The Social studies has an important role in education, namely understanding the wider social world so that students are able to face the challenges of global issues. This research explores the transformation of social studies learning in the modern era, focusing on contemporary global issues such as climate change, geopolitical conflicts, economic disparities, health problems, and human rights violations. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach and literature study, this research examines the urgency of social studies education transformation in responding to these issues. The results show that social studies education needs to adopt more interactive and technology-based learning methods, integrate character values, improve digital literacy, and incorporate global issues into the curriculum, the key role of teachers as facilitators and continuous evaluation to ensure the effectiveness of the transformation. This study concludes that a comprehensive transformation of social studies learning is essential to prepare the younger generation to be responsible global citizens and able to contribute to a better society.
 

This study aims to analyze the logo of the State Islamic University of North Sumatra (UINSU) using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic approach. Peirce's theory divides signs into icons, indexes, and symbols, and views meaning through a triadic process: representamen, object, and interpretant. With a qualitative approach, this study identifies visual elements in the UINSU logo and interprets their meaning based on the context of Islam, science, and nationalism. The results of the analysis show that each visual component, whether shape, color, or typography, contains deep philosophical and ideological meanings and represents the identity and institutional vision of UINSU.

Background: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is extensive skin damage, accompanied by involvement of the mucosa and muscle-joint tissue due to immobilization with a set of symptoms in the form of abnormalities characterized by erythema, vesicles, bullae, purpura on the skin. Objective: to explore the benefits of physiotherapy in managing these problems and to identify the most effective approach in the rehabilitation process. Method: this study uses a case study approach in patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) taken from RSUD Sumberglagah Mojokerto. Results: There was a decrease in pain in both ankles, there was an increase in muscle strength in both ankles, there was an increase in the range of motion of the joints in both ankles, there was an increase in functional ability in patients from moderate dependence to independence. Conclusion: Based on the results that have been carried out, physiotherapy interventions in the form of ROM exercises (Active, resisted and stretching) are effective in overcoming physiotherapy problems in cases of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS).

This study explores the construction of humanistic leadership and the concepts of cross-generational collaboration and reverse mentoring, psychological well-being as a mediator, and innovative academic productivity as a dependent. The focus of the study is private universities in Central Java. The methodology used is a mixed method approach, where quantitative data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 390 lecturers. Then, the data were analyzed using structural equation modelling facilitated by AMOS software version 24.00. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews and FGDs, with the analysis process involving triangulation and coding supported by NVivo software. The findings of the study concluded that there was a significant interaction between the exogenous and endogenous variables. However, the role of psychological well-being is only a partial mediation, not a full one. Therefore, this comprehensive approach highlights the critical role of various leadership styles and collaborative methodologies in promoting innovative academic behaviour. This finding also explains how important local culture is as inspired by the educational figure Ki Hajar Dewantara through his concept of “ing ngarso sung tuladha, ing madya mbangun karsa, tut wuri handayani” which greatly supports higher education in encouraging innovative behaviour through knowledge sharing, which has an impact on increasing academic productivity in higher education.

Tan delta merupakan salah satu parameter penting dalam pengujian kualitas isolasi pada stator generator, yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi dan performa sistem isolasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hasil pengujian tan delta pada stator generator setelah proses overhaul, menggunakan perangkat Omicron CPC 100 dan CP-TD1 di PLTU Sumber Alam Sekurau, Tanjung Selor. Proses pengujian melibatkan pengukuran nilai tan delta pada berbagai level tegangan, sesuai dengan standar pengujian internasional, untuk menentukan tingkat degradasi atau kerusakan pada material isolasi. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan nilai tan delta sebelum dan sesudah overhaul, serta mengevaluasi efisiensi proses perawatan terhadap kualitas isolasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai tan delta pada stator generator mengalami perubahan signifikan setelah overhaul, dimana nilai tan delta berada dalam rentang batas aman yang ditetapkan oleh standar IEC 60034-27-3: Dissipation Factor Acceptance Criteria for Stator Winding Insulation. Penggunaan perangkat Omicron CPC 100 dan CP-TD1 terbukti memberikan hasil pengujian yang akurat dan dapat diandalkan, sehingga mempermudah evaluasi kondisi isolasi secara komprehensif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pengujian tan delta merupakan langkah krusial untuk memastikan keandalan operasi generator pasca-overhaul. Hasil analisis ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk perawatan dan pengujian berkala guna meminimalkan risiko kerusakan isolasi serta meningkatkan efisiensi dan keandalan sistem pembangkitan di PLTU.

This research aims to develop functions for a line follower robot by adding the ability to detect objects in front of the robot using an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, enabling the robot to stop and avoid collisions. In addition, the robot is equipped with a smartphone control function using Bluetooth. With the ultrasonic sensor positioned at the front of the robot, it can detect the distance of objects ahead, allowing the robot to stop its wheel movement when an object is detected nearby. In addition, the integration of the HC-05 Bluetooth module into the robot's system enables wireless control of the robot's movement via Bluetooth commands sent from a smartphone application. The methods used in this research include designing the robot's hardware circuitry, programming the Arduino microcontroller, developing a smartphone application, and testing the robot's performance in various scenarios. The results of the tests show that the robot can accurately follow the designated path, stop when an obstacle is detected in front of it, and respond to commands from the smartphone. The additional features implemented in this research extend the robot's functionality beyond simply following a predefined path.
 
Keywords: Bluetooth HC-05, Robot Line Follower, Smartphone Control, Ultrasonic Sensor
 
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengembangkan fitur pada robot line follower dengan penambahan fitur mendeteksi benda atau objek didepan robot menggunakan sensor ultrasonic HC-SR04 agar robot dapat berhenti dan tidak membentur objek tersebut, serta penambahan fitur control robot menggunakan smartphone menggunakan bluetooth. Dengan adanya sensor ultrasonik yang terletak pada bagian depan robot, maka robot dapat mendeteksi jarak objek yang berada didepan robot sehingga robot mampu memiliki kemampuan untuk menghentikan gerakan roda Ketika terdeteksi ada objek dekat yang berada didepan robot. Selain itu dengan adanya modul Bluetooth HC-05 yang terintegrasi dengan sistem pada robot, maka robot dapat dikendalikan arah geraknya secara nirkabel menggunakan protocol Bluetooth yang diperintahkan melalui aplikasi pada smartphone. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini meliputi perancangan rangkaian perangkat keras pada robot, pemrograman mikrokontroler Arduino, pembuatan aplikasi pada smartphone serta pengujian kinerja robot pada beberapa sekenario yang diujikan. Hasil dari pengujian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini, menunjukan bahwa robot dapat mengikuti garis lintasan yang yang dibuat serta mampu berhenti Ketika terdapat objek yang menghalangi pergerakan robot dari sisi depan, dan robot mampu untuk perespon perintah yang dikendalikan dari smartphone. Penambahan fitur-fitur yang diberikan pada penelitian ini, menjadikan robot memiliki fungsi yang lebih dari sekedar bergerak mengikuti lintasan yang telah ada.

Muara Bungo Main Substation is one of the main substations in the working area of ??PT. PLN (Persero) UPT Jambi. This substation is located along the Sungai Binjai, Batin III District, Bungo Regency, Jambi Province. The Power Transformer 1 cubicle panel at this substation often experiences problems with insulation defects which can cause interference with electricity transmission. In this research, the transient earth voltage method is applied, which functions as a sensor to detect partial discharge signals in high voltage equipment. The sensor used to measure transient ground voltage is a capacitive sensor. This testing can be done directly (online) without disrupting operations. The measuring instrument used in partial discharge testing is the Ultra TEV Plus 2.The results of partial discharge testing using the transient earth voltage method show that most of the panels and their components, especially panel TD No. 1, in good condition. However, there is one component, namely the circuit breaker (PMT), which shows the highest partial discharge value. Tests on Palem feeder cubicles showed the highest TEV value of 12 dB and PPC of 4.62 for the PMT component. Overall, the measured TEV values ??ranged from 10 to 19 dB, and the PPC ranged from 0.5 to 6, indicating that the Palem feeder cubicles were classified as low-level PD. Based on these results, every PMT component in the field needs to be checked thoroughly and repairs planned if there are problems with the PMT material.          
 
Keywords: Circuit Breaker (PMT), Muara Bungo Substation, Partial Discharge, TEV Sensor, Ultra TEV Plus 2
 
ABSTRAK
Gardu Induk Muara Bungo adalah salah satu gardu induk dari wilayah kerja PT. PLN (Persero) UPT Jambi. Gardu ini berada di sepanjang Sungai Binjai, Kecamatan Batin III, Kabupaten Bungo, Provinsi Jambi. Panel kubikel Trafo Daya 1 di gardu ini sering mengalami masalah cacat isolasi yang bisa menyebabkan gangguan pada transmisi listrik. Dalam penelitian ini diterapkan metode transient earth voltage, yang berfungsi sebagai sensor untuk mendeteksi sinyal pelepasan sebagian pada peralatan tegangan tinggi. Sensor yang digunakan untuk mengukur tegangan tanah transien adalah sensor kapasitif. Pengujian ini dapat dilakukan secara langsung (online) tanpa mengganggu operasional. Alat ukur yang dipakai dalam pengujian pelepasan sebagian adalah Ultra TEV Plus 2. Hasil pengujian pelepasan sebagian dengan metode transient earth voltage menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar panel dan komponennya, khususnya panel TD No. 1, dalam kondisi baik. Namun, terdapat satu komponen, yaitu pemutus arus (PMT), yang menunjukkan nilai pelepasan sebagian paling tinggi. Pengujian pada kubikel penyulang Palem menunjukkan nilai TEV tertinggi sebesar 12 dB dan PPC sebesar 4,62 untuk komponen PMT. Secara keseluruhan, nilai TEV yang terukur berkisar antara 10 hingga 19 dB, dan PPC antara 0,5 hingga 6, menandakan bahwa kubikel penyulang Palem tergolong dalam kategori PD tingkat rendah. Berdasarkan hasil ini, setiap komponen PMT di lapangan perlu diperiksa secara menyeluruh dan direncanakan perbaikannya jika terdapat masalah pada material PMT.
 

This research examines the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) in enhancing transportation safety and efficiency trough a literature review approach. The study focuses on literature published between 2013 and 2023, employing thematic and bibliometric analysis to explore IoT contributions in the transportation sector. IoT has proven to significantly contribute to transportation safety, such as through the implementation of NodeMCU ESP8266 for real-time vehicle location tracking and Raspberry Pi 3 for automated traffic violation detection. These systems utilize data from sensors and cameras to enable swift decision-making in traffic management. Additionally, the use of Arduino Mega 2560 microcontrollers in IoT-based traffic light control systems can prioritize emergency vehicles such as ambulances, thereby improving transportation efficiency in congested urban areas. The role of IoT in transportation safety includes the capability to detect threats in real-time through the integration of sensors, cameras, and other IoT devices. This technology enables transportation systems to provide early warnings, prevent accidents, and enhance traffic monitoring. In terms of efficiency, IoT helps optimize resource utilization by supporting emergency vehicles and adjusting traffic patterns based on demand. Bibliometric analysis reveals a growing trend in IoT-related publications in transportation, with significant collaboration between academia and industry. The integration of technologies like machine learning and cloud computing in IoT-based transportation systems further supports operational sustainability and logistics efficiency. In the continuously evolving digital era, the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has become a key catalyst in transforming traditional transportation systems into integrated smart ecosystems. This technology enables devices to communicate and share data in real-time, creating opportunities for faster and more accurate decision-making. This study conducts an in-depth analysis to explore the potential of IoT in addressing major transportation challenges, such as traffic congestion, delays in emergency vehicle response, and threats to vehicle security. By leveraging data-driven approaches, IoT not only enhances operational efficiency but also opens new opportunities for sustainable transportation management that supports environmentally friendly initiatives.
 
Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), NodeMCU ESP8266 Microcontroller, Fuzzy Logic,GPS
 
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini mengkaji peran Internet of Things (IoT) dalam meningkatkan keamanan dan efisiensi transportasi melalui metode studi literatur. Kajian dilakukan terhadap literatur yang diterbitkan pada rentang waktu 2013-2023, dengan pendekatan analisis tematik dan bibliometrik untuk mengeksplorasi kontribusi IoT di sektor transportasi. IoT terbukti memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam keamanan transportasi, misalnya melalui implementasi NodeMCU ESP8266 untuk pelacakan lokasi kendaraan secara real-time dan Raspberry Pi 3 untuk pendeteksian pelanggaran lalu lintas otomatis. Sistem ini memanfaatkan data dari sensor dan kamera untuk memberikan keputusan cepat dalam pengelolaan lalu lintas. Selain itu, penggunaan mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 2569 pada sistem kontrol lampu lalu lintas berbasis IoT mampu memberikan prioritas kepada kendaraan darurat seperti ambulans, sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi transportasi di kawasan perkotaan yang padat. Peran Iot dalam keamanan transportasi meliputi kemampuan untuk mendeteksi ancaman secara real-time melalui integrasi sensor, kamera, dan perangkat IoT lainnya. Teknologi ini memungkinkan sistem transportasi untuk memberikan peringatan dini, mencegah kecelakaan, dan meningkatkan pengawasan lalu lintas. Di sisi efisiensi, Iot membantu mengoptimalkan penggunaan sumber daya dengan mendukung manajemen lalu lintas berbasis data, seperti prioritas kendaraan darurat dan penyesuaian pola lalu lintas sesuai kebutuhan. Analisis bibliometrik menunjukkan bahwa tren publikasi terkait IoT dalam transportasi terus meningkat, dengan kolaborasi yang signifikan antara akademisi dan industri. Penerapan teknologi seperti machine learning dan cloud computing semakin terintegrasi dalam sistem transportasi berbasis IoT, yang mendukung keberlanjutan operasional serta efisiensi logistik. Dalam era digital yang terus berkembang, implementasi teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) menjadi katalis utama dalam mengubah sistem transportasi tradisional menjadi ekosistem cerdas yang terintegrasi. Teknologi ini memungkinkan perangkat untuk berkomunikasi dan berbagi data secara real-time, menciptakan peluang untuk pengambilan keputusan yang lebih cepat dan akurat. Dalam penelitian ini, analisis mendalam dilakukan untuk mengungkap potensi IoT dalam mengatasi tantangan utama transportasi, seperti kemacetan lalu lintas, keterlambatan kendaraan darurat, serta ancaman keamanan kendaraan pribadi. Dengan pendekatan berbasis data, IoT tidak hanya meningkatkan efisiensi operasional tetapi juga membuka peluang baru dalam pengelolaan transportasi berkelanjutan yang mendukung inisiatif ramah lingkungan.

The aims of this research are not only to know the development of English Storybook in Students speaking skill of Al-Qomar Institute but also to know the advisability of English Storybook in students speaking skill of Al-Qomar Institute Giri Banyuwangi. Researcher utilized the development of Sugiyono method with eight stages. The stages included: (1) Potential and Problem, (2) Collection of Data, (3) Product Design, (4) Design Validation, (5) Design Revision, (6) Product Trial, (7) Product Revision, and (8) Final product. In the previous study, the researcher used VOS viewer to get the references which conducted with the title of the research. The information collecting through interview, questionnaire, documentation and test. The data collecting through used four validators. They are validator of design expert, validator of content expert, teacher perception, and student’s respondent. The product user is the member of Institute of ala-Qomar Giri Banyuwangi which consisted of 24 students. The result showed: 1) the process includes: a) the design of English Storybook development step, b) the expert of English Storybook and the validation of the assessment step from the expert, teacher perception and student respond. 2) The validity level of English Storybook is obtained based on the result of contain expert is 90%, the score was categorized as “very good” with interval 80% < x < 100%, design expert is 86%, the score was categorized “verry good” with interval 80% < x < 100%, teacher perception is 97%, the score was categorized “very good” with interval 80% < x < 100%, and student respond is 87%, the score was categorized “very good” with interval 80% < x < 100%. So, it can be seen that the criteria of validation level are very valid and not revision. This English storybook that has been revised by design expert and contain expert. This English storybook can be used a reference by teachers to try to improve the student speaking skills and can be some learning media is appropriate to the student’s condition. It means, that used English storybook is very positive for the students.            
              
Keywords:English Storybook, Speaking Skill, How to cite

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the Indonesian economy, but in digital business practices, they often face legal challenges in business contracts, whether with suppliers, distributors, or marketplace platforms. This article examines aspects of legal protection for MSMEs in digital business contracts and identifies inequalities that occur in business relationships with large companies. This study uses a normative-juridical research method by analyzing business contract regulations in Indonesia as well as comparative studies with legal systems in other countries. This study concludes that MSMEs need more proactive regulations in ensuring fairness in digital business contracts so as not to experience exploitation from more dominant parties.