive compounds, including antioxidant compounds. Exploratory research on microalgae with strong antioxidant capacity as free radical scavengers is interesting and important to do. This study aims to identify and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of microalgae. Water samples were diluted with multilevel dilution. Microalgae were isolated using the streak plate method, and four microalgae isolates were successfully cultivated in vitro. Identification was carried out by phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA marker gene sequences, namely Chlorella vulgaris, Desmodesmus armatus, Dictyosphaerium ehrenbergianum, and Vitreochlamys incisa. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using three methods, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). IC50 as the concentration required to inhibit 50% of free radicals showed that methanol extract of C. vulgaris had a strong antioxidant capacity in the ABTS test with IC50 of 81.693 ppm and the highest in the DPPH test with IC50 of 297.451 ppm. In the FRAP test, the highest antioxidant capacity was in ethanol extract of D. ehrenbergianum isolate of 74.45 mg AAE/g. The D. armatus isolate had the lowest antioxidant capacity in the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP tests.

The enzymes laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP) are ligninolytic enzyme groups that have a crucial role in degrading lignin compounds. These complex components are abundant in plant biomass. This research aims to isolate and characterize microorganisms producing the enzymes Lac, MnP, and LiP from leaf litter, rhizosphere soil, and sediment in the Gunung Lumut Protected Forest (GLPF) and Sungai Wain Protected Forest (SWPF), East Kalimantan. The bacterial and fungal isolates obtained were cultured on NA and PDA media enriched with 0.05% guaiacol as a substrate. Initial selection was carried out based on the colony growth rate and the formation of a brownish discoloration zone, which indicates ligninolytic enzyme activity. The superior isolates were then tested for extracellular enzyme activity quantitatively using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Among the bacterial isolates, the highest Lac activity is isolated GLS 5.1.2 (173.44 U L-1); the highest MnP activity is isolated GLS 5.3 (177.41 U L-1); and the highest LiP activity is isolated GLS 5.1.2 (1034.05 U L-1). In the group of fungi, isolate SS2 was detected with the highest Lac activity (20.66 U L-1), MnP activity (333.75 U L-1), and LiP activity (2516.13 U L-1). Biodiversity sources in the Gunung Lumut Protected Forest (GLPF) and Sungai Wain Protected Forest (SWPF), East Kalimantan have the potential to produce microbial isolates with unique enzymatic characteristics that have never been reported before. The resulting microbial isolate can be used as a bioactivator in composting organic waste to produce high-quality organic fertilizer.