This research aimed to find a solution for substitute feed for animal feed that is economically complete and increases the omega content. The research method employed a quantitative descriptive approach with four treatments, and the test livestock consisted of dairy goats of the sapera type, with a lactation period of four treatments. The treatment is as follows: P0 : control ration (concentrate Feed), P1: concentrate+5% sancha ichi beans, P2 : concentrate+10% sancha ichi beans, P3 : concentrate+15% sancha ichi beans and corn stalk forage. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the addition of sancha ichi nuts at the 5% level in the concentrate addition increased the omega-9 fatty acid content of dairy goat's milk compared to the content of fatty acids 3 and 6 at the 10% and 15% levels.

Red galangal (Alpinia officinarum) is a medicinal herb rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which offer significant health benefits. This study aimed to optimize the fermentation duration using Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 0026 to maximize the bioactive content in red galangal flour. The research method involved fermenting red galangal flour for periods ranging from 1 to 7 days, followed by drying and a staged maceration extraction using 70% ethanol. The analyzed parameters included the final pH of the fermentation medium, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The results indicated that a longer fermentation period decreased the pH, although no significant differences were observed among the 1- to 7-day treatments. Otherwise, the fermentation duration had a highly significant effect on TPC (p0.01) and TFC (p0.05). The highest accumulation of both TPC and TFC was achieved after 5 days of fermentation, with values of 1468.78 mg GAE/100 g and 41.49 mg QE/100 g, respectively. It is concluded that a 5-day fermentation period is the optimal duration for enhancing the bioactive compounds in red galangal, offering an effective biotechnological approach for developing functional food ingredients.

Land degradation challenges rice productivity in Indonesia, demanding innovative agronomic solutions. This study evaluated the interaction between humic acid-coated biochar rates and plant spacing on the growth and yield of rice (var. IR-64). A field experiment using a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design was conducted in Malang. The treatments used a 2 factorial, the first factor included four biochar rates (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha⁻¹) and the second factor used three plant spacings (20x20, 20x30, and 20x40 cm). The result showed a significant interaction (P 0.05) between biochar rate and spacing for the number of tillers and stem diameter. The highest tiller count (35.27) was recorded in the 5 t ha⁻¹ biochar rate, combined with 20x40 cm spacing. While the main effect of biochar on yield was not significant, plant spacing had a dominant impact; the 20x30 cm spacing yielded the highest grain weight per plot (8.74 kg). These findings highlight that rice yield optimization depends on the specific synergy between soil ameliorants and planting density

Low productivity of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is often caused by high disease incidence. The application of biological agents like mycorrhizae and chitosan offers a promising strategy for sustainable intensification. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of mycorrhizae and chitosan on the growth, yield, and disease resistance of cayenne pepper var. Bara. A field experiment was conducted from April to July 2023 in Batu, Indonesia, using a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The first factor was mycorrhizal dosage (M: 0, 5, and 10 g/plant ), and the second was chitosan concentration (C: 0, 4, 8, and 12 mL/L). Results showed a significant interaction (P 0.05) between mycorrhizae and chitosan on most vegetative and generative parameters. The treatment M2C3 (10 g/plant mycorrhizae + 12 mL/L chitosan) yielded the best performance, producing 8.03 t ha⁻¹, a 204% increase compared to the control (2.64 t ha⁻¹). This combination also significantly enhanced plant height, leaf count, and biomass. While no statistical interaction was found for disease incidence, both agents individually reduced disease severity. This study demonstrates a strong synergistic effect between soil-applied mycorrhizae and foliar-applied chitosan, highlighting its potential for significantly boosting cayenne pepper production.

Red galangal (Alpinia officinarum) is an Indonesian native herb rich in bioactive compounds. Fermentation is a promising method to enhance these components. This study aimed to determine the optimal fermentation time using Lactobacillus plantarum to maximize the bioactive content of red galangal flour. A Randomized Block Design was employed, with fermentation times ranging from 1 to 7 days. The fermented flour was extracted using a two-step aqueous maceration process. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were analyzed spectrophotometrically. The results showed that fermentation significantly increased both TPC and TFC compared to the unfermented control. The optimal fermentation duration was 5 days, yielding the highest TPC of 1100.74 mg GAE/100 g and a significantly higher TFC of 34.30 mg QE/100 g (P 0.01). After this point, the bioactive content began to decline. This study demonstrates that a 5-day fermentation period is optimal for enhancing the phenolic and flavonoid compounds in red galangal flour, highlighting a viable method for developing functional food ingredients.

Panambangan Village has been designated as a tourist village in Cirebon Regency; however, its potential has not been optimally managed due to a lack of comprehensive planning. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential of Panambangan Village and formulate recommendations for its development concept as a community-based tourism village. The research method employed is a descriptive qualitative approach, with a special emphasis on participatory mapping, which was implemented through focus group discussions (FGDs). This research process consists of three main stages: potential inventory, analysis, and formulation of recommendations. The results showed that Panambangan Village has significant potential, including natural attractions such as mountain views, rice fields, and rivers, supported by good environmental quality, as well as cultural potential. Basic infrastructure is adequate for supporting tourism, and the other side infrastructure, such as transportation and accommodation access, still requires improvement. The culmination of this research, through participatory mapping activities, successfully mapped the village's potential points, which were then grouped into three recommended development zones: the revitalization zone, the settlement zone, and the cultural zone.

Chronic disease caused by increased blood sugar levels and potentially causing many complications especially when uncontrolled conditions are known as diabetes mellitus. Glycosylated hemoglobin examination is a reliable method in evaluating long-term glycemic control because it is not affected by daily fluctuations and reflects glucose levels for 120 days. The province with the 10th highest number of diabetes mellitus cases in 2018 was Aceh. One of the districts in Aceh, namely North Aceh, is the area with the highest incidence of cases. This study aims to describe HbA1c levels and characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Cut Meutia Regional Hospital, North Aceh in 2023. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, 77 patients were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected from laboratory results and MMAS-8 and MIAS-8 questionnaires. The results showed that most patients had uncontrolled HbA1c levels (90.9%), uncontrolled HbA1c men (91.7%), 56–65 years old (40.3%), had pre-hypertension blood pressure (83.1%), and medication compliance in the moderate category (54.5%). This can be concluded that cases of diabetes with uncontrolled glycosylated hemoglobin levels are men.

This study aims to analyze the effect of inflation rate, pawnshop income and gold price on the distribution of KREASI credit of PT. Pegadaian Kupang (Period 2016-2023). The type of research used is a case study method with a quantitative approach. This study uses secondary data in the form of inflation rate data, pawnshop income, gold price, and distribution of KREASI credit in the period from the first quarter of 2016 to the fourth quarter of 2023 in PT. Pegadaian Kupang. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption test, and hypothesis test with the help of SPSS software. The results of the study indicate that simultaneously the inflation rate, pawnshop income and gold price have a positive effect on the distribution of KREASI credit. The inflation rate and income partially have a negative effect on the distribution of KREASI credit. The price of gold partially has a positive effect on the distribution of KREASI credit

Madura, an island in East Java, is known for its rich cultural heritage. Despite this, prevailing stereotypes in society often emphasize negative aspects of Madurese culture, which can obscure its valuable and positive traditions. One such cultural gem is Daul music—a vibrant and rhythmic musical expression that deserves greater public appreciation. This study explores the design and development of a digital comic titled “The Sparkle of Madura’s Daul”, which aims to introduce Daul music to a younger audience, particularly teenagers aged 18–22, through the Webtoon platform. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method, the research gathered data through observation, questionnaires, and interviews to inform the design process. The comic is created not only as an engaging entertainment medium but also as a tool for cultural education and preservation. By integrating narrative and visual storytelling, the comic presents Daul music in a compelling and accessible format, positioning it as a cultural asset comparable to the well-known Karapan Sapi. The final product is intended to reshape perceptions of Madurese identity, promote cultural pride, and encourage the appreciation of traditional music among youth. This initiative highlights the potential of digital media to bridge generational and cultural gaps while revitalizing local heritage through creative means.

Pastoral ministry is a divine calling that demands faithfulness, vigilance, and wholehearted love in caring for God’s flock. However, in the reality of ministry, many church shepherds face complex and burdensome challenges in fulfilling this responsibility. A failure to understand and implement authority based on the character of Christ often becomes the root problem in pastoral ministry. This study aims to explore the dynamics of pastoral ministry in the context of today’s church, particularly in light of 1 Peter 5:1–4. The approach used is qualitative descriptive, based on a literature review, with a focus on relevant theological and pastoral works. The findings reveal that many pastors experience spiritual and emotional exhaustion, especially when their ministry lacks support from an adequate organizational structure, or when the congregation’s expectations are misaligned with the church’s mission. In this context, true shepherding—as explained by figures such as Bill Lawrence and Phil Pringle—must be rooted in Christ as the Head of the Church. A pastor is called to serve with humility, not to dominate or pursue personal interests. Furthermore, a deep understanding of the biblical metaphor concerning the relationship between shepherd and sheep is essential to avoid distortions in meaning and deviant ministry practices. An emphasis on love, responsibility, and exemplary conduct becomes the foundational framework for building an integrous pastoral ministry. This study concludes that pastoral ministry will be more effective when supported by clear church organizational policies, a deep theological foundation, and pure ministry motivations. Thus, pastoral ministry is not merely an administrative task, but a manifestation of God's love expressed through the lives of His servants.