This study is based on the problems faced by Grade XI students at SMKN 1 Ngabang, namely the lack of motivation for independent learning, which often leads to a less conducive classroom environment. Additionally, teachers have not yet implemented student-centered learning models in the teaching process. The aim of this study is to determine the improvement in students' independence and learning achievement through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in the pastoral work material of the Church in the field of Liturgia. This classroom action research (CAR) was conducted in two cycles consisting of four stages: planning, implementation, evaluation, and reflection. The research subjects were 30 Grade XI students. Data were analyzed descriptively by comparing results between cycles. The focus of this study was on the dimension of independence, one of the profiles of Pancasila students, in order to enhance the affective aspect of learning. The results showed a significant improvement in students' independence, from 68% in the first cycle to 88% in the second cycle. In terms of cognitive aspects, students were categorized as advanced (30%), proficient (50%), and basic (20%). The improvement in learning outcomes between the first and second cycles indicates that the PBL model is effective in enhancing students' independence and academic performance. Reflections from this study recommend the need for continued support of students’ affective development to further strengthen their independent learning. In conclusion, the Problem Based Learning approach, when focused on the dimension of independence, has been proven to improve student learning outcomes in Grade XI.

This study aims to overcome the problem of low learning outcomes in Christian Religious Education (PAK) among fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Karanganyar. Observations indicated that the learning process was monotonous due to the predominant use of lecture methods, resulting in decreased student engagement, lack of focus, boredom, and even drowsiness during lessons. These factors contributed to low learning motivation and poor academic performance. To address this, the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model was applied as an alternative method designed to foster active learning, student engagement, and real-life problem-solving skills. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design, conducted in two cycles with four stages in each cycle: planning, implementation, evaluation, and reflection. The research subjects were five students from class IV. Data collection techniques included observation sheets, which focused on measuring the “concern” aspect of the Pancasila Student Profile, and written tests to evaluate students’ learning outcomes at the end of each cycle. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and percentage analysis. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ concern, which increased from 73.5% in cycle 1 to 85.9% in cycle 2—an increase of 12.4%. Learning outcomes also improved, with the proportion of students in the “Proficient” category rising from 20% to 60%, marking a 7.8% increase. These findings demonstrate that the PBL method is effective in enhancing both students’ character values and academic achievement, particularly on the topic of respecting parents. Therefore, PBL is recommended for use in similar character-based learning contexts.

This Classroom Action Research (CAR) aims to enhance the learning outcomes of Catholic Religious Education (CRE) for seventh-grade students in Phase D at SMP Negeri 4 Botomuzoi, Nias Regency, through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. The research is motivated by the desire to improve the quality of CRE instruction and student learning outcomes, particularly on the topic "I Am the Unique Image of God." The research employs a descriptive analytical method, with data collection through direct observation, summative assessments (multiple-choice questions), and literature review. The results indicate an average student score improvement from 77.5 in Cycle I to 83.8 in Cycle II, reflecting an increase of 6.3 points. The implementation of the PBL model has proven effective in enhancing students' CRE learning outcomes, demonstrating that the PBL model, supported by audio-visual media, can improve students' understanding and academic performance. This research has positive implications for students, teachers, and schools in efforts to enhance the quality of CRE education.

Risk management in the pindang fish business is very important to maintain business stability and increase consumer confidence. This study aims to analyze the application of risk management in the distribution of pindang fish in Bondowoso Regency based on the perspective of Islamic business ethics. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method, this research collected data through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The analysis technique used is the Miles and Huberman interactive model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The results show that the application of Islamic business ethics principles such as honesty (shiddiq), responsibility (amanah), and justice ('adl) in risk management can improve distribution transparency. Traders who apply the principle of trustworthiness are better able to maintain product quality and fair prices, thereby increasing consumer satisfaction. In addition, the Islamic business ethics approach helps prevent the practice of quality manipulation and price discrepancies, which are often challenges in pindang fish distribution.The conclusion of this study confirms that the integration of Islamic values in distribution risk management not only improves business sustainability but also strengthens long-term relationships with consumers. The study recommends the implementation of stricter sharia-based distribution policies as well as the utilization of technology in the distribution system to improve efficiency and transparency

This study aims to analyze the influence of competency and the cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance on the decision-making process of restorative justice by investigators at the Criminal Investigation Unit of Tanjung Pinang Police . The primary focus is to evaluate the extent to which investigator competency and cultural factors affect the implementation of restorative justice in handling criminal cases. This research employs a quantitative approach with a survey method, using questionnaires distributed to investigators at Tanjung Pinang Police . Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression tests to measure the relationship between independent variables (competency and uncertainty avoidance) and the dependent variable (restorative justice decision-making). The findings reveal that investigator competency has a significant influence on restorative justice decision-making, with a correlation coefficient of 0.851 and a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.01). Conversely, the cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance does not have a significant impact, with a correlation value of -0.109 and a significance of 0.496 (p > 0.05). Simultaneously, both variables contribute to restorative justice decision-making, with an R² value of 0.75. This study concludes that investigator competency is the primary factor in implementing restorative justice. Therefore, improving investigators' skills in legal analysis, communication, and mediation is the main recommendation for strengthening the implementation of restorative justice policies at Polresta Tanjung Pinang.
 

ملخص البحث. يتميز نمو الأنثى الأولي والثانوي بالحيض كعملية أنثوية طبيعية. ويؤثر هذا التطور على التغيرات التي تطرأ على حياتها اليومية. وفي الإسلام يعتبر الحيض من العلامات التي تدل على بلوغ المرأة ووجوب تنفيذ جميع أوامر الله سبحانه وتعالى. ومن أساسيات العبادة التي يجب القيام بها الطهارة. ولكن بعض النساء لا يفهمن الطريقة الصحيحة للطهارة من الحيض رغم أنهن درسن فقه العبادات. ومعظمهن ما زلن يؤخرن وقت الطهارة من الحيض. وتعتمد الباحثة على فقهه كأداة تحليلية لكونه من علماء المذهب الشافعي، الذين تفقهوا في مسائل الطهارة، خصوصا في مسألة الحيض والنفاس والاستحاضة. وله كتاب في هذه المسألة بموضوع "الإبانة والإفاضة في أحكام الحيض والنفاس والاستحاضة على مذهب الشافعي. وهو ألّف هذا الكتاب مستنداً إلى آراء الفقهاء وأئمة المذهب الشافعي.. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل حكم تأخير الاغتسال بعد الحيض من منظور الدكتور عبد الرحمن السقاف. ومنهج البحث المستخدم هو التحليل الوصفي، مع استخدام تقنيات جمع البيانات من خلال دراسة مؤلفاته ومقابلات مع مصادر تفهم أفكاره. وقد أظهرت النتائج أن تأخير الاغتسال له عواقب مختلفة حسب نية الفرد وحالته. وقد أكد الدكتور عبد الرحمن السقاف على أهمية الإسراع في الطهارة حتى لا تعطل العبادات الواجبة، ولكنه في الوقت نفسه يرى أن هناك ظروفاً معينة يمكن أن تكون عذراً للمرأة. والخلاصة أنه في منظور الفقه الشافعي كما يشرحه الدكتور عبد الرحمن السقاف، فإن الطهارة بعد الحيض مباشرة مستحبة وتصبح واجبة في الظروف العادية. ومع ذلك، هناك بعض الاستثناءات التي تستند إلى ظروف فردية يمكن أن تؤثر على حكم تأخير الطهارة.
 
 

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the learning process. Based on observations of teacher activities during Cycle I, teacher engagement increased from 65% in the first meeting to 81% in the second meeting. This improvement indicates that teacher activity falls within the "good" category. However, not all observed indicators were fully met in each session. In contrast, student activity during the learning process was categorized as "fair," with 61% in the first meeting and 75% in the second meeting. The results of the action test in Cycle I showed that classical learning mastery reached only 36%, which did not meet the predetermined target of 85%. The classical absorption rate was 63%, also falling short of the expected 65%. Out of all students, 8 achieved learning mastery, while 14 did not. This was primarily due to a lack of motivation and limited understanding of the concepts being taught. Based on the observations of both teacher and student activities and the Cycle I test results, the researcher proceeded with Cycle II in an effort to make the learning process more effective and efficient. The teacher made efforts to reflect on and address the shortcomings from Cycle I.

This research aims to analyze the influence of social assistance program utilization on the poverty level in Pelita Hijau Village, Bonepantai Sub-District, Bone Bolango Regency. This research utilizes a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. The sample consists of all 57 recipients of social assistance in the form of BLT (Bantuan Langsung Tunai or Direct Cash Assistance) and BPNT (Bantuan Pangan Non-tunai or Non-Cash Food Assistance) in Pelita Hijau Village. The data collection techniques used in this research include initial observations, questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis technique applied is simple linear regression. The findings indicate a positive and significant influence of social assistance on the poverty level, with the determination coefficient value from the regression model obtained at 0.300. The findings also showthat the correlation coefficient (R) suggests a moderately strong influence. The determination coefficient (R Square) represents the percentage of the influence of variable X (social assistance) on variable Y (poverty level). In contrast, the remaining70% in influencedby other variables not examined in this research.

Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a communication technology that plays an important role in improving operational safety and efficiency in the shipping industry. AIS allows ships to exchange real-time data on identity, position, speed, and direction, which helps prevent collisions and facilitates maritime traffic management by port authorities. In addition, AIS functions in search and rescue operations by providing accurate information on the location of ships in trouble. In terms of security, AIS allows monitoring of suspicious ships, thus helping in preventing illegal activities in the waters. This study aims to design and develop a prototype AIS receiver based on LoRa, Arduino, and LCD HMI. The LoRa module was chosen because of its ability to transmit data over long distances with low power consumption, which is suitable for the maritime environment. Arduino is used as the main microcontroller to control the system, while the LCD HMI serves as the display interface for the received data. After the hardware and software design was completed, the system was tested through functional testing and performance measurements using a spectrum analyzer to evaluate the strength of the LoRa signal at various distances. The test results show that the AIS receiver is able to receive data well up to 15 meters on land and 13 meters at sea, with a delay of 100 milliseconds. System performance degrades at longer distances due to environmental interference and signal attenuation. These findings provide insight into the effective limits of LoRa communication in maritime applications and can be used as a reference for frequency testing and optimization of LoRa-based long-range communication systems.

This study aims to analyze the application of storytelling in Islamic education as a method to cultivate noble character in early childhood. Storytelling is an effective approach to convey moral values and Islamic ethics through stories that touch children's emotions and imagination. The research method used is a literature review, which involves collecting, analyzing, and studying various literature related to Islamic education, children's character, and the application of storytelling in the context of religious education. The findings indicate that storytelling not only helps children understand moral values but also enhances empathy, religious awareness, and the formation of positive habits that are sustainable. This study also emphasizes the importance of the role of teachers and the environment in supporting the internalization of moral values in children. Overall, storytelling can be an effective method in early childhood moral education, with significant contributions to the formation of Islamic character.