Skincare Distributor Sr12 is a Distributor that provides herbal beauty products from PT. SR12 Herbal Perkasa. PT. SR12 Herbal Perkasa is a company engaged in the field of herbal & skin care which was established in 2015 by Toni Firmansyah, S. Farm., Apt as the main director, Asrianty Salam, S.Farm as a pharmacist who is responsible for Plant Operational. The Sr12 Distributor Store requires more active and wider marketing to increase sales. To improve marketing, an information system is needed that can make it easier for consumers to find information about product information and marketing of sr12 products. One of the media that is widely used in marketing is a website. A website is a collection of addresses that display interrelated information in the form of text, images, videos, animations, sounds or a combination of all of them that can be accessed using the internet. To build a website, a method is needed. Personal Extreme Programing (PXP) is a software development method that tries to simplify the various stages in the development process so that it becomes more addictive and flexible. Keywords: Information systems, single level, Personal Extreme Programming (PXP)

The phenomenon of illegal cigarette circulation can still be found especially in Jember district. The characteristics of illegal cigarettes include the absence of excise stamps on the cigarette packs, attaching cigarette packs with fake excise tape or placing excise tape that is not in accordance with its intended use. The Directorate General of Customs and Excise has the authority to take action and investigate illegal cigarette distributors in accordance with Law Number 39 of 2007 concerning amendments to Law Number 11 of 1995 about excise. The purpose of this researcher is to find out the law enforcement process against illegal cigarette dealers in Jember Regency by the Jember Regenc KPPBC. This research method uses empirical legal research. Primary and secondary data obtained through interviews with staff of the prosecution and investigation section of the Jember Regency KPPBC. The data analysis method is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study are that law enforcement carried out by the Jember Regency KPPBC has not been able to be carried out optimally because in its implementation there are many obstacles such as a very wide illegal cigarette distribution network so that there isa lack of officers. However, these various obstacles can hopefully be overcome with existing efforts.
 

Communication is an essential part of day-to-day life. However, people who have disabling hearing loss, which in general is known as deafness, or have a severe loss of hearing use sign language for their communication. Those people learn this language through their respective schools, whereas hearing people rarely get to know this communication tool, leaving a wide communication gap. To bridge this gap, an automated communication system that can convert text to sign language without depending on human interpreters. This literature review overviews sign language and discusses the different technologies used for text-to-sign conversion systems. The paper evaluates computer-based text processing methods, machine translation techniques (rule-based, corpus-based, and neural architectures), and sign synthesis approaches (avatar animation, video concatenation, neural generation). The paper compares each method's strengths and limitations and presents quantitative performance data from recent systems. The review also provides a comprehensive summary of widely used datasets and introduces a visual taxonomy of translation approaches. Furthermore, the paper discusses the current limitations, including scalability, data limitations, the need for more expressive synthesis, and future scope for improvement. The expected outcome of this review is to find and gather information on various sign language systems worldwide, identify research gaps, and propose further enhancements in text-to-sign language conversion.

In line with current technological developments, the use of electric vehicles is expected to increase due to their environmentally friendly nature—primarily because they produce no exhaust emissions. One of the critical structural components of an electric car is the lower body. The lower body of the Rekarya EV has been specifically designed to accommodate three rows of seating. This study aims to evaluate the structural strength of the Rekarya EV's lower body under static loading conditions by analyzing von Mises stress, displacement, and safety factor values. The analysis was carried out using the Finite Element Method (FEM) through Autodesk Inventor Professional 2020. A static stress analysis was performed using ASTM A36 steel material with three different thickness variations: 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, and 1.4 mm. The resulting von Mises stress values were 72.88 MPa, 62.24 MPa, and 51.66 MPa, respectively. The corresponding displacement values were 1.366 mm, 1.295 mm, and 1.212 mm. The calculated safety factors were 3.41, 3.99, and 4.8. Additionally, the total weight of the lower body for each thickness was calculated as 88.012 kg, 100.823 kg, and 113.613 kg. The results indicate that all three thickness variations provide adequate safety factors; however, increasing material thickness significantly affects the overall weight of the structure. Therefore, a balance between strength and weight must be considered in the design process.

Diesel engines are essential for transporting heavy loads, requiring significant engine power. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding PTT (diesel fuel conditioner) additives to Dexlite fuel, focusing on mixtures of D0, D1, and D2. Additionally, variations in fuel pre-heating and engine cooling system fluids are examined. This research employs an experimental approach with descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that the optimal torque occurs with the D2 mixture, achieving 136.57 N·m at 2267 rpm with standard coolant, 152.03 N·m at 2100 rpm with a 50%:50% fluid ratio, and 160.70 N·m at 2033 rpm with a 30%:70% fluid ratio, all without pre-heating. The optimal power values for the D2 mixture are 74.60 HP at 4600 rpm with standard fluid, 75.23 HP at 4100 rpm with a 50%:50% fluid ratio, and 78.03 HP at 4000 rpm with a 30%:70% fluid ratio, also without pre-heating. The average results show that the D1 and D2 mixtures improve torque values by 0.77% and 4.75%, respectively, and enhance power by 0.19% and 1.53% compared to pure Dexlite. In contrast, pre-heating at 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C resulted in a decrease in torque of 1.00%, 2.26%, and 3.62%, respectively, and a reduction in power of 0.56%, 2.29%, and 4.79% compared to normal temperature conditions.

In the automotive sector, which produces over 60-70% of global pollution emissions, the world faces difficulties in making the switch from fossil fuels to environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. Technology has advanced significantly, and companies such as Toyota and FiA are working to improve competitiveness and attract more manufacturers to produce hybrid cars. Reducing environmental impact and greenhouse gas emissions is the goal of the Formula 1 project, which partners with ARAMCO, one of the world's largest mining companies. Using the methodology of reviewing literature on energy-efficient fuels and adapting to Formula 1 vehicle regulations, with a special emphasis on hybrid strategies, to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Research on the use of synthetic materials in fuels such as ethanol, ethanol, butanole, dimethyl methacrylate (DMM), and oxymethylethyl (OME) 3-5 has shown promising results in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The transition to renewable energy sources is essential to reduce global pollution.

TBody image dissatisfaction and increasing interest in cosmetic procedures present significant psychosocial challenges among contemporary university students. This study examined body image satisfaction levels, areas of physical dissatisfaction, and attitudes toward plastic surgery among University of Zakho students. A descriptive survey approach collected data from 49 students (28 males, 21 females) using a validated 10-item questionnaire measuring satisfaction and attitudes. Analysis revealed hierarchical patterns of body dissatisfaction, with the nose being most dissatisfying facial feature (91.8% reported some facial dissatisfaction), followed by hair. The chest area generated highest body dissatisfaction (80% of those reporting body issues), followed by abdomen/buttocks. Students strongly perceived increased prevalence of cosmetic procedures (67.3% agreed "to a large extent") and acknowledged significant media influence (69.4%). While recognizing plastic surgery as necessary for others (particularly women), 65.3% expressed unwillingness to pursue such interventions personally, even if cost-free. Statistical analyses found no significant differences in attitudes based on gender or age variables. Findings suggest educational institutions should implement body image programs while regulatory frameworks ensure plastic surgeries address genuine needs rather than reinforcing unrealistic standards.

TTeachers' psychological security impacts educational quality, yet few studies examine its relationship with professional performance in Kurdistan's educational context. This study investigates the relationship between psychological security and professional performance among Zakho's basic education teachers across various demographic factors. Using correlational-descriptive approaches, 100 randomly selected teachers completed Maslow's Security Scale and a standardized Professional Performance Scale with five-point measurements. Results revealed high levels of psychological security and professional performance among teachers. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in psychological security across gender, age, or years of service. However, professional performance varied significantly with years of service, with teachers having 31-40 years of experience demonstrating superior performance compared to other groups. The study established a significant positive correlation (r=0.512, p<0.01) between psychological security and professional performance, indicating that teachers with stronger psychological security tend to demonstrate more effective professional performance in educational settings. Enhancing teachers' psychological well-being represents a crucial strategy for improving teaching effectiveness and educational quality in basic education

This study aims to analyze the position of the Constitutional Court's decision in the formation of laws and to examine the legal implications if the laws formed are in conflict with the Constitutional Court's decision. This study is important to conduct considering the polemic of alleged non-compliance of state administrators with the Constitutional Court's decision, especially in the formation of laws. This study is different from several previous studies because it examines the position of the Constitutional Court's decision and the legal implications of laws formed in conflict with the Constitutional Court's decision. Using a normative legal research method. The results obtained from this study are that the Constitutional Court's decision is a source of law in the formation of laws as stipulated in Article 10 paragraph (1) letter d of Law No. 12 of 2011, that one of the materials that must be included in the law is the follow-up to the Constitutional Court's decision. The legal implications of the formation of laws that are in conflict with the Constitutional Court's decision are that it will cause legal uncertainty, can harm human rights, and the law can be submitted for judicial review to the Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court's decision is the official interpretation of the 1945 Constitution. Therefore, the DPR and the President are obliged to follow up on it in the formation of laws, so that the resulting laws can provide justice, benefits, and legal certainty as well as protection of human rights.
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam pembentukan undang-undang serta mengkaji implikasi hukum apabila undang-undang yang dibentuk bertentangan dengan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Penelitian ini penting dilakukan mengingat adanya polemik dugaan ketidakpatuhan penyelenggara negara terhadap putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi khususnya dalam pembentukan undang-undang. Penelitian ini memiliki perbedaan dengan beberapa penelitian sebelumnya karena mengakaji kedudukan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dan implikasi hukum undang-undang yang dibentuk bertentangan dengan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi.  Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi berkedudukan sebagai sumber hukum dalam pembentukan undang-undang sebagaimana ditentukan pada Pasal 10 ayat (1) huruf d UU No. 12 Tahun 2011, bahwa salah satu materi yang wajib dimuat dalam undang-undang adalah tindak lanjut atas putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Implikasi hukum pembentukan undang-undang yang bertentangan dengan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yakni akan menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum; dapat merugikan hak asasi manusia; dan undang-undang tersebut dapat diajukan judicial review di Mahkamah Konstitusi. Putusan Mahkamah Kontitusi merupakan penafsiran resmi UUD 1945. Oleh karena itu, DPR dan Presiden wajib menindaklanjutinya dalam pembentukan undang-undang, agar undang-undang yang dihasilkan dapat memberikan keadilan, kemanfaatan dan kepastian hukum serta perlindungan terhadap hak asasi manusia. 
 

This study aims to analyze the legal implications of granting building use rights to foreign nationals under the Job Creation Law. The main problem that currently occurs is the limited availability of land in Indonesia, while development is progressing rapidly, especially in urban areas. To meet the needs of the community, including foreign citizens, for housing, the government then took the path of building flats as part of housing development, considering the limited land in urban areas. In its development, the government then enacted the Job Creation Law, which turned out to be inconsistent with previous regulations. This is interesting to study regarding the impact that will occur if Building Use Rights are granted to Foreign Citizens living in Indonesia, so that the problems that arise can be in the form of legal certainty of the Job Creation Law regarding ownership of Building Use Rights by Foreign Citizens and ownership of flat units by Foreign Citizens according to the Job Creation Law linked to the principle of nationality. This study uses a normative legal approach method by reviewing library materials or secondary data, and the nature of this research is descriptive and analytical. The results of the study concluded that the legal certainty of ownership of Apartment Ownership Rights on land with building use rights by foreigners based on the Job Creation Law is still not guaranteed, because in the UURS and UUPA, foreigners can only have usage rights, while in the UUCK, they can have HGB. The novelty of this study lies in its normative analysis of conflicting regulations and the identification of legal gaps in the implementation of foreign ownership of apartment units.